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57-719: The Inman Line was one of the three largest 19th-century British passenger shipping companies on the North Atlantic, along with the White Star Line and Cunard Line . Founded in 1850, it was absorbed in 1893 into American Line . The firm's formal name for much of its history was the Liverpool, Philadelphia and New York Steamship Company , but it was also variously known as the Liverpool and Philadelphia Steamship Company, as Inman Steamship Company, Limited, and, in

114-560: A Titanic crew member, John Coffey, a native of Cobh, left the ship at this time, thereby saving his life. 123 passengers boarded at Cobh, with only 44 surviving the sinking. Cobh was earlier a major embarkation port for men, women and children who were deported to penal colonies such as Australia. The Scots Church has since 1973 housed the Cobh Museum which holds records of such deportations in ships' log books. The Scots Church (a Presbyterian church until its 1969 closure) overlooks

171-581: A local act . In 1899, under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 , this body became an urban district council . It was renamed Cobh Urban District in 1920. In 2002, under the Local Government Act 2001 , it became Cobh Town Council. In 2014, this local government body was abolished. Since then, the town has fallen within the responsibility of Cork County Council . Cobh Municipal District, one of eight municipal districts in

228-654: A figure in medieval Irish legend. Great Island was called Oileán Ard Neimheidh (the high or important island of Neimheidh). According to legend, one of the first colonists of Ireland was Neimheidh , who landed in Cork Harbour over 1,000 years BC. He and his followers were said to have been wiped out in a plague, but the Great Island was known in Irish as Oilean Ard Neimheadh because of its association with him. Later it became known as Crich Liathain because of

285-404: A fort, later to become known as Cove Fort , to the east of the village. The settlement was first referred to as Cove village in 1750 by Smith the historian who said: "it was inhabited by seamen and revenue officials". The Cork directory of 1787 shows about thirty businesses in the town, including one butcher and one draper. The Water Club established at Haulbowline in 1720 was the progenitor of

342-589: A gym, two playing pitches, a training pitch and a rubber training surface. The Cobh Pirates Ladies team was formed circa 2010. The most noted football team in the area is Cobh Ramblers , where Roy Keane started-out before transferring to English side Nottingham Forest , and Stephen Ireland started his career with the club's underage, Springfield Ramblers. Cobh Ramblers play in the League of Ireland First Division , with home games at St Colman's Park . Cobh Golf Club has an 18-hole championship course at Marino on

399-619: A line of sailing packets owned by John Grubb Richardson and his brothers along with their young business partner, William Inman (1825–81). In 1850, Inman persuaded his partners to form the Liverpool and Philadelphia Steamship Company and buy an advanced new ship, City of Glasgow . She proved profitable because her iron hull required less repair, and her screw propulsion system left more room for passengers and freight. City of Glasgow ' s moderate speed considerably reduced coal consumption. The ship's first voyage for her new owners departed for Philadelphia on 17 December 1850. The next year, she

456-636: A stock company and renamed the Inman Steamship Company, Limited. The next year, Inman and White Star agreed to coordinate their sailings to reduce competition. When the 1869 mail contracts expired, the UK Post Office ended both Cunard and Inman's subsidies and paid on the basis of weight, but at a rate substantially higher than paid by the US Post Office. Cunard's weekly New York mail sailings were reduced to one and White Star

513-612: A subsidy, Inman was paid sea postage . Two years later Inman's New York contract was extended for seven years at an annual subsidy of £35,000, half that of Cunard's subsidy of £70,000 for two weekly New York mail sailings. In 1870, Inman landed 44,100 passengers in New York, almost twice Cunard's 24,500, although Cunard still carried substantially more first-class passengers. Throughout the 1870s, Inman's passage times were shorter than Cunard's. City of Brussels of 1869 beat Scotia ' s eastbound record and in 1875 City of Berlin won

570-471: A while, but it soon became known as a health resort; many patients stayed here for their health because of the temperate climate. Amongst their number was Charles Wolfe , who wrote "The Burial of Sir John Moore After Corunna". Wolfe's body is buried in the Old Church Cemetery outside the town. One of the major transatlantic Irish ports, the town was the departure point for 2.5 million of

627-574: Is a boys' primary school in the town, and has reached the Sciath na Scoil finals (in hurling and gaelic football ) on several occasions. Cobh GAA is the local GAA club, and has a centre for gaelic games at Carrignafoy. Cobh Pirates RFC are the town's rugby union club, and compete at underage and other levels. The club celebrated its 125th anniversary in 2015. They play their home games at 'The Paddocks' in Newtown, where facilities include

