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20-413: IL-25 or IL 25 can refer to: Interleukin 25 Illinois's 25th congressional district , an obsolete district Illinois Route 25 [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
40-431: Is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells ( T h 0 cells ) to T h 2 cells . Upon activation by IL-4, T h 2 cells subsequently produce additional IL-4 in a positive feedback loop. IL-4 is produced primarily by mast cells, T h 2 cells, eosinophils and basophils. It is closely related and has functions similar to IL-13 . Interleukin 4 has many biological roles, including
60-538: Is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL25 gene on chromosome 14. IL-25 was discovered in 2001 and is made up of 177 amino acids. IL-25 is a cytokine that belongs to the IL-17 cytokine family together with IL-17A (named also IL-17), IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D and IL-17F. This is why IL-25 has the alternative name IL-17E. All members have homologous amino acid sequence segments and spatially conserved cysteines. It
80-1048: Is a complex genetic disorder that has been associated with IL-4 gene promoter polymorphism and proteins involved in IL-4 signaling. IL-4 has a significant effect on tumor progression. Increased IL-4 production was found in breast, prostate, lung, renal cells and other types of cancer. Overexpression of IL-4R has been found in many types of cancer. Renal cells and glioblastoma modify 10 000 – 13 000 receptors per cell depending on tumor type. IL-4 can primitively motivate tumor cells and increase their apoptosis resistance by increasing tumor growth. Brain tissue tumors such as astrocytoma , glioblastoma , meningioma , and medulloblastoma overexpress receptors for various growth factors including epidermal growth factor receptor , FGFR-1 ( fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 ), TfR ( transferrin receptor ), IL-13R. Most human meningiomas massively expresses IL-4 receptors, indicating its role in cancer progression. They express IL-4Rα and IL13Rα-1-1, but not
100-529: Is also referred to as the regulator of IL-9 production. IL-25 has been shown to increase the production of IL-9 in Th9 cells. Th9 cells can arise not only from naive T cells but also from differentiated Th2 cells. Another function of IL-25 is the activation of natural lymphoid cells 2 (ILC2). IL-25 and IL-33 are the most potent activators of ILC2. IL-25 induces the production of other cytokines, including IL-4 , IL-5 and IL-13 in multiple tissues, which stimulate
120-501: Is associated with allergies . Tissue macrophages play an important role in chronic inflammation and wound repair . The presence of IL-4 in extravascular tissues promotes alternative activation of macrophages into M2 cells and inhibits classical activation of macrophages into M1 cells. An increase in repair macrophages (M2) is coupled with secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β that result in a diminution of pathological inflammation. Release of arginase , proline , polyaminases and TGF-β by
140-457: Is closely related to IL-13 , and both stimulate type 2 immunity . Genes of this family have also been found in fish, both in bony fish and cartilaginous fish; because at that evolutionary level they can't be distinguished as IL-4 or IL-13, they have been named IL-4/13. This cytokine was co-discovered by Maureen Howard and William E. Paul as well as by Ellen Vitetta and her research group in 1982. The nucleotide sequence for human IL-4
160-797: Is involved in the airway inflammation observed in the lungs of patients with allergic asthma . IL-4 plays an important role in the development of certain immune disorders, particularly allergies and some autoimmune diseases. Allergic diseases are sets of disorders that are manifested by a disproportionate response of the immune system to the allergen and T h 2 responses. These pathologies include, for example, atopic dermatitis, asthma, or systemic anaphylaxis. Interleukin 4 mediates important pro-inflammatory functions in asthma, including induction of isotype rearrangement of IgE, expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), promoting eosinophilic transmigration through endothelium, mucus secretion and T helper type 2 (T h 2) leading to cytokine release. Asthma
180-463: Is necessary for its functions - as well as IL-17RB which directly bind IL-25. IL-25 is produced by many cell types. These cells include T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, epithelial cells and Paneth cells. This cytokine can induce NF-κB activation, and stimulate the production of IL-8 (named also CXCL8), which is the major chemotactic substance of neutrophils. Another important function of interleukin 25
200-509: Is the IL-25 that differs from other members in its function and structure. IL-25 signals through a heterohexameric receptor complex containing IL-17RA and IL-17RB. In this complex, IL-25 forms a homodimer with IL-17RB, which then binds to IL-17RA. The IL-17RA subunit is common for IL-17A and IL-17F, and IL-17RB is common for IL-17B. Both IL-17RA and IL-17RB are essential for IL-25 functions. IL-25 does not bind directly to IL-17RA, but this subunit
