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20-641: Indomptable was designed by naval engineer Jacques-Noël Sané and laid down in Brest in September 1788. She was launched on 20 December 1790, and completed in February 1791. Between 1793 and 1794, she was under Bruix . Her first engagement was on 29 May 1794 against HMS  Barfleur and HMS  Orion during the Glorious First of June campaign. Following the battle, the dismasted Indomptable

40-525: A student engineer in 1758 and joined the naval construction academy in Paris in 1765, graduating on 1 October 1766 as an assistant engineer. In 1767, he worked under Ollivier the Elder on naval ships, and with Antoine Choquet de Lindu on merchant ships. In 1769, he embarked on the fluyt Seine , bound for Martinique with four scows and a dredger of his design. Promoted to engineer in 1774, he designed

60-520: A type of corvette that remained in service until the end of the sailing navy. The same year, Napoléon required a collection of accurate ship models to document the French Navy; Denis Decrès tasked Sané with the project, known as the Trianon model collection , for which 13 models were specially created and 6 others collected and upgraded. His plans for 18-pounder frigates were adopted in 1810;

80-564: The Annibal -class 74-gun , comprising Annibal and Northumberland . He then worked on several 12-pounder frigates . During the War of American Independence , Navy minister Sartine , his successor Castries , and engineer Borda requested standard plans to standardise the production of 18-pounder frigates (equivalent to the British fifth-rate ), 74-gun ships of the line (equivalent to

100-600: The Académie de Marine . In April 1779, he arrived in Saint-Malo for the construction of the Hébé -class Vénus , a 12-pounder 38-gun frigate. He furthermore drew the plans of the frigates Aigle , Cléopâtre , Thisbé and Dryade . In 1789, he was promoted to sub-director of naval constructions. In 1793, as director of Brest Harbour, he decided to raze the older ships Brutus , Pluton and Argonaute . He

120-532: The battle of Algeciras in 1801 when she was again badly damaged. In 1802 and 1803, she served in Toulon under Admiral Latouche Tréville . On 17 January 1805, she went to sea under Admiral Villeneuve , together with ten other ships of the line and eight frigates, and on 20 January the fleet sailed for the French Caribbean. Off Cadiz, the fleet was joined by the 74-gun Aigle , and six Spanish ships of

140-553: The British third-rate ), 80-gun two-deckers (without equivalent: similar to a third-rate, but longer than a second-rate and with comparable firepower), and 118-gun three-deckers (equivalent to the British first-rate ). Sané won three successive competitions: In 1784, Sané had his only child, Amélie Fanny Gabrielle; she would later marry Captain Delarue de la Gréardière , and die in December 1812. On 18 June 1787, Sané joined

160-627: The British fleet near Cape Trafalgar . Indomptable was in the Spanish line between San Justo and Santa Ana at the opening of the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October 1805. She engaged Vice-Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood's flagship HMS  Royal Sovereign off her lee beam as she approached, then raked William Hargood 's HMS  Belleisle as that ship passed Indomptable ' s stern. Later, she engaged HMS  Revenge , HMS  Dreadnought and HMS  Thunderer , losing her place in

180-480: The French Navy have been named Sané after Jacques-Noël Sané. The class of 2004 of the École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne was named in his honour. HMS Conqueror (1801) HMS Conqueror was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 23 November 1801 at Harwich . She was designed by Sir John Henslow as part of the middling class of 74s, and

200-671: The French-Spanish fleet, Admiral Villeneuve , aboard the French ship Bucentaure (80 guns). However, he was not able to deliver Villeneuve's sword to the Conqueror as she had passed on to engage another ship and it was received by the captain of Mars . Villeneuve, who spoke English, is alleged to have asked to whom he was surrendering. On being told it was Captain Pellew of the Conqueror , he replied "I am glad to have struck to

220-654: The line and frigates fielded by the French Navy in the 1780s, which served during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars and in some cases remained in service into the 1860s. Captured ships of his design were commissioned in the Royal Navy and even copied. His achievements earned Sané the nickname of " naval Vauban ." Born in Brest in a family of sailors, Sané became

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240-529: The line but regrouping behind the Spanish flagship Principe de Asturias . Downwind of the British and effectively out of range, Indomptable turned towards the bay of Cadiz. At about two in the morning of 22 October, her crew heard distress calls from the French ship Bucentaure which had struck a reef off Santa Catalina fort. The ship's boat was run out and brought alongside Bucentaure , whose crew requested an anchor and hawsers to secure their vessel. This became impractical as Bucentaure settled deeper onto

260-565: The line under Vice-Admiral Federico Gravina . When the fleet reached the West Indies, Villeneuve sent Commodore Cosmao-Kerjulien with the Pluton and the Berwick to attack the British position on Diamond Rock , which surrendered on 2 June . Villeneuve returned to Europe on hearing that Horatio Nelson had arrived in the West Indies. On 22 July 1805, in the battle of Cape Finisterre

280-404: The previous night, and two men from HMS  Conqueror who had been aboard Bucentaure as prize crew . Around 150 men survived the wreck, including just two of the twenty-four officers on board. Jacques-No%C3%ABl San%C3%A9 Jacques-Noël Sané (18 February 1740, Brest – 22 August 1831, Paris ) was a French naval engineer. He was the creator of standardised designs for ships of

300-456: The quartermasters of Indomptable spotted the British fleet under Sir Robert Calder . After a violent artillery exchange, the fleets became separated in the fog. Exhausted after six months at sea, the fleet anchored in Ferrol before sailing to Cádiz to rest and refit. With his command under question and planning to meet the British fleet to gain a decisive victory, Villeneuve left Cádiz and met

320-498: The rocks and began to sink: instead, Indomptable ' s boats began ferrying sailors off the vessel and back to their own. Rescue efforts continued until mid-afternoon on 23 October, by which time Bucentaure was completely submerged. On the night of 25/26 October, a storm broke Indomptable ' s anchor chains and she was carried onto rocks offshore from Cadiz. Contemporary accounts estimate between 1,000 and 1,400 people were on board, including around 500 rescued from Bucentaure

340-602: The same year, he was made a Baron of Empire . Under the Restoration, Sané was awarded the Order of Saint Michael . In 1820, aged 80, he was made president of the Commission de Paris , although he never involved himself in the upcoming steamship revolution. The first steamer of the French Navy, Sphinx , entered service in 1829. Sané died in Paris on 22 August 1831, aged 91. Sané was responsible for Three ships of

360-655: Was made a member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1796, and naval construction inspector on 7 July 1798, responsible for the coast of the Atlantic and of the English Channel; his duty comprised inspection of the harbours and selection of timbers from the forests in the Pyrenees . In 1800, Sané was made General inspector for naval engineering, an office he would retain until 1817. In 1807, Sané designed

380-483: Was the only ship built to her draught. Whereas the common class carried 28 18-pounder guns on their upper gun decks, the middling class carried 30, and only ten 9-pounder guns on their quarterdecks instead of the 12 of the common class. She fought at Trafalgar under the command of Captain Israel Pellew , brother of Sir Edward Pellew . Pellew's captain of marines took the surrender of the overall commander of

400-688: Was towed back to Brest by Brutus . In 1795, she served in the Mediterranean under Admiral François Joseph Bouvet and took part in the landing attempt in Ireland planned by General Louis Lazare Hoche . In 1801, she was engaged in the campaign in Egypt , but was unable to break the English blockade and stayed in Toulon . Other elements of the fleet managed to reach Elba . Indomptable fought in

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