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684-399: Is a seaport town on the south coast of County Cork , Ireland . With a population of 14,418 inhabitants at the 2022 census , Cobh is on the south side of Great Island in Cork Harbour and home to Ireland's only dedicated cruise terminal . Tourism in the area draws on the maritime and emigration legacy of the town. Facing the town are Spike and Haulbowline islands. On a high point in

741-440: Is compared to standard shipping, the price of which typically includes only the expenses incurred by the shipping company in transferring the object from one place to another. Customs fees, import taxes and other tariffs may contribute substantially to this base price before the item ever arrives. Cobh Cobh ( / ˈ k oʊ v / KOHV ,   Irish : An Cóbh ), known from 1849 until 1920 as Queenstown ,

798-522: Is held every year around August, and includes onstage performances from local musicians and performers as well as a pageant to decide the 'Regatta Queen'. The festival typically ends with a fireworks display over the harbour. Cobh was the setting for the 2009 Connor McPherson film The Eclipse , and also used as a filming location for the 1999 movie Angela's Ashes . Cobh has several primary and secondary schools, including Colaiste Muire secondary school and Carrignafoy Community College. Scoil Iosaef Naofa

855-414: Is one of two termini for Cork Commuter Services . The other is Midleton . Regular commuter services run between Cork city and Cobh , calling at, among others, Fota railway station , Carrigaloe railway station , and Rushbrooke railway station , along the way. Trains run every day and the journey time to Cork is under 25 minutes. Cobh railway station opened, as Queenstown station, on 10 March 1862 and

912-431: Is shipped under a single contract but performed using at least two different modes of transport (e.g. ground and air). Cargo may not be containerized. Multimodal transport featuring containerized cargo (or intermodal container ) that is easily transferred between ship, rail, plane and truck. For example, a shipper works together with both ground and air transportation to ship an item overseas. Intermodal freight transport

969-402: Is transported by air in specialized cargo aircraft and in the luggage compartments of passenger aircraft. Air freight is typically the fastest mode for long-distance freight transport, but it is also the most expensive. Cargo is exchanged between different modes of transportation via transport hubs , also known as transport interchanges or Nodes (e.g. train stations, airports, etc.). Cargo

1026-400: Is typically more affordable than air, but more expensive than sea, especially in developing countries , where inland infrastructure may not be efficient. In air and sea shipments, ground transport is required to take the cargo from its place of origin to the airport or seaport and then to its destination because it is not always possible to establish a production facility near ports due to

1083-522: Is used to plan the route and carry out the shipping service from the manufacturer to the door of the recipient. The Incoterms (or International Commercial Terms) published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) are accepted by governments, legal authorities, and practitioners worldwide for the interpretation of the most commonly used terms in international trade. Common terms include: The term "best way" generally implies that

1140-562: The Delaware River . Until 1857, the firm ran a fortnightly service from Liverpool. That same year Collins Line collapsed, and Inman succeeded it as the mail contractor for the United States Post Office . In 1859, a call at Queenstown was added to pick up Irish emigrants. The next year Inman ran a weekly service, increasing in 1863 to three sailings every fortnight, and twice a week during summer in 1866. With

1197-564: The 21st century, a number of new developments were completed, such as a new retail park at Ticknock in 2008, and a leisure centre (with 25m swimming pool) in August 2007. In 2010, tours of Spike Island commenced, with tours leaving from Kennedy Pier, near the town centre. Outside of the Dublin metropolitan area, Cobh is one of the few towns in Ireland served by a commuter train service. The town

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1254-587: The 6 million Irish people who emigrated to North America between 1848 and 1950. On 11 April 1912, as Queenstown, it was the final port of call for the Titanic before she set out across the Atlantic on the last leg of her maiden voyage . She was assisted by the P.S. America and the P.S. Ireland , two ageing White Star Line tenders , along with several other smaller boats delivering first-class passengers' luggage. Some sources and local lore suggest that

1311-585: The Atlantic ( Sirius 1838), which sailed from Passage West . Another ship to be associated with the town, the Cunard passenger liner RMS  Lusitania , was sunk by a German U-boat off the Old Head of Kinsale while en route from the US to Liverpool on 7 May 1915. 1,198 passengers died, while 700 were rescued. The survivors and the dead alike were brought to Queenstown, and the bodies of over 100 who perished in

