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21-530: Initially, the title was applied to the head of any monastery. After 1874, when the Russian monasteries were reformed and classified into three classes, the title of hegumen was reserved only for the lowest, third class. The head of a monastery of the second or first class holds the rank of archimandrite . In the Greek Catholic Church , the head of all monasteries in a certain territory is called

42-596: A superior abbot ( hegumenos , Greek : ἡγούμενος , present participle of the verb meaning "to lead") whom a bishop appointed to supervise several "ordinary" abbots and monasteries , or as the abbot of some especially great and important monastery. In the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches , "archimandrite" is most often used purely as a title of honor (with no connection to any actual monastery) and

63-443: A superior abbot ( hegumenos , Greek : ἡγούμενος , present participle of the verb meaning "to lead") whom a bishop appointed to supervise several "ordinary" abbots and monasteries , or as the abbot of some especially great and important monastery. In the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches , "archimandrite" is most often used purely as a title of honor (with no connection to any actual monastery) and

84-462: A monastic priest possess a university degree in theology before he is elevated to the rank of archimandrite. Sometimes, the requirement is waived if the priest can show outstanding achievement in other academic fields, such as the humanities or science. An archimandrite who does not function as an abbot has the style "The Very Reverend Archimandrite" whilst one with abbatial duties uses the style "The Right Reverend Archimandrite". The word occurs in

105-462: A monastic priest possess a university degree in theology before he is elevated to the rank of archimandrite. Sometimes, the requirement is waived if the priest can show outstanding achievement in other academic fields, such as the humanities or science. An archimandrite who does not function as an abbot has the style "The Very Reverend Archimandrite" whilst one with abbatial duties uses the style "The Right Reverend Archimandrite". The word occurs in

126-513: Is bestowed on a hieromonk as a mark of respect or gratitude for service to the Church. This title is only given to those priests who have been tonsured monks, while distinguished non-monastic (typically married) priests would be given the title of archpriest . The term archimandrite derives from the Greek: the first element from ἀρχι- archi- meaning "highest" or from archon "ruler"; and

147-408: Is bestowed on a hieromonk as a mark of respect or gratitude for service to the Church. This title is only given to those priests who have been tonsured monks, while distinguished non-monastic (typically married) priests would be given the title of archpriest . The term archimandrite derives from the Greek: the first element from ἀρχι- archi- meaning "highest" or from archon "ruler"; and

168-658: Is not used in the capacity of an Abbot, although the monasteries' abbots used to be Hegumen until the beginning of the 20th century, but by the mid century, the Church of Alexandria started to appoint Bishops in the capacity of Abbots . On the other hand, the rank of archimandrite fell into disuse in the Church of Alexandria from the late 16th century. Archimandrite The title archimandrite ( / ˌ ɑːr k ɪ ˈ m æ n d r aɪ t / ; Greek : ἀρχιμανδρίτης , romanized :  archimandritēs ), used in Eastern Christianity , originally referred to

189-861: The Regula Columbani (c. 7), and du Cange gives a few other cases of its use in Latin documents, but it never came into vogue in the West; yet, owing to intercourse with Greek and Slavonic Christianity, the title sometimes appears in southern Italy and Sicily, and in Croatia, Hungary and Poland. From 1979, there is at least one exemplar in Britain. archimandrite The title archimandrite ( / ˌ ɑːr k ɪ ˈ m æ n d r aɪ t / ; Greek : ἀρχιμανδρίτης , romanized :  archimandritēs ), used in Eastern Christianity , originally referred to

210-528: The Russian Orthodox Church organized its monasteries and ranked them in one of three classes, awarding only the abbots at the head of monasteries of the second or first class the title of archimandrite. Abbots of third class monasteries were to be styled "hegumen". In the Russian tradition, an archimandrite wears a mitre . Churches under the spiritual jurisdiction of the four ancient Eastern Orthodox Patriarchates generally require that such

231-453: The Russian Orthodox Church organized its monasteries and ranked them in one of three classes, awarding only the abbots at the head of monasteries of the second or first class the title of archimandrite. Abbots of third class monasteries were to be styled "hegumen". In the Russian tradition, an archimandrite wears a mitre . Churches under the spiritual jurisdiction of the four ancient Eastern Orthodox Patriarchates generally require that such

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252-477: The protohegumen . The duties of both hegumen and archimandrite are the same, archimandrite being considered the senior dignity of the two. In the Russian Orthodox Church , the title of Hegumen may be granted as an honorary title to any hieromonk , even one who does not head a monastery. A ruling hegumen is formally installed in a ceremony by the bishop, during which he is presented with his pastoral staff (Greek: paterissa , Slavonic: палица, palitza ). Among

273-477: The 4th century as applied to Saint Pachomius . When the supervision of monasteries passed to another episcopal official—the Great Sakellarios (" sacristan ")—the title of archimandrite became an honorary one for abbots of important monasteries (compared to an ordinary abbot, a hegumenos ). The Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic churches commonly select their bishops from the ranks of

294-410: The 4th century as applied to Saint Pachomius . When the supervision of monasteries passed to another episcopal official—the Great Sakellarios (" sacristan ")—the title of archimandrite became an honorary one for abbots of important monasteries (compared to an ordinary abbot, a hegumenos ). The Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic churches commonly select their bishops from the ranks of

315-502: The Russians, the pastoral staff for a Hegumen tends to be of wood (usually ebony), rather than metal. The hegumen is awarded the gold pectoral cross by the bishop, as for an archpriest . During divine services, the hegumen wears a simple black monastic mantle , while the higher ranking archimandrite wears a mantle similar to one worn by a bishop (though without the white "rivers" along the sides, and decorated with unadorned "tablets" at

336-543: The archimandrites. As abbots, the duties of both a hegumen and an archimandrite are the same; however, during the Divine Service , a hegumen wears a simple mantle , while the mantle of an archimandrite is decorated with sacral texts; an archimandrite also bears a pastoral staff ( pateritsa ). Initially, in some cases it served as an extra title: for example, manuscripts of 1174 mention Hegumen Polikarp of Kiev Cave Monastery as "Hegumen Archimandrite". In 1764,

357-480: The archimandrites. As abbots, the duties of both a hegumen and an archimandrite are the same; however, during the Divine Service , a hegumen wears a simