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45-562: After years of work by the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) to adopt a declaration to eliminate discrimination against women, in 1965, CSW began working in earnest to obtain passage of a declaration to secure women's human rights. Collating responses covering education, employment, inheritance, penal reform, and other issues, from government actors, NGO representatives and UN staff, CSW delegates drafted

90-671: A Dream: The Story of Hadassah (1997), by Marlin Levin, " Bernice [Tannenbaum] asked [President Ronald] Reagan to publicly repudiate the U.N. resolution. He agreed and promised that the U.S. delegation would walk out of Nairobi if the Zionism-equals-racism resolution was included in the final conference declaration." Tannenbaum also convinced the United States Senate to condemn the conference resolution and demand its withdrawal. She also personally flew to Kenya with

135-691: A draft of the Senate resolution, where Maureen Reagan , President Reagan's daughter and the head of the American delegation, repeated the president's promise to withdraw from the conference if the resolution was included in the final conference delegation. Kenya then brokered a compromise in which Zionism was omitted from the final conference report. A conference on 'Women and Politics' was held in September, attended by 700 women. The events of IWY in Canada as

180-465: A four-year term 2018–2022. One of the new members is Saudi Arabia , which has been criticised for its treatment of women . UN agencies actively followed their mandates to bring women into development approaches and programs and conferences. Women participate at the prepcoms, design strategy, hold caucus meetings, network about the various agenda items being negotiated in various committees, and work as informed lobbyists at conferences themselves. The CSW

225-501: A majority of women delegates. During its first session, the Commission declared as one of its guiding principles: to raise the status of women, irrespective of nationality, race, language or religion, to equality with men in all fields of human enterprise, and to eliminate all discrimination against women in the provisions of statutory law , in legal maxims or rules, or in interpretation of customary law. One of UNCSW's first tasks

270-497: A range of contraceptives as alternatives to abortion as well as quality abortion after care. The Platform also presents a safe, healthy pregnancy as a human right which is to be attained through quality resources and healthcare available to all women regardless of economic status. Some scholars have argued that the Platform served to complicate issues of adolescent sexual care and complications resulting from HIV and AIDS . Since

315-449: A result of the international focus on Women in 1975, a number of institutions were established: The IWY also launched the "dove" emblem used by the IWY, CEDAW, and UNIFIL. A stylized dove intersected by a female symbol and an equal sign, the emblem was donated by then 27-year-old New York City advertising company graphic designer Valerie Pettis. It remains the official symbol of UN Women and

360-499: A special emphasis on reproductive rights through its legislation regarding family planning, which states that it is the right of all women "to be informed and to have access to safe, effective, affordable and acceptable methods of family planning of their choice, as well as other methods of their choice for regulation of fertility which are not against the law." Specifically, the Platform urges state governments to reevaluate punitive measures placed on abortion , provide family planning and

405-591: A whole raised awareness with Canadian women as well as the general public on a wide range of women's issues and accomplishments. It spurred the creation of the Ontario Women and the Law Association and the Service, Office and Retail Workers’ Union of Canada (SORWUC) and offered funding for many to participate in educational and artistic endeavors aimed at presenting women's perspectives. One such effort

450-564: Is one of the commissions of the UN that do not limit participation to states only. For example, NGOs are also allowed to participate in sessions of the CSW, attending caucuses and panels and organizing their own parallel events through the NGO Committee on the Status of Women, New York ( NGO CSW/NY ). This is particularly important for contested territories such as Taiwan , which is not a member of

495-648: Is used in International Women's Day celebrations to this day. [REDACTED] Media related to International Women's Year at Wikimedia Commons United Nations Commission on the Status of Women The Commission on the Status of Women ( CSW or UNCSW ) is a functional commission of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), one of the principal organs of the United Nations . CSW has been described as