1368-517: The Blue Riband by taking the westbound record. In 1871 both companies faced a new rival when White Star Line joined the Atlantic ferry with the revolutionary RMS  Oceanic and her sisters. The new White Star record breakers were especially economical because of their use of compound engines. Oceanic consumed only 58 tons of coal per day, compared with 110 tons for City of Brussels . White Star also set new standards for comfort by placing

1425-699: The Coast of Ireland station, met the senior American officer, Commander Joseph Taussig , at the dock and inquired as to how soon the weatherbeaten American ships could be put to use. "We're ready now, sir!" was the widely quoted answer from the American. The United States Navy established U.S. Naval Air Station Queenstown in February 1918. It operated flying boats during the last months of WW1, and closed in April 1919. Due to its tactical military importance, under

1482-534: The French led to the town, then usually known as Ballyvoloon or The Cove of Cork, being developed as a British naval port assigned an admiral. Many of the present-day buildings date from this time of build-up. George Brodrick, 5th Viscount Midleton engaged the English architect Decimus Burton to improve the streetscape and buildings during the 1840s. The eventual cessation of hostilities dented Cobh's prosperity for

1539-536: The US Congress agreed to replace the contract and allow Inman to register its two new record breakers in the US if International Navigation built two similar express liners in US yards. Therefore, on 22 February 1893 the US flag was broken out over the two newest Inman vessels and the company merged into the American Line . The Inman fleet—all of which built for Inman unless otherwise indicated—consisted of

1596-537: The celebrated City of Paris of 1866, the company ordered five express liners that matched the speed of Cunard's best. In 1867, responsibility for mail contracts was transferred from the Admiralty to the Post Office and opened for bid. Inman was awarded one of the three weekly New York mail services and the fortnightly route to Halifax , Nova Scotia formerly held by Cunard. While Cunard continued to receive

1653-553: The county, is represented by six elected councillors. As of the 2019 local election , these include 1 Labour Party , 2 Fine Gael , 1 Fianna Fáil , 1 Green Party and 1 independent councillor. The town is part of the Dáil constituency of Cork East . The Sirius Arts Centre is a hub for the arts in Cobh and is located on the waterfront. It hosts cultural events and music concerts both in-house and around Cobh. The Cobh Peoples Regatta

1710-416: The dining saloon midships and doubling the size of cabins. Inman reacted quickly, bringing its express liners back to the shipyards for compound engines and other changes to match the new White Star liners, while Cunard lagged behind. The Panic of 1873 started a five-year shipping depression that strained the finances of Inman and its rivals. To raise more capital, the partnership was restructured in 1875 as

1767-1161: The disaster lie buried in the Old Church Cemetery just north of the town. The Lusitania Peace Memorial is located in Casement Square, in front of the Arch Building housing the Cobh Library and Tourist Information Centre. During the First World War , Queenstown was a naval base for British and American destroyers operating against the U-boats that preyed upon Allied merchant shipping. Q-ships (heavily armed merchant ships with concealed weaponry, designed to lure submarines into making surface attacks) were called Q-ships precisely because many were, in fact, fitted out in Queenstown. The first division of American destroyers arrived in May 1917, and

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1824-670: The emigrant trade. To restore its fortunes, Inman ordered City of Rome , which was designed as the largest and fastest liner yet. Unfortunately the ship failed to meet her design specifications and was rejected in 1882 after only six voyages. William Inman died before the ship's maiden voyage and the company suffered without his leadership. In 1883, City of Brussels was lost in the Mersey after colliding with another steamship. Meanwhile, Cunard renewed its mail fleet with four exceptional steel-hulled liners. Needing capital to match its rivals, Inman directors agreed to voluntary liquidation so that

1881-646: The following ships, presented in order of acquisition. List sourced from In 1873, Alfred E. Warren wrote a theme for the line, called the Inman Line March . Unusually, it was written in 6/8 despite being a march. Shipping In 2015, 108 trillion tonne-kilometers were transported worldwide (anticipated to grow by 3.4% per year until 2050 (128 Trillion in 2020)): 70% by sea, 18% by road, 9% by rail, 2% by inland waterways and less than 0.25% by air. Land or "ground" shipping can be made by train or by truck (British English: lorry ). Ground transport

1938-493: The harbour from where so many departed. A significant shipbuilding industry was developed in the town. The remnants of the Verolme Shipyard today maintain many of the original cranes and hoists now forming part of industrial and maritime heritage. The age of steam brought Cobh association with several milestones, including the first steam ship to sail from Ireland to England (1821) and the first steamship to cross

