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36-519: The IP code or ingress protection code indicates how well a device is protected against water and dust. It is defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission  (IEC) under the international standard IEC 60529 which classifies and provides a guideline to the degree of protection provided by mechanical casings and electrical enclosures against intrusion, dust , accidental contact, and water . It

72-624: A combination of public and private sector, and some are private sector only. About 90% of those who prepare IEC standards work in industry. IEC Member countries include: In 2001 and in response to calls from the WTO to open itself to more developing nations, the IEC launched the Affiliate Country Programme to encourage developing nations to become involved in the commission's work or to use its International Standards. Countries signing

108-453: A distance of 0.15–0.2 meters (5.9 in – 7.9 in). The specific requirements for the test nozzle are shown in figures 7, 8, & 9 of IEC (or EN) 60529. This test is identified as IPx9 in IEC 60529. Water volume: 14–16 liters per minute (0.051–0.059 impgal/s) Pressure: 8–10 MPa (80–100 bar) at distance of 0.10–0.15 meters (3.9 in – 5.9 in) Water temperature: 80 °C (176 °F) (All tests with

144-485: A fee from DIN Media GmbH (formerly Beuth Verlag), the European Court of Justice (ECJ) decided on March 5, 2024, that these must be made available free of charge because these standards are part of European Union law. How DIN creates standards is not transparent. The majority of the standardization committees consist of representatives of the companies that are affected by the standards. DIN does not publish

180-495: A historical study on the 1970's standardization, which is difficult because the experts preparing the original standards are likely retired or deceased. This table shows what each digit or part of the IP code represents. The first digit indicates the level of protection the enclosure provides against access to hazardous parts (e.g., electrical conductors, moving parts) and the ingress of solid foreign objects. The second digit indicates

216-452: A pledge to participate in the work and to encourage the use of IEC Standards in national standards and regulations are granted access to a limited number of technical committee documents for the purposes of commenting. In addition, they can select a limited number of IEC Standards for their national standards' library. Countries participating in the Affiliate Country Programme are: Deutsches Institut f%C3%BCr Normung Founded in 1917 as

252-754: Is also available as EN 60034. Standards developed jointly with ISO, such as ISO/IEC 26300 ( Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) v1.0 ), ISO/IEC 27001 ( Information technology, Security techniques, Information security management systems, Requirements ), and ISO/IEC 17000 series, carry the acronym of both organizations. The use of the ISO/IEC prefix covers publications from ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 – Information Technology , as well as conformity assessment standards developed by ISO CASCO (Committee on conformity assessment) and IEC CAB (Conformity Assessment Board). Other standards developed in cooperation between IEC and ISO are assigned numbers in

288-1038: Is an international standards organization that prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical , electronic and related technologies – collectively known as " electrotechnology ". IEC standards cover a vast range of technologies from power generation, transmission and distribution to home appliances and office equipment, semiconductors, fibre optics, batteries, solar energy , nanotechnology , and marine energy, as well as many others. The IEC also manages four global conformity assessment systems that certify whether equipment, system or components conform to its international standards. All electrotechnologies are covered by IEC Standards, including energy production and distribution, electronics, magnetics and electromagnetics , electroacoustics , multimedia , telecommunications and medical technology , as well as associated general disciplines such as terminology and symbols, electromagnetic compatibility, measurement and performance, dependability, design and development, safety and

324-487: Is conducted for 10 minutes. b) is conducted (without shield) for 5 minutes minimum. Water volume: 12.5 litres per minute Pressure: 30 kPa (4.4 psi) at distance of 3 meters (9.8 ft) Water volume: 100 liters per minute (0.37 impgal/s) Pressure: 100 kPa (15 psi) at distance of 3 meters (9.8 ft) Water volume: 75 liters per minute (0.27 impgal/s) Pressure: 1,000 kPa (150 psi) at distance of 3 meters (9.8 ft) Tested with

360-557: Is conducted for 5 minutes, then repeated with the specimen rotated horizontally by 90° for the second 5-minute test. Test b) is conducted (with a shield in place) for 5 minutes minimum. Test duration: 1 minute per square meter for at least 5 minutes Water volume: 10 liters per minute (0.037 impgal/s) Pressure: 50–150 kPa (7.3–21.8 psi) For an oscillating tube: Test duration: 10 minutes Water volume: 0.07 liters per minute (0.00026 impgal/s) per hole a) an oscillating fixture, or b) A spray nozzle with no shield. Test a)

396-456: Is made up of members, called national committees, and each NC represents its nation's electrotechnical interests in the IEC. This includes manufacturers, providers, distributors and vendors, consumers and users, all levels of governmental agencies, professional societies and trade associations as well as standards developers from national standards bodies. National committees are constituted in different ways. Some NCs are public sector only, some are