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540-1031: The Greater Cleveland Congress , October. One of the most significant US events, because it was funded by the US government, was held in Houston, Texas and though planned as an IWY event, did not take place until 1977. The 1977 National Women's Conference included women from each state in the United States and developed a National Plan of Action, mirroring many of the points of the World Plan of Action. The then Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had inaugurated National Women's Day and International Women's Year event jointly sponsored by 50 women's organizations at NDMC Indoor Stadium New Delhi in India on Basant Panchami Sunday February 16, 1975. As

585-829: The Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities , established in 1992. The academy's numerous institutes were dissolved on December 31, 1991 and partially reorganized into other organizations such as the Leibniz Association , the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres , the Max Planck Society and the Fraunhofer Society . A number of minor institutes and associated projects have been preserved and were transferred to other institutions such as

630-542: The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), which entered into force in 1981. This convention stipulated that with regards to reproductive rights , reproduction "should not be a basis for discrimination". It also acknowledges the social implications of motherhood, and states that childcare and maternity protection are integral rights and should be extended to all realms of

675-572: The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) be quickly ratified. The 1985 third conference in Nairobi , Kenya , not only closed the decade of women but set a series of member state schedules for removal of legislated gender discrimination in national laws by the year 2000. The 1975 Mexico City Conference was attended by over a thousand delegates. Prominent attendees included Elizabeth Reid and Margaret Whitlam of Australia. The International Women's Year Tribune

720-669: The Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (DEDAW), which was passed by the General Assembly on 7 November 1967. Once support had been garnered for the declaration, the next step was to prepare it to become a Convention . Though there were delays, by 1972, when the United States Congress passed Title IX , eliminating discrimination in education for any institution receiving federal funding, hope that passage could be secured surged. In

765-705: The German Archaeological Institute . The German Academy of Sciences at Berlin was the successor to the Brandenburg Society of Sciences , which had been founded by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in the year 1700. After the end of World War II, it was re-established upon the SMAD Order No. 187 of July 1, 1946, Leibniz's 300th birthday. The Academy was to become the most eminent scientific institution in Germany. Reorganisation

810-516: The death of Mahsa Amini and the violent crackdown against human rights protesters in Iran. This was the first time a member had been expelled over its treatment of women in the history of the commission. East German Academy of Sciences The German Academy of Sciences at Berlin , German : Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (DAW) , in 1972 renamed the Academy of Sciences of

855-676: The Assistant Secretary-General for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs and placed in charge of organizing events for the year. The first UN World Conference on Women was held in Mexico City from 19 June to 2 July. The 1975 conference led to the adoption of the World Plan of Action , as well as the Declaration of Mexico on the Equality of Women and Their Contribution to Development and Peace . It led to

900-452: The CSW has drafted several conventions and declarations, including the Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in 1967 and women-focused agencies such as UNIFEM and INSTRAW . The commission's priority theme for its 57th session (57th session) was the "elimination and prevention of all forms of violence against women and girls". Ahead of that, an Expert Group Meeting (EGM): prevention of violence against women and girls

945-573: The CSW reaffirmed their prioritization of their sexual education, reproductive rights, and reproductive justice for all women including the use of modern family planning options (including a range of contraceptive options) through publishing their 2014 Declaration of Agreements. In December 2022, the Islamic Republic of Iran was expelled from membership of the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women, following

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990-633: The Crimes Against Women was planned as an event for IWY but was not held until 4 to 8 March 1976 in Brussels , Belgium. Limited by funding strictures, the conference hosted 2000 women from forty countries. Speakers addressed economic exploitation and violence against women in its many forms. The most significant development to come out of the conference was the International Feminist Network . The 1975 conference

1035-695: The DAW was also the host organization of a scientific community of non-academic research institutes. Upon German reunification , the Academy's learned society was dissociated from its research institutes and any other affiliates and eventually dissolved in 1992. Since 1993, activities of the AdW's members and college have been continued by the newly established Leibniz Scientific Society (Leibniz-Sozietät der Wissenschaften). The AdW's pending and unfinished research projects and holdings were forwarded to and are carried out by