220-694: Is to support the Th2 immune response. IL-25 has been shown to induce the production of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. Evidence is the expression of IL-17RB on Th2 cells, not on Th1 and Th17. In addition, IL-25 is responsible for the decrease in IFN gamma. Because IL-25 promotes the development of a Th2 immune response, it acts to protect against several bowel infections caused by helminths. This role of IL-25 has been demonstrated in these intestinal parasites - Nippostrongylus brasiliensis , Trichuris muris , Trichinella spiralis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus bekeri. IL-25
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#1732801860961240-515: The IL-25 knockout mouse. IL-25 influences the development of nasal polyps, and may also be involved in the etiology of chronic rhinitis with nasal polyps. A 2018 study found that after using a non-neutralizing antibody against IL-25, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 decreased, and the number of nasal polyps decreased. Another proposed option of treating allergies with IL-25 is a combination of neutralizing antibodies against IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin). All three of these cytokines support
260-471: The Th2 immune response. Interleukin 4 1BBN , 1BCN , 1CYL , 1HIJ , 1HIK , 1HZI , 1IAR , 1ITI , 1ITL , 1ITM , 1RCB , 2B8U , 2B8X , 2B8Y , 2B8Z , 2B90 , 2B91 , 2CYK , 2D48 , 2INT , 3BPL , 3BPN , 3QB7 , 4YDY , 5FHX 3565 16189 ENSG00000113520 ENSMUSG00000000869 P05112 P07750 NM_000589.4 NM_021283 NP_000580 NP_758858 NP_001341919 NP_067258 The interleukin 4 ( IL4 , IL-4 )
280-427: The ability to bind both IL-4 and IL-13, two cytokines with closely related biological functions. IL-4 has a compact, globular fold (similar to other cytokines ), stabilised by 3 disulphide bonds . One half of the structure is dominated by a 4 alpha-helix bundle with a left-handed twist. The helices are anti-parallel , with 2 overhand connections, which fall into a 2-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheet . IL-4
300-519: The activated M2 cell is tied with wound repair and fibrosis . The receptor for interleukin-4 is known as the IL-4Rα . This receptor exists in 3 different complexes throughout the body. Type 1 receptors are composed of the IL-4Rα subunit with a common γ chain and specifically bind IL-4. Type 2 receptors consist of an IL-4Rα subunit bound to a different subunit known as IL-13Rα1 . These type 2 receptors have
320-634: The expansion of eosinophils . This cytokine is an important molecule controlling immunity of the gut and has been implicated in chronic inflammation associated with the gastrointestinal tract . IL-25 can kill some types of breast cancer cells. Further, the IL-25 gene has been identified in a chromosomal region associated with diseases of the gut such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), although no direct evidence suggests that IL-25 plays any role in this disease. IL-25 has potent antitumor activity in vivo in several human cancers including melanoma, breast, lung, colon, and pancreatic cancers, suggesting
340-629: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IL-25&oldid=932888188 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Interleukin 25 140806 ENSG00000166090 ENSMUSG00000040770 Q9H293 Q8VHH8 NM_172314 NM_022789 NM_080729 NP_073626 NP_758525 NP_542767 Interleukin-25 ( IL-25 ) – also known as interleukin-17E ( IL-17E ) –
360-552: The potential clinical use of IL-17E as an anticancer agent. IL-25 works pathologically in allergies. It is a cytokine that supports the Th2 response. IL-25 induces IL-4, IL-5 a IL-13, cytokines which play important role in allergies. Many studies suggest that blocking IL-25 activity might be useful in the treatment of allergies. Research studies suggest the blocking of IL-25 activity by the neutralizing antibody against IL-25. A delayed Th2 differentiation and delayed production of cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 have been demonstrated in
380-420: The stimulation of activated B cell and T cell proliferation , and the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells . It is a key regulator in humoral and adaptive immunity . IL-4 induces B cell class switching to IgE , and up-regulates MHC class II production. IL-4 decreases the production of T h 1 cells , macrophages, IFNγ , and dendritic cells IL-12 . Overproduction of IL-4
400-567: Was isolated four years later confirming its similarity to a mouse protein called B cell stimulatory factor-1 (BCSF-1). IL-4 has been found to mediate a crosstalk between the neural stem cells and neurons that undergo neurodegeneration, and initiate a regeneration cascade through phosphorylation of its intracellular effector STAT6 in an experimental Alzheimer's disease model in adult zebrafish brain. IL-4 has also been shown to drive mitogenesis , dedifferentiation , and metastasis in rhabdomyosarcoma . IL-4, along with other Th2 cytokines,
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