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27-907: [REDACTED] Look up IFA in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. IFA or Ifa may refer to: Organisations [ edit ] Economics [ edit ] Independent financial adviser , a type of financial services professional in the UK Index Fund Advisors Institute and Faculty of Actuaries , representing actuaries in the UK Institute of Actuaries , in England, Wales and Northern Ireland Faculty of Actuaries , in Scotland Institute of Financial Accountants , representing accountants in

54-587: A device to measure the interference pattern caused by differing waves Indirect Fluorescent Antibody , test Incomplete Freund's adjuvant , an antigen solution to boost the immune system In-Flight Abort, test in spaceflight industry Integrated framing assembly , a type of construction product used with Insulating concrete forms . See also [ edit ] Aífe , a character in Irish mythology Aoife , an Irish given name Ivar F. Andresen (1896–1940), Norwegian opera singer Topics referred to by

81-535: A device to measure the interference pattern caused by differing waves Indirect Fluorescent Antibody , test Incomplete Freund's adjuvant , an antigen solution to boost the immune system In-Flight Abort, test in spaceflight industry Integrated framing assembly , a type of construction product used with Insulating concrete forms . See also [ edit ] Aífe , a character in Irish mythology Aoife , an Irish given name Ivar F. Andresen (1896–1940), Norwegian opera singer Topics referred to by

108-683: A graduate school of New York University Other uses [ edit ] Ifá , a system of divination that originated in West Africa Inter-Island Ferry Authority , a ferry service in Alaska Interconnexion France-Angleterre , the HVDC Cross-Channel interconnector for the transfer of electricity between France and England Interest Flooding Attack , a denial-of-service attack Interferometer ,

135-419: A graduate school of New York University Other uses [ edit ] Ifá , a system of divination that originated in West Africa Inter-Island Ferry Authority , a ferry service in Alaska Interconnexion France-Angleterre , the HVDC Cross-Channel interconnector for the transfer of electricity between France and England Interest Flooding Attack , a denial-of-service attack Interferometer ,

162-602: A major fire at the Sellindge converter station led to the shutdown of the link. National Grid initially announced that half of the link capacity would be restored within a fortnight, with full capacity being restored in March 2022. The shutdown came at a time of high prices and supply shortage in the UK electricity market, caused by low wind speeds and high prices for natural gas. On 15 October 2021, National Grid announced that half of

189-494: A ship dragging an anchor cut four of the eight cable components, reducing capacity by 50%. Repairs were completed by the end of February 2017. The equipment occasionally faults, causing capacity to drop: in a bad year, this might happen several times. To maintain grid frequency and power, the National Grid has a variety of frequency response assets, of which market batteries are the first to respond. In September 2021,

216-407: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages IFA [REDACTED] Look up IFA in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. IFA or Ifa may refer to: Organisations [ edit ] Economics [ edit ] Independent financial adviser , a type of financial services professional in

243-501: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Interconnexion France-Angleterre The current 2,000   MW link is bi-directional and the countries can import or export depending upon market demands, mostly depending upon weather conditions and availability of renewable energy on the British Isles, and French surplus of nuclear generation or demand for electric heating. It

270-429: Is low availability of hydroelectric power. As of 2005 , imports of electricity from France have historically accounted for about 5% of electricity available in the UK. Imports through the interconnector have generally been around the highest possible level, given the capacity of the link. In 2006, 97.5% of the energy transfers were made from France to UK, supplying the equivalent of 3   million English homes. Prior to

297-546: The German Social Accident Insurance , a German research institute near Bonn International Federation on Ageing International Fertilizer Industry Association , represents the global fertilizer industry International of Anarchist Federations , L'international des Federations Anarchistes Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin , a consumer electronics trade fair Irish Farmers' Association New York University Institute of Fine Arts ,

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324-458: The German Social Accident Insurance , a German research institute near Bonn International Federation on Ageing International Fertilizer Industry Association , represents the global fertilizer industry International of Anarchist Federations , L'international des Federations Anarchistes Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin , a consumer electronics trade fair Irish Farmers' Association New York University Institute of Fine Arts ,

351-1195: The UK Index Fund Advisors Institute and Faculty of Actuaries , representing actuaries in the UK Institute of Actuaries , in England, Wales and Northern Ireland Faculty of Actuaries , in Scotland Institute of Financial Accountants , representing accountants in the UK International Fiscal Association International Forfaiting Association Sports [ edit ] Intercollegiate Fencing Association International Fistball Association Football Indian Football Association , West Bengal, India Indoor Football Alliance Intercollegiate Football Association , college football organization, 1873–1893 Iraq Football Association Irish Football Association , in Northern Ireland Islamabad Football Association Israel Football Association Other organizations [ edit ] Illinois Family Action ,

