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21-465: The International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR) is an international academic conference which is now held annually, each time in a different country. It is about character and symbol recognition, printed/handwritten text recognition , graphics analysis and recognition, document analysis, document understanding, historical documents and digital libraries, document based forensics, camera and video based scene text analysis. ICDAR

42-437: A career and job search and interview activities. At some conferences, social or entertainment activities such as tours and receptions can be part of the program. Business meetings for learned societies , interest groups , or affinity groups can also be part of the conference activities. Academic conferences typically fall into three categories: Increasing numbers of amplified conferences are being provided which exploit

63-530: A group of researchers with a common interest. Larger meetings may be handled on behalf of the scientific society by a Professional Conference Organiser or PCO. The meeting is announced by way of a Call For Papers (CFP) or a Call For Abstracts, which is sent to prospective presenters and explains how to submit their abstracts or papers. It describes the broad theme and lists the meeting's topics and formalities such as what kind of abstract (summary) or paper has to be submitted, to whom, and by what deadline . A CFP

84-545: A half, particularly if there are several keynote speakers on a panel . In addition to presentations, conferences also feature panel discussions , round tables on various issues, poster sessions and workshops. Some conferences take more interactive formats, such as the participant driven " unconference " or various conversational formats. Academic conferences have been held in three general formats: in-person, virtual or online and hybrid (in-person and virtual). Conferences have traditionally been organized in-person. Since

105-436: A multiple track meeting has several parallel sessions with speakers in separate rooms speaking at the same time. However, there are no commonly shared definitions even within disciplines for each event type. There might be no conceivable difference between a symposium, a congress or a conference. The larger the conference, the more likely it is that academic publishing houses may set up displays. Large conferences also may have

126-496: A particular subject or discipline, provided they pay their membership fees. Older and more academic/professional societies may offer associateships and/or fellowships to fellows who are appropriately qualified by honoris causa , or by submission of a portfolio of work or an original thesis. A benefit of membership may be discounts on the subscription rates for the publications of the society. Many of these societies award post-nominal letters to their memberships. The membership at

147-419: A time span of about 10 to 30 minutes; presentations are usually followed by a discussion . The work may be bundled in written form as academic papers and published as the conference proceedings . Usually a conference will include keynote speakers (often, scholars of some standing, but sometimes individuals from outside academia). The keynote lecture is often longer, lasting sometimes up to an hour and

168-488: A way so that everyone has the chance to participate at day time at least once. Prospective presenters are usually asked to submit a short abstract of their presentation, which will be reviewed before the presentation is accepted for the meeting. Some organizers, and therefore disciplines require presenters to submit a paper, which is peer reviewed by members of the program committee or referees chosen by them. In some disciplines, such as English and other languages, it

189-442: Is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline , profession , or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences . Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election. Most learned societies are non-profit organizations , and many are professional associations . Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for

210-411: Is common for presenters to read from a prepared script. In other disciplines such as the sciences , presenters usually base their talk around a visual presentation that displays key figures and research results. A large meeting will usually be called a conference, while a smaller is termed a workshop. They might be single track or multiple track , where the former has only one session at a time, while

231-508: Is usually distributed using a mailing list or on specialized online services. Contributions are usually submitted using an online abstract or paper management service. Predatory conferences or predatory meetings are meetings set up to appear as legitimate scientific conferences but which are exploitative as they do not provide proper editorial control over presentations, and advertising can include claims of involvement of prominent academics who are, in fact, uninvolved. They are an expansion of

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252-804: The American Association for the Advancement of Science , specific to a given discipline, such as the Modern Language Association , or specific to a given area of study, such as the Royal Entomological Society . Most are either specific to a particular country (e.g. the Entomological Society of Israel ), though they generally include some members from other countries as well, often with local branches, or are international, such as

273-567: The COVID-19 pandemic many conferences have either temporarily or permanently switched to a virtual or hybrid format. Some virtual conferences involve both asynchronous and synchronous formats. For example, there is a mix of pre-recorded and live presentations. Because virtual or hybrid events allow people from different time zones to participate simultaneously, some will have to participate during their night-time. Some virtual conferences try to mitigate this issue by alternating their schedule in

294-969: The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions or the Regional Studies Association , in which case they often have national branches. But many are local, such as the Massachusetts Medical Society , the publishers of the internationally known The New England Journal of Medicine . Some learned societies (such as the Royal Society Te Apārangi ) have been rechartered by legislation to form quasi-autonomous non-governmental organizations . Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honor conferred by election. Some societies offer membership to those who have an interest in

315-461: The predatory publishing business model, which involves the creation of academic publications built around an exploitative business model that generally involves charging publication fees to authors without providing the editorial and publishing services associated with legitimate journals. BIT Life Sciences and SCIgen are some of the conferences labeled as predatory. Academic conferences are criticized for being environmentally unfriendly, due to

336-538: The sociology of science argue that learned societies are of key importance and their formation assists in the emergence and development of new disciplines or professions. In the form of professional associations, they can assist in the creation of pathways to leadership. The World Association in Economics provides help to the members of the WAE on the following issues: Societies can be very general in nature, such as

357-711: The amount of airplane traffic generated by them. A correspondence on Nature.com points out the "paradox of needing to fly to conferences" despite increased calls for sustainability by environmental scientists. The academic community's carbon footprint is comprised in large parts by emissions caused by air travel. Few conferences enacted practices to reduce their environmental impact by 2017, despite guidelines being widely available: An analysis of academic conferences taking place in 2016 showed that only 4% of 116 conferences sampled offered carbon offset options and only 9% of these conferences implemented any form of action to their reduce environmental impact. More conferences included

378-413: The potential of WiFi networks and mobile devices in order to enable remote participants to contribute to discussions and listen to ideas. Advanced technology for meeting with any yet unknown person in a conference is performed by active RFID that may indicate wilfully identified and relatively located upon approach via electronic tags. Conferences are usually organized either by a scientific society or by

399-769: The presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership. Some of the oldest learned societies are the Académie des Jeux floraux (founded 1323), Sodalitas Litterarum Vistulana (founded 1488), Accademia della Crusca (founded 1583), Accademia dei Lincei (founded 1603), Académie Française (founded 1635), German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (founded 1652), Royal Society (founded 1660) and French Academy of Sciences (founded 1666). Scholars in

420-528: The use of teleconferencing after the COVID-19 pandemic. In-person conferences suffer from a number of issues. Most importantly, they are fostering the existing social inequality in academia due to their inaccessibility for researchers from low income countries, researchers with care duties or researchers facing visa restrictions. Learned society A learned society ( / ˈ l ɜːr n ɪ d / ; also scholarly , intellectual , or academic society )

441-574: Was held every second year between 1991 and 2023. It then transitioned to be an annual conference. The host country changes every time and the conference has taken place on five different continents so far. An attempt is made to rotate around the world between Europe-Africa, Asia-Australia and the Americas - depending on the availability of hosts. https://iapr.org/archives/icdar2023/ Academic conference Conferences usually encompass various presentations . They tend to be short and concise, with

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