1995-536: The harbour. International upheaval led to Cobh undergoing rapid development in the early 19th century. Due to the natural protection of its harbour setting, the town became important as a tactical centre for naval military base purposes, never more so than at the time of the Napoleonic Wars . Today, the Irish Naval Service headquarters is on Haulbowline Island facing Cobh. The wars against

2052-719: The harbour. Another important employer in Cobh was the Dutch-owned Verolme Cork Dockyard, in Rushbrooke . It opened in 1960 but ceased operations in the mid-1980s. In 1981 the MV Leinster was built at Verolme for service on the Dublin – Holyhead route. The last ship built at Verolme was the Irish Naval Service's LÉ Eithne (P31) . Ship repair work is still carried at Rushbrooke using the drydock and slip way carriages. In

2109-661: The largest creditor, the Philadelphia-based International Navigation Company could buy Inman's assets. The line was reorganized as the Inman and International Steamship Company, and its new owners provided the capital to build two outstanding record breakers, the twin-screw City of New York and City of Paris . However, the UK government responded to the ownership change by revoking Inman's mail contract. After considerable lobbying,

2166-504: The last few years before absorption, as the Inman and International Steamship Company. By embracing new technology, Inman Line became the first to show that unsubsidized ocean liners could profitably cross the North Atlantic. With its first steamer, City of Glasgow of 1850, Inman led the drive to replace wood-hulled paddle steamers with iron-hulled screw-propelled ships. In 1852, Inman established that steerage passengers could be transported in steamships. Inman's City of Paris of 1866

2223-560: The limited coastlines of countries. Much freight transport is done by cargo ships . An individual nation's fleet and the people that crew it are referred to as its merchant navy or merchant marine. According to a 2018 report from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) , merchant shipping (or seaborne trade) carries 80-90% of international trade and 60-70% by value. On rivers and canals , barges are often used to carry bulk cargo . Cargo

2280-512: The new firm in 1854 when the company lost both City of Glasgow with all hands and the brand new City of Philadelphia , albeit with no loss of life. The remaining liner, the City of Manchester , was chartered to the French government for the Crimean War , along with three more liners that were completed or bought in 1855. The Richardsons withdrew from the firm because of its involvement with

2337-567: The powerful Uí Liatháin kingdom, who ruled in the area from Late Antiquity into the early 13th century. The island subsequently became known as Oilean Mor An Barra (the Great Island of Barry & Barrymore), after the Barry family who inherited it. The village on the island was known in English as Ballyvoloon, overlooking "The Cove". In 1743, the Dublin Castle administration built

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2394-653: The present Royal Cork Yacht Club (RCYC, now based in Crosshaven) and is the oldest yacht club in the world. The RCYC was based for many years in Cobh and the present Sirius Arts Centre used to be a clubhouse of the RCYC organisation. In 1966, the RCYC merged with the Royal Munster Yacht Club, retaining the name of the RCYC but moving its headquarters to those of the RMYC at Crosshaven at the other side of

2451-478: The sailors who served on those vessels were the first American servicemen to see combat duty in the war. When that first convoy arrived in port after enduring a rough passage in what were little more than open boats, its members were met by a crowd of sailors and townspeople, thankful for their anticipated help towards stopping the U-boats that were blockading western Europe. Admiral Sir Lewis Bayly , commander of

2508-477: The same piece of equipment and avoiding multiple transactions, trans-loading, and cross-docking without interim storage. International DTD is a service provided by many international shipping companies and may feature intermodal freight transport using containerized cargo . The quoted price of this service includes all shipping, handling, import and customs duties, making it a hassle-free option for customers to import goods from one jurisdiction to another. This

2565-442: The ship required 100 days to make the crossing. From the beginning, Inman provided better steerage quarters and adopted the recommendation of a Parliamentary Committee to provide cooked meals to emigrants. As a result, Inman was able to charge steerage rates of 8 guineas , while the fastest sailing packets charged 4 to 6 guineas. During the period, Inman liners typically carried 500 passengers, 80 per cent in steerage. Disaster struck

2622-441: The shipper will choose the carrier that offers the lowest rate (to the shipper) for the shipment. In some cases, however, other factors, such as better insurance or faster transit time, will cause the shipper to choose an option other than the lowest bidder. Door-to-door ( DTD or D2D ) shipping refers to the domestic or international shipment of cargo from the point of origin (POI) to the destination while generally remaining on

