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30-564: Although the bus was created in the late 1960s to connect together automated test equipment , it also had some success during the 1970s and 1980s as a peripheral bus for early microcomputers , notably the Commodore PET . Newer standards have largely replaced IEEE 488 for computer use, but it is still used by test equipment. In the 1960s, Hewlett-Packard (HP) manufactured various automated test and measurement instruments, such as digital multimeters and logic analyzers . They developed

60-416: A "talker" and one or more devices as "listeners" without having to participate in the data transfer. It is possible for multiple controllers to share the same bus, but only one can be the "Controller In Charge" at a time. In the original protocol, transfers use an interlocked, three-wire ready–valid–accepted handshake. The maximum data rate is about one megabyte per second. The later HS-488 extension relaxes

90-726: A French manufacturer of connectors and interconnect systems based in Thyez , was acquired by Amphenol. The company manufactures D38999 connectors and is well established in the defense and aerospace markets. In May 2005, Amphenol acquired SV Microwave , a manufacturer of RF connectors, components and cable assemblies. On October 10, 2005, Teradyne and Amphenol announced that Amphenol would acquire Teradyne Connection Systems, for about USD $ 390 million in cash. TCS, based in Nashua , New Hampshire , manufactures high-density electronic connectors , complete backplanes , and systems packaging,

120-470: A French manufacturer of power busbars and power interconnect solutions. In January 2017, Amphenol acquired Phitek Ltd, a New Zealand-based manufacturer and the world's leading supplier of electronic noise-cancellation, audio enhancement and other electronic touch point devices in the aircraft cabin. In June 2017, Amphenol acquired Wilcoxon Research (US), Piezo Technologies (US) and Piher Sensors and Controls (Spain), three Industrial Sensing businesses from

150-495: A backward-compatible extension to IEEE 488.1, originally known as HS-488. It increased the maximum data rate to 8 Mbyte /s, although the rate decreases as more devices are connected to the bus. This was incorporated into the standard in 2003 (IEEE 488.1-2003), over HP's objections. In 2004, the IEEE and IEC combined their respective standards into a "Dual Logo" IEEE/IEC standard IEC 60488-1, Standard for Higher Performance Protocol for

180-561: A business started by Raj Khanijow based in Huntsville AL. Tecvox is a leader in automotive OEM USB connectivity products. Tecvox was the first automotive company to release the OEM USB based media hub and charger. On January 8, 2016, Amphenol finalized its deal to acquire FCI Asia Pte Ltd an interconnect company specializing in the telecom, datacom and wireless communications markets. In July 2016, Amphenol acquired AUXELFTG (AUXEL),

210-549: A cartridge for the C64 that provided an IEEE 488-derived interface on a card edge connector similar to that of the PET series. Eventually, faster, more complete standards such as SCSI superseded IEEE 488 for peripheral access. Electrically, IEEE 488 used a hardware interface that could be implemented with some discrete logic or with a microcontroller. The hardware interface enabled devices made by different manufacturers to communicate with

240-494: A product line that complements Amphenol's existing lines of business. In February 2008, Amphenol acquired SEFEE , a French electronic manufacturer, the next year in 2009 it acquired Jaybeam Wireless . Jaybeam Wireless became Amphenol Jaybeam and is now Amphenol Antenna Solutions. On November 15, 2013, Amphenol announced it had entered an agreement to acquire Advanced Sensors Business of GE for approx. $ 318 million. In December 2013, Amphenol acquired Tecvox OEM Solutions LLC,

270-466: A single host. Since each device generated the asynchronous handshaking signals required by the bus protocol, slow and fast devices could be mixed on one bus. The data transfer is relatively slow, so transmission line issues such as impedance matching and line termination are ignored. There was no requirement for galvanic isolation between the bus and devices, which created the possibility of ground loops causing extra noise and loss of data. Physically,

300-421: A unique address to each device on the bus. The standard allows up to 15 devices to share a single physical bus of up to 20 metres (66 ft) total cable length. The physical topology can be linear or star (forked). Active extenders allow longer buses, with up to 31 devices theoretically possible on a logical bus. Control and data transfer functions are logically separated; a controller can address one device as