378-609: The UK International Fiscal Association International Forfaiting Association Sports [ edit ] Intercollegiate Fencing Association International Fistball Association Football Indian Football Association , West Bengal, India Indoor Football Alliance Intercollegiate Football Association , college football organization, 1873–1893 Iraq Football Association Irish Football Association , in Northern Ireland Islamabad Football Association Israel Football Association Other organizations [ edit ] Illinois Family Action ,

405-429: The link capacity would be restored within the next few days, that 75% capacity would be available between October 2022 and May 2023, and that they hoped to restore full capacity by October 2023. Since the commissioning of the 2,000   MW DC link in the 1980s, the bulk of power flow through the link has been from France to Britain. However, France imports energy as needed during the winter to meet demand, or when there

432-521: The link consist of 8   cables with lengths of 18.5 km (11.5 miles) in England, and 6.35 km (3.95 miles) in France. In common with the 1961 scheme, there is no provision to permit neutral current to flow through the sea. Although each station includes an earth electrode, this is used only to provide a neutral reference, and only one of the two electrodes is connected at a given time so that there can be no current flow between them. The system

459-854: The lobbying arm of the Illinois Family Institute in the US India Foundation for the Arts , a philanthropic organization Indo-GDR Friendship Association , in India Industrieverband Fahrzeugbau , East German vehicle manufacturer Institute for Archaeologists , in the UK Institute for Astronomy , University of Hawaii group that maintains the Mauna Kea Observatory Institute for Astronomy (Edinburgh) Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of

486-475: The lobbying arm of the Illinois Family Institute in the US India Foundation for the Arts , a philanthropic organization Indo-GDR Friendship Association , in India Industrieverband Fahrzeugbau , East German vehicle manufacturer Institute for Archaeologists , in the UK Institute for Astronomy , University of Hawaii group that maintains the Mauna Kea Observatory Institute for Astronomy (Edinburgh) Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of

513-474: The same manufacturer, the two converter stations of the 2,000   MW scheme were built by different manufacturers (although both have subsequently become part of the same parent company, Alstom ). The Sellindge converter station was built by GEC and the Les Mandarins converter station was built by CGE Alstom. This HVDC-link is 73 km (45 miles) long in route, with 70 km (43 miles) between

540-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title IFA . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IFA&oldid=1138625833 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

567-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title IFA . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IFA&oldid=1138625833 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

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594-423: The two ends. The undersea section consists of eight 46 km (29 miles) long 270   kV submarine cables , laid between Folkestone (UK) and Sangatte (France), arranged as two fully independent 1,000   MW Bipoles, each operated at a DC voltage of ±270   kV. Cables are laid in pairs in four trenches so that the magnetic fields generated by the two conductors are largely cancelled. The landside parts of

621-524: Was 160   megawatts (MW). The cable was built by ABB . Given that the cable was laid on the surface of the seabed it was prone to being fouled by fishing nets, causing damage. Whilst repairs were undertaken there was considerable down time on the circuit resulting in a loss of trading. Indeed, by 1984 the circuit was disconnected from the Main Transmission System. Because the first installation did not meet increasing requirements, it

648-450: Was built with solid-state semiconductor thyristor valves from the outset. Initially these were air-cooled and used analogue control systems, and in 2011 and 2012 respectively, the thyristor valves of Bipole 1 and Bipole 2 were replaced by modern water-cooled thyristor valves and digital control systems supplied by Alstom. This system remains the world's largest-capacity submarine cable HVDC system. In November 2016, during Storm Angus ,

675-658: Was completed in 1986, and replaced the first cross-Channel link which was a 160   MW link completed in 1961 and decommissioned in 1984. A fire in September 2021 caused the link to be removed from service. National Grid announced that half of its capacity would be restored on 20 October 2021, with full capacity being restored by October 2023. The first HVDC Cross-Channel scheme was built by ASEA and went into service in 1961, between converter stations at Lydd in England (next to Dungeness Nuclear Power Station ) and Echinghen , near Boulogne-sur-Mer , in France. This scheme

702-411: Was equipped with mercury-arc valves , each having four anodes in parallel. In order to keep the disturbances of the magnetic compasses of passing ships as small as possible, a bipolar cable was used. The cable had a length of 65 km (40 miles) and was operated symmetrically at a voltage of ±100   kV and a maximum current of 800   amperes. The maximum transmission power of this cable

729-650: Was replaced in 1975–1986 by a new HVDC system with a maximum transmission rating of 2,000   MW between France and the United Kingdom, for which two new converter stations were built in Sellindge , between Ashford and Folkestone in Kent , England and in Bonningues-lès-Calais (Les Mandarins station), near Calais , France. Unlike most HVDC schemes, where the two converter stations are built by

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