2679-466: The streetscape and piers still much the same. Facing the town are Spike Island and Haulbowline Island . The latter is the headquarters of the Irish Naval Service , formerly a British naval base. Cobh was home to Ireland's only steelworks, the former state-owned Irish Steel works which was closed by its buyer, Ispat International , in 2001. There is a controversy over the slag heap on the steelworks, where there are concerns that it may be leaching into

2736-573: The terms of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty , the port remained a UK sovereign base within the Irish Free State after 1922. Along with the other Treaty Ports , it was handed over to the government of the Irish Free State in 1938. Tourism is a large employer in Cobh. Large cruise liners visit Cobh each year, mainly during the summer months, although many of the tourists are transported out of Cobh by bus to other tourist destinations. In all, almost 100,000 cruise liner passengers and crew arrive in

2793-707: The town each year when their ships berth right in the centre of the town at the Republic of Ireland's only dedicated cruise terminal. Tourist attractions are focused on the maritime and emigration legacy of the town and include the Queenstown Story at the Cobh Heritage Centre , Titanic Experience, Titanic Trail walking tour, Cobh Museum, Cobh Road Train, Spike Island tours and St Colman's Cathedral. The town has remained largely unchanged since RMS Titanic departed from Cork Harbour in 1912, with

2850-660: The town stands St Colman's , the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cloyne . It is one of the tallest buildings in Ireland , standing at 91.4 metres (300 ft). The village on Great Island was known as "Ballyvoloon", a transliteration of the Irish Baile Ui-Mhaoileoin (English: "O'Malone's town"), while the Royal Navy port, established in the 1750s, became known as "The Cove of Cork" or "Cove". The combined conurbation

2907-472: The war, and William Inman assumed full control. At the end of the war, Inman resumed service to Philadelphia. However, New York was the principal passenger arrival port in North America, and Inman soon altered its service routing. The firm's name was changed to the Liverpool, Philadelphia and New York Steam Ship Company, but all ships were routed to New York after its SS Kangaroo was trapped by ice in

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2964-528: Was awarded the third mail sailing. Every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, a liner from one of the three firms departed Liverpool with the mail for New York. Inman reduced its fleet so that only the express liners remained. Profits still dropped in as new competitors sought the Blue Riband such as the National Line and the Guion Line , and numerous steamship concerns from mainland Europe competed for

3021-429: Was built at Belvelly in 1803 at one of the narrowest points in the channels around Great Island. In 1993 a Cross River Ferry was established which allowed cars and passengers to travel from Glenbrook near Monkstown to Carrigaloe on the Great Island. The crossing from Glenbrook to Carrigaloe takes four minutes and runs daily. Reservations are not required. In 1862, Queenstown Town Commissioners were established by

3078-539: Was joined by a larger edition, City of Manchester . In 1852, the Inman broke new ground by transporting steerage passengers under steam. As Irish Quakers , the Richardsons were concerned about the poor conditions experienced by U.S.-bound emigrants, who traveled by sailing ship with unpredictable passage times. Steerage passengers were required to bring their own food, and often ran short. In 1836, Diamond lost 17 of her 180 steerage passengers to starvation when

3135-681: Was renamed c.  1925 . The nearest airport is Cork Airport , which can be reached in 20–30 minutes from Cobh via the R624 road and the N25 road . The Port Operations Centre for Cork Harbour is located in the town. The port's harbour pilot launches are based at the Camber - a pier and dock area at the eastern end of the town. Currently there is only a single road (the R624) and road bridge that leads onto Great Island. This road bridge, Belvelly Bridge,

3192-570: Was renamed to "Queenstown", in 1849, during a visit by Queen Victoria . The name was changed to Cobh , during the Irish War of Independence , following the passing of a motion by the local administrative council on 2 July 1920. Cobh is a Gaelicisation of the English name Cove, and it shares the same pronunciation. It has no meaning in the Irish language. In ancient times the area was known as Cuan an Neimheadh (the Harbour of Neimheidh ),

3249-562: Was the first screw liner that could match the speed of the paddlers. By 1870, Inman landed more passengers in New York than any other line. In 1886, the US-owned International Navigation Company bought the company. The new owners began updating the express fleet with two Blue Riband winners, City of New York and the second City of Paris , ushering in the double-screw era that ended the need for auxiliary sails. The Inman Line had its roots in

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