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25-692: The International Rice Research Institute ( IRRI ) is an international agricultural research and training organization with its headquarters in Los Baños, Laguna , in the Philippines , and offices in seventeen countries. IRRI is known for its work in developing rice varieties that contributed to the Green Revolution in the 1960s which preempted the famine in Asia. The institute, established in 1960 aims to reduce poverty and hunger, improve

50-443: A "green revolution", promising nearly one-half of humanity the prospect of suffficiency in its staple food. Additionally, IRRI received the 2010 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the category of Development Cooperation. This was awarded for the organization's contribution to "reducing poverty and hunger in the world by means of rice research and farmer training", and "for the quality of its research work, which has led to

75-813: A global partnership of organizations engaged in research on food security . It is also the largest non-profit agricultural research center in Asia. IRRI was established in 1960 with the support of the Ford Foundation , the Rockefeller Foundation , and the Government of the Philippines . An International treaty titled: Agreement Recognising the International Legal Personality of the International Rice Research Institute

100-641: A set of long-term field experiments at Rothamsted Research in England, some of which are still running as of 2018. In the United States, a scientific revolution in agriculture began with the Hatch Act of 1887 , which used the term "agricultural science". The Hatch Act was driven by farmers' interest in knowing the constituents of early artificial fertilizer. The Smith–Hughes Act of 1917 shifted agricultural education back to its vocational roots, but

125-642: A training center. The land is owned by the University of the Philippines Los Baños and is leased to the institute. It also houses the International Rice Genebank and Riceworld Museum. The International Rice Genebank holds more than 127,000 accessions of rice and wild relatives and is the biggest collection of rice genetic diversity in the world. The International Network for Genetic Evaluation of Rice (INGER)

150-612: Is an annual award was established in 1957 by the trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund based in New York City, with the concurrence of the Philippine government, to "perpetuate former Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay 's example of integrity in governance, courageous service to the people, and pragmatic idealism within a democratic society". This award is Asia's highest honor and widely regarded as

175-889: Is an especially common malady that can cause blindness and increases the risk of death from disease. Children are particularly vulnerable; according to the World Health Organization , "An estimated 250,000 to 500,000 vitamin A-deficient children become blind every year, half of them dying within 12 months of losing their sight". In August 2013, anti- genetically modified organism protestors broke into IRRI's research facilities and destroyed field trials of golden rice. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation supports IRRI in its development of golden rice. IRRI's website states that their research themes consist of: THEME 1: Harnessing genetic diversity to chart new productivity, quality, and health horizons THEME 2: Accelerating

200-887: Is being led in Asia by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), in Africa by the Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), and in Latin America by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). Bas Bouman was announced as the new Director for GRiSP, effective from 1 September 2012, and replacing Achim Dobermann. In August 2011, a yield potential workshop was held at CIAT in Colombia. Scientists explored

225-409: Is pursuing the development of " golden rice ". Geneticists inserted two genes into the rice plant that allows it to produce beta carotene , which makes its grains yellow. Because the human body converts beta carotene to vitamin A , golden rice has the potential to dramatically improve the lives of millions of people around the world, particularly in Africa and Southeast Asia, where vitamin A deficiency

250-689: The Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP) was launched, which IRRI leads in Asia, the Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice) leads in Africa, and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) leads in Latin America. It aims to "dramatically improve the ability of rice farmers to feed growing populations in some of the world's poorest nations". In 1969, IRRI was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for International Understanding. The Ramon Magsaysay Award

275-400: The 2011 GRiSP Asia Review and Global Forum where GRiSP Director and IRRI Deputy Director General for Research Achim Dobermann said that there was substantial progress across GRiSP's themes in Asia during 2011, highlighting the global gene discovery work. The promise of new varieties resistant to multiple abiotic stresses such as flooding and salinity, better water and pest management strategies,

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300-544: The Asian equivalent to the Nobel Prize . The Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation posited that IRRI represented "the first coordinated international attempt in the tropics to solve a major problem of world agriculture", while also stating: Distilling more than three millennia of accumulated insight in cultivating man's leading cereal crop, the International Rice Research Institute, with its creation of "miracle rice", inaugurated

325-679: The Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) and L'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), as well as Japan through the Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), were critical establishing partners. GRiSP now claims to have more than 900 partners worldwide from the public and private sector. Most recently, Singapore announced financial support for international rice research positioning itself as an important GRiSP partner. GRiSP