1080-531: The Fourth World Conference for Action, better known as the 1995 Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action . This followed three other conferences addressing the needs and rights of women around the world. The Beijing Platform has been hailed by the Center for Reproductive Rights as "the most comprehensive articulation of international commitments related to women’s human rights." It places

1125-646: The GDR ( Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR (AdW) ), was the most eminent research institution of East Germany (German Democratic Republic, GDR). The academy was established in 1946 in an attempt to continue the tradition of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Brandenburg Society of Sciences , founded in 1700 by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz . The academy was a learned society (scholarship society), in which awarded membership via election constituted scientific recognition. Unlike other academies of science,

1170-458: The UN organ promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women. Every year, representatives of member states gather at United Nations Headquarters in New York to evaluate progress on gender equality, identify challenges, set global standards and formulate concrete policies to promote gender equality and advancement of women worldwide. In April 2017, ECOSOC elected 13 new members to CSW for

1215-456: The UN structure. As part of the Cold War politics, the United States then proposed that the conference not be limited to women, but should be gender-neutral, because an all-woman conference would not be taken seriously. Finally, Mexico City agreed to host the conference, and CSW set about the tasks to prepare the "machinery" necessary to secure passage of CEDAW. Helvi Sipilä , was selected as

1260-630: The UN. In the past few years, NGOs from Taiwan (such as the National Alliance of Taiwan Women's Associations ) have been able to participate in the CSW sessions. CSW consists of one representative from each of the 45 member states elected by ECOSOC on the basis of equitable geographical distribution: 13 members from Africa; 11 from Asia; 9 from Latin America and Caribbean; 8 from Western Europe and other States and 4 from Eastern Europe. Members are elected for four-year terms. Among its activities,

1305-659: The electorate to have mostly East Germans elected to the academy in the following decades. The institution became the most eminent academy of the German Democratic Republic , and was accordingly renamed Academy of Sciences of the GDR (Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR - AdW) in 1972, once the division of Germany was accepted as the state of affairs. In the 1980s, the AdW itself had grown to accommodate over 200 members, including around two dozen West German scientists. The academy coordinated research of 59 institutes that employed 22,000 persons. Following

1350-716: The establishment of monitoring mechanisms such as, International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW) and the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) and set in motion plans for follow-up conferences, the first of which would be held in 1980 in Copenhagen . It established the period of 1975 to 1985 as the UN Decade for Women , to enable progress and failures to be evaluated and resulted in urging that

1395-543: The fall of the Berlin Wall, academy members called for a reform of the academy, rejecting the leading role of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany . On 27 June 1990, the new GDR government reorganized the academy, turning it into a public institution. Until late 1991, the former AdW institutes were separated from the academy, evaluated, and either dissolved or assigned to different organisations, mainly

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1440-478: The international arena. This was achieved through a variety of means, most commonly through attempts to collect data that showed discrimination occurring against women. In conjunction with the emerging global women's movement , the UN and the CSW named 1976 through 1985 the United Nations Decade for Women . During this time, reproductive rights were included in the central action of the commission,

1485-553: The lives of women. CEDAW is the only international human rights treaty that overtly references family planning. It states that it is a human right for women "to decide freely and responsibly on the number and spacing of their children and to have access to the information, education and means to enable them to exercise these rights", and any state party to the treaty is required to provide education on family planning and reproductive rights, including various forms of contraception. Forced abortion or sterilization constitute violations to

1530-542: The meantime, members of the Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF) had long been pressing for an international women's year and conference to address women's inequality. As WIDF was designated as an observer and not a member of the CSW, they could not propose the event directly but drafted a proposal. Persuading the Romanian delegate of CSW to present their proposal, it was seconded by Finland. In turn, CSW approved