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432-419: Is protected against insertion of fingers and will not become unsafe during a specified test in which it is exposed to vertically or nearly vertically dripping water. IP22 or IP2X are typical minimum requirements for the design of electrical accessories for indoor use. The digits indicate conformity with the conditions summarized in the tables below. The digit 0 is used where no protection is provided. The digit

468-552: Is published in the European Union by the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization  (CENELEC) as EN 60529. The standard aims to provide users more detailed information than vague marketing terms such as waterproof . For example, a cellular phone rated at IP67 is "dust resistant" and can be "immersed in 1 meter of freshwater for up to 30 minutes". Similarly, an electrical socket rated IP22

504-653: Is published online as the Electropedia . The CISPR ( Comité International Spécial des Perturbations Radioélectriques ) – in English, the International Special Committee on Radio Interference – is one of the groups founded by the IEC. Currently, 89 countries are IEC members while another 85 participate in the Affiliate Country Programme, which is not a form of membership but is designed to help industrializing countries get involved with

540-542: Is recognised by the German government as the official national-standards body, representing German interests at the international and European levels. The acronym , 'DIN' is often incorrectly expanded as Deutsche Industrienorm ("German Industry Standard"). This is largely due to the historic origin of the DIN as "NADI". The NADI indeed published their standards as DI-Norm ( Deutsche Industrienorm ). For example,

576-422: Is replaced with the letter X when insufficient data has been gathered to assign a protection level. The device can become less capable; however, it cannot become unsafe. There are no hyphens in a standard IP code. IPX-8 (for example) is thus an invalid IP code. In the original IEC 60529 standard from year 1976, the letters IP are used without providing an explanation, and referred as "characteristic letters". In

612-609: Is shareholder of DIN Bauportal GmbH and DQS Holding GmbH . The designation of a DIN standard shows its origin (# denotes a number): Some of the DIN standards date back to the time of Nazi Germany . For example, standard DIN 5009 , which describes the German Phonetic spelling code , is based on the postal spelling table, that was heavily edited by the Nazis. Until 1934 it specified "D" for David, "S" for Samuel, "Z" for Zacharias and "N" for Nathan. However, this went against

648-529: The Normenausschuß der deutschen Industrie (NADI, "Standardisation Committee of German Industry"), the NADI was renamed Deutscher Normenausschuß (DNA, "German Standardisation Committee") in 1926 to reflect that the organization now dealt with standardization issues in many fields; viz., not just for industrial products. In 1975 it was renamed again to Deutsches Institut für Normung , or 'DIN' and

684-574: The American Institute of Electrical Engineers , and others, which began at the 1900 Paris International Electrical Congress, , with British engineer R. E. B. Crompton playing a key role. In 1906, Lord Kelvin was elected as the first President of the International Electrotechnical Commission. The IEC was instrumental in developing and distributing standards for units of measurement, particularly

720-510: The DIN rail . DIN SPEC 3105 , published in 2020, is "the first German standard to be published under an open license ( CC-BY-SA 4.0 ) [...] to implement an open standardisation process". DIN is a nonprofit organization by German law. The nonprofit owns DIN Solutions GmbH , which produces the DIN contents and DIN Media (formerly Beuth Verlag ), which sells the DIN-standard manuals. DIN

756-714: The gauss , hertz , and weber . It was also first to promote the Giorgi System of standards, later developed into the SI , or Système International d'unités (in English, the International System of Units). In 1938, it published a multilingual international vocabulary to unify terminology relating to electrical, electronic and related technologies. This effort continues, and the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary

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792-406: The 80000 series, such as IEC 82045–1. IEC Standards are also being adopted by other certifying bodies such as BSI (United Kingdom), CSA (Canada), UL & ANSI / INCITS (United States), SABS (South Africa), Standards Australia , SPC / GB (China) and DIN (Germany). IEC standards adopted by other certifying bodies may have some noted differences from the original IEC standard. The IEC

828-697: The IEC. Originally located in London , United Kingdom, the IEC moved to its current headquarters in Geneva , Switzerland in 1948. It has regional centres in Africa ( Nairobi , Kenya), Asia ( Singapore ), Oceania ( Sydney , Australia), Latin America ( São Paulo , Brazil) and North America ( Worcester, Massachusetts , United States). The work is done by some 10,000 electrical and electronics experts from industry, government, academia, test labs and others with an interest in

864-584: The Nazis' ethnic-racial ideology and they decided to revise the letter board. The postal spelling table was partially revised in 1950 and formed the basis for the first version of the standard in 1983. The standard was revised again in 2022, using city names instead of person names. DIN standards are not freely accessible to the public. DIN sells subscriptions with the descriptions of the DIN-standards via DIN Solutions GmbH and DIN Media . For four EN standards, which are available as DIN-EN standards for