330-889: Is a fiber optic company started in 1993 that specializes in the fabrication and manufacturing of fiber optic connectivity products and systems. AFSI provides solutions for communication systems based on fiber optic interconnect technology. AFSI employs over 100 people at its 50,000 square foot facility in the heart of the telecom corridor in Allen, just north of Dallas, Texas. Amphenol Cables on Demand, another division of Amphenol launched in December 2006, specializes in distributing standard cable assemblies via their e-commerce storefront. They sell more than 2500 audio, video, computer, and networking cables. Offices are located in New York, California, Florida, Toronto, and China. In 1986, Socapex ,

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360-492: Is an American producer of electronic and fiber optic connectors, cable and interconnect systems such as coaxial cables . Amphenol is a portmanteau from the corporation's original name, American Phenolic Corp. Amphenol was founded in Chicago in 1932 by entrepreneur Arthur J. Schmitt , whose first product was a tube socket for radio tubes (valveholder bases). Amphenol expanded significantly during World War II , when

390-462: Is they commonly use a "double-headed" design, with male on one side, and female on the other. This allows stacking connectors for easy daisy-chaining . Mechanical considerations limit the number of stacked connectors to four or fewer, although a workaround involving physically supporting the connectors may be able to get around this. They are held in place by screws, either 6-32 UNK (now largely obsolete) or metric M3.5×0.6 threads . Early versions of

420-523: The HP Interface Bus (HP-IB) to enable easier interconnection between instruments and controllers (computers and other instruments). This part of HP was later (c. 1999) spun off as Agilent Technologies , and in 2014 Agilent's test and measurement division was spun off as Keysight Technologies . The bus was relatively easy to implement using the technology at the time, using a simple parallel bus and several individual control lines. For example,

450-686: The HP Series 80 , HP 9800 series , the HP 2100 series, and the HP 3000 series. HP computer peripherals which did not utilize the RS-232 communication interface often used HP-IB including disc systems like the HP 7935 . Some of HP's advanced pocket calculators of the 1980s, such as the HP-41 and HP-71B series, also had IEEE 488 capabilities, via an optional HP-IL /HP-IB interface module. Other manufacturers adopted GPIB for their computers as well, such as with

480-599: The Tektronix 405x line. The Commodore PET (introduced 1977) range of personal computers connected their peripherals using the IEEE 488 bus, but with a non-standard card edge connector. Commodore's following 8-bit machines utilized a serial bus whose protocol was based on IEEE 488. Commodore marketed an IEEE 488 cartridge for the VIC-20 and the Commodore 64. Several third party suppliers of Commodore 64 peripherals made

510-648: The HP 59501 Power Supply Programmer and HP 59306A Relay Actuator were both relatively simple HP-IB peripherals implemented in TTL , without the need for a microprocessor. HP licensed the HP-IB patents for a nominal fee to other manufacturers. It became known as the General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB), and became a de facto standard for automated and industrial instrument control. As GPIB became popular, it

540-458: The IEEE 488 connectors and cabling were rugged and held in place by screws. While physically large and sturdy connectors were an advantage in industrial or laboratory set ups, the size and cost of the connectors was a liability in applications such as personal computers. Although the electrical and physical interfaces were well defined, there was not an initial standard command set. Devices from different manufacturers might use different commands for

570-613: The Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation - Part 1: General , replaces IEEE 488.1/IEC 60625-1, and IEC 60488-2, Part 2: Codes, Formats, Protocols and Common Commands , replaces IEEE 488.2/IEC 60625-2. IEEE 488 is an 8-bit , electrically parallel bus which employs sixteen signal lines — eight used for bi-directional data transfer, three for handshake , and five for bus management — plus eight ground return lines. The bus supports 31 five-bit primary device addresses numbered from 0 to 30, allocating

600-452: The company became the primary manufacturer of connectors used in military hardware, including airplanes and radios. From 1967 to 1982 it was part of Bunker Ramo Corporation . The company sells its products into diverse electronics markets, including military-aerospace, industrial, automotive, information technology, mobile phones, wireless infrastructure, broadband, medical, and pro audio. Operations are located in more than 60 locations around