350-631: The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and BGI (formerly known as the Beijing Genomics Institute ) have "identified the exact genetic makeup of more than 3,000 different families of rice for the first time in what is being heralded as a major advancement in rice science." For five decades, IRRI has provided a place for scientists and future leaders in rice research to learn. Since 1964, over 15,000 scientists have undergone training at IRRI to conduct rice research. IRRI

375-647: The IRRI has secured the effective dissemination of its innovations with the resultant increase in production of this basic crop. There are scheduled shuttle buses (mainly for employees and quantity depend on the timing, usually only one) that move back and forth from the UPLB campus to the IRRI lobby and three other buildings for free. IRRI's headquarters in the Philippines is located on a 252 hectares (620 acres) experimental farm with modern laboratories and glasshouses, and

400-501: The development of new rice varieties adapted to different cropping areas in Asia and providing improved yield and sustainability across multiple climate regimes". IRRI was nominated for the award by Japan's National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies . The award jury also pointed to: IRRI's success in transferring the results of its research, by working with local teams and organizations in Asian and sub-Saharan countries and making its varieties freely available to farmers. By this means,

425-431: The development, delivery, and adoption of improved rice varieties THEME 3: Ecological and sustainable management of rice-based production systems THEME 4: Extracting more value from rice harvests through improved quality, processing, market systems, and new products THEME 5: Technology evaluations, targeting, and policy options for enhanced impact THEME 6: Supporting the growth of the global rice sector Additionally,

450-494: The health of rice farmers and consumers, and ensure environmental sustainability of rice farming. It advances its mission through collaborative research, partnerships, and the strengthening of the national agricultural research and extension systems of the countries IRRI works in. IRRI is one of 15 agricultural research centers in the world that form the CGIAR Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers ,

475-560: The importance of steady and incremental yield gains in Latin America, but delivering this through modern rice breeding techniques. In September 2011, the AfricaRice hosted the GRiSP Africa Science Forum. AfricaRice Deputy Director General and Director of Research for Development Marco Wopereis said that there was an increasing shift to a more demand/market-driven research in Africa. In October 2011, IRRI hosted

500-440: The organisation describes their expertise as including: conserving, understanding, sharing, and using rice genetic diversity; breeding and delivering new varieties; developing and sharing improved crop and environmental management practices; adding to the economic and nutritional value of rice; broadening our impact by supporting strategic policy and market development; and facilitating large-scale adoption of technologies. In 2010,

525-429: The parts of exact, natural, economic and social sciences that are used in the practice and understanding of agriculture . Professionals of the agricultural science are called agricultural scientists or agriculturists . In the 18th century, Johann Friedrich Mayer conducted experiments on the use of gypsum (hydrated calcium sulfate ) as a fertilizer . In 1843, John Bennet Lawes and Joseph Henry Gilbert began

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550-416: The scientific foundation had been built. For the next 44 years after 1906, federal expenditures on agricultural research in the United States outpaced private expenditures. Agriculture, agricultural science, and agronomy are closely related. However, they cover different concepts: Agricultural sciences include research and development on: Global Rice Science Partnership France , through

575-553: Was created by IRRI in 1975 as the International Rice Testing Program IRTP. INGER accepts accessions and then holds, multiplies, and distributes them to researchers without restriction, including restriction on commercial use. IRRI has offices in the following rice growing countries in Asia and Africa: Agricultural science Agricultural science (or agriscience for short ) is a broad multidisciplinary field of biology that encompasses

600-560: Was estimated that 60% of the world's rice area was planted to IRRI-bred rice varieties or their progenies. A report published by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research in 2011 assessed the impact of IRRI's breeding work in three countries in South East Asia between 1985 and 2009. It found IRRI's breeding work delivered an annual benefit of US$ 1.46 billion and boosted rice yields up to 13%. IRRI,

625-521: Was tabled in Manila on 19 May 1995 . IRRI is well known for its contribution to the "Green Revolution" movement in Asia during the late 1960s and 1970s, which involved the breeding of "semi-dwarf" varieties of rice that were less likely to lodge (fall over). IRRI's semi-dwarf varieties, including the famous IR8 , saved India from famine in the 1960s. The varieties developed at IRRI, known as IR varieties, are well accepted in many Asian countries. In 2005, it

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