900-818: The U.S., the National Electrical Manufacturers Association defines NEMA enclosure types in NEMA standard number 250. The following table outlines which IEC 60529 IP code each respective NEMA guideline meets. Ratings between the two standards are not directly equivalent: NEMA ratings also require additional product features and tests (such as functionality under icing conditions, enclosures for hazardous areas , knock-outs for cable connections and others) not addressed by IP ratings. International Electrotechnical Commission The International Electrotechnical Commission ( IEC ; French : Commission électrotechnique internationale )

936-678: The environment. The first International Electrical Congress took place in 1881 at the International Exposition of Electricity , held in Paris. At that time the International System of Electrical and Magnetic Units was agreed to. The International Electrotechnical Commission held its inaugural meeting on 26 June 1906, following discussions among the British Institution of Electrical Engineers ,

972-522: The first published standard was ' DI-Norm 1 ' (about tapered pins ) in 1918. Many people still mistakenly associate DIN with the old DI-Norm naming convention. One of the earliest, and probably the best known, is DIN 476 — the standard that introduced the A-series paper sizes in 1922 — adopted in 1975 as International Standard ISO 216 . Common examples in modern technology include DIN and mini-DIN connectors for electronics, and

1008-683: The letter "K" are defined by ISO 20653 (replacing DIN 40050-9) and are not found in IEC 60529, except for IPx9, which is the same as the IP69K water test.) For the protection of equipment specific to: The letter K is specified in ISO 20653 (replacing DIN 40050-9) and not in IEC 60529. DIN 40050-9 extended the newer IEC 60529 rating system with an IP69K rating for high-pressure, high-temperature wash-down applications. Enclosures conforming with ISO 20653:2013 must be both dust-tight (IP6X) and able to withstand high-pressure and steam cleaning. The IPx9K standard

1044-536: The level of protection that the enclosure provides against harmful ingress of water. The ratings for water ingress are not cumulative beyond IPX6. A device compliant with IPX7 (covering water immersion) is not necessarily compliant with IPX5 or IPX6 (covering exposure to water jets). A device that meets both tests is indicated by listing both tests separated by a slash, e.g. IPX5/IPX7. Water equivalent to 1 mm (0.039 in) rainfall per minute Water equivalent to 3 mm (0.12 in) rainfall per minute Test a)

1080-468: The lowest point of the enclosure 1,000 mm (39 in) below the surface of the water, or the highest point 150 mm (5.9 in) below the surface, whichever is deeper. Depth specified by the manufacturer, generally up to 3 meters (9.8 ft) Smaller specimens rotate slowly on a turntable from 4 specific angles. Larger specimens are mounted in the intended position when used, no turntable required, and are tested freehand for at least 3 minutes at

1116-464: The next editions of the standard, from years 1989 and 1999 respectively, the IP is explained to denote "international protection" on both French and English pages. According to the Finnish national committee of the IEC, one possibility is that the abbreviation is a combination of English word ingress and French word pénétration which stands for ingress, but finding the correct answer would require doing

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1152-505: The range 60000–79999 and their titles take a form such as IEC 60417: Graphical symbols for use on equipment . Following the Dresden Agreement with CENELEC the numbers of older IEC standards were converted in 1997 by adding 60000, for example IEC 27 became IEC 60027. Standards of the 60000 series are also found preceded by EN to indicate that the IEC standard is also adopted by CENELEC as a European standard; for example IEC 60034

1188-467: The same spray test as IPx9K, but also includes, in Figure 10 of the standard, a drawing for a test fixture designed to verify the correct water pressure. The test specifies a spray nozzle that is fed with 80 °C (176 °F) water at 8–10  MPa (80–100  bar ; 1,200–1,500  psi ) and a flow rate of 14–16 litres per minute (3.7–4.2 US gal/min). The nozzle is held 10–15 cm from

1224-741: The subject. IEC Standards are often adopted as national standards by its members. The IEC cooperates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) . In addition, it works with several major standards development organizations, including the IEEE with which it signed a cooperation agreement in 2002, which was amended in 2008 to include joint development work. IEC Standards that are not jointly developed with ISO have numbers in

1260-502: The tested device at angles of 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° for 30 seconds each. The test device sits on a turntable that completes a rotation once every 12 seconds (5  rpm ). The IPx9 specification details a freehand method for testing larger specimens that will not fit on a turntable (see table above). The free hand method also requires (at least) one additional minute of spray time (1 min/m, 3 min. minimum). The test distance also increases to .175 m (0.15–0.2 m per section 14.2.9). In

1296-423: Was originally developed for road vehicles—especially those that need regular intensive cleaning (dump trucks, concrete mixers, etc.)—but it also finds use in other areas, such as food processing machinery and car wash systems. It was superseded by ISO 20653:2013 Road Vehicles-Degrees of protection (IP code), and complemented by the addition of a level 9 water ingress testing to IEC 60529, which includes essentially

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