630-697: The connectors and cabling that could be used with serial data transfer standards such as RS-232 , RS-485 , USB, FireWire or Ethernet. Very few mass-market personal computers or peripherals (such as printers or scanners) implemented IEEE 488. Automated test equipment Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 201820962 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 05:37:54 GMT Amphenol Amphenol Corporation

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660-430: The established 24-pin connector. HP's designers did not specifically plan for IEEE 488 to be a peripheral interface for general-purpose computers; the focus was on instrumentation. But when HP's early microcomputers needed an interface for peripherals ( disk drives , tape drives , printers , plotters , etc.), HP-IB was readily available and easily adapted to the purpose. HP computer products which used HP-IB included

690-450: The format of commands or data. In 1987, IEEE introduced Standard Codes, Formats, Protocols, and Common Commands , IEEE 488.2. It was revised in 1992. IEEE 488.2 provided for basic syntax and format conventions, as well as device-independent commands, data structures, error protocols, and the like. IEEE 488.2 built on IEEE 488.1 without superseding it; equipment can conform to IEEE 488.1 without following IEEE 488.2. While IEEE 488.1 defined

720-525: The handshake requirements, allowing up to 8 Mbyte/s. The slowest participating device determines the speed of the bus. IEEE 488 specifies a 24-pin Amphenol -designed micro ribbon connector. Micro ribbon connectors have a D-shaped metal shell, but are larger than D-subminiature connectors. They are sometimes called "Centronics connectors" after the 36-pin micro ribbon connector Centronics used for their printers. One unusual feature of IEEE 488 connectors

750-430: The hardware and IEEE 488.2 defined the protocol, there was still no standard for instrument-specific commands. Commands to control the same class of instrument, e.g. , multimeters, varied between manufacturers and even models. The United States Air Force, and later Hewlett-Packard, recognized this as a problem. In 1989, HP developed their Test Measurement Language (TML) or Test and Measurement Systems Language (TMSL) which

780-564: The same function. Some aspects of the command protocol standards were not standardized until Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) in 1990. Implementation options (e.g. end of transmission handling) can complicate interoperability in pre-IEEE 488.2 devices. More recent standards such as USB , FireWire , and Ethernet take advantage of declining costs of interface electronics to implement more complex standards providing higher bandwidth. The multi-conductor (parallel data) connectors and shielded cable were inherently more costly than

810-509: The standard suggested that metric screws should be blackened to avoid confusion with the incompatible UTS threads. However, by the 1987 revision this was no longer considered necessary because of the prevalence of metric threads. The IEC 60625 standard prescribes the use of 25-pin D-subminiature connectors (the same as used for the parallel port on IBM PC compatibles ). This connector did not gain significant market acceptance against

840-577: The world. Amphenol's world headquarters is located in Wallingford, Connecticut . The largest division of Amphenol is Amphenol Aerospace (formerly Bendix Corporation ) in Sidney , New York . This is the birthplace of the MIL-DTL-38999 cylindrical connector. Amphenol engineers also invented the commonly used BNC connector ("Bayonet Neill-Concelman"). Amphenol Fiber Systems International

870-472: Was formalized by various standards organizations . In 1975, the IEEE standardized the bus as Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation , IEEE 488; it was revised in 1978 (producing IEEE 488-1978). The standard was revised in 1987, and redesignated as IEEE 488.1 (IEEE 488.1-1987). These standards formalized the mechanical, electrical, and basic protocol parameters of GPIB, but said nothing about

900-518: Was the forerunner to Standard Commands for Programmable Instrumentation (SCPI), introduced as an industry standard in 1990. SCPI added standard generic commands, and a series of instrument classes with corresponding class-specific commands. SCPI mandated the IEEE 488.2 syntax, but allowed other (non-IEEE 488.1) physical transports. The IEC developed their own standards in parallel with the IEEE, with IEC 60625-1 and IEC 60625-2 (IEC 625), later replaced by IEC 60488-2 . National Instruments introduced

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