1575-532: The new millennium, the CSW has also taken action to integrate reproductive rights into the international arena through the creation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), specifically goal 5, which is achieving universal access to reproductive health. In 2005, the UN added a provision to MDG 5 which aimed to "achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health," determined by the prevalence of contraceptives, adolescent birth rates,

1620-573: The notion that women's rights should fall under a separate area designated by gender, but instead should be governed by the United Nations Human Right's position. Angela Davis was one of the key guests at the conference, as was Hortensia Bussi de Allende , former First Lady of Chile . The state-sponsored program advocated women's solidarity in the national struggles to free women from oppression based on class, race and gender through state socialism. The International Tribunal on

1665-598: The proposal and submitted it to the General Assembly, which proclaimed 1975 as International Women's Year on 18 December 1972. The date was significant because it would take place on the thirtieth anniversary of the creation of the United Nations. But there were problems with the conference. Initially, Soviet women rejected the call for a conference and filibustered the negotiations, preferring to host their own conference in East Berlin that would not be subject to

1710-400: The treaty. The United States has failed to ratify CEDAW. In addition to CEDAW, the CSW has undertaken several other efforts to address reproductive rights. Throughout this time, the Commission hosted four global conferences on women to address issues including reproductive rights. The locations were Mexico City in 1975, Copenhagen in 1980, and Nairobi in 1985. In 1995, the Commission held

1755-483: The use of prenatal care, and the failure to access family planning methods. The agreements published from the 57th session in 2013 of the CSW also mentions the importance of reproductive rights as human rights and access to safe reproductive care as a means to resolve violence against women. The Declaration also understands this care as a means of prevention of future violence, acknowledges systematic factors and how they influence care and reproductive rights. More recently,

1800-646: Was a petition to the National Film Board of Canada which led to the creation of Studio D. The University of Guelph hosted a conference in September dedicated to Nellie McClung and the reform issues which had been important to her. In June a United Women's Convention was held in Wellington . Events in support of IWY were held throughout the United States by private organizations and NGOs, such as those held in Connecticut , 11–12 June 1977 and

1845-621: Was also notable for passing the first " Zionism is racism" resolution passed at any UN-sponsored forum, thus preparing the way for United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 in 1975 the following November. A statement equating Zionism with racism was also included in an annex to a report to be considered at the final conference of the United Nations Decade for Women in 1985 in Nairobi, Kenya. However, as stated in It Takes

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1890-677: Was also organized by the conference committee and attended by 4,000 women in 1975. The World Congress of Women was held in East Berlin as a part of IWY soon after the Mexico City event. It idealized women's equality as the "true embodiment of the socialist conception of human rights". The Working Group on Equal Rights, composed of experts on government and law from the East German Academy of Sciences , Humboldt University and Socialist United Party Central Committee rejected

1935-598: Was greatly influenced by the ideas of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union . To facilitate publishing, the Akademie Verlag was founded in 1946. The 250th anniversary in 1950 was boycotted by West Germany in protest of the overwhelming influence of the East German authorities. The Socialist Unity Party of East Germany had embraced the two-nation doctrine and increasingly enforced its will upon

1980-651: Was held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 17 to 20 September 2012. The UNCSW was established in 1946 as a mechanism to promote, report on and monitor issues relating to the political, economic, civil, social and educational rights of women. It was a unique official structure for drawing attention to women's concerns and leadership within the UN. UNCSW first met at Lake Success, New York , in February 1947. All 15 government representatives were women, which distinguished UNCSW from other UN movements, and UNCSW has continued to maintain

2025-673: Was to contribute to the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights . Commission members inserted gender-sensitive language — arguing against references to "men" as a synonym for humanity and phrases like "men are brothers". They received resistance from members of the Commission on Human Rights , but succeeded in introducing new, inclusive language . The first session (1947) had 15 members/delegates in attendance, all women: The commission began working after its founding in 1946 to directly introduce women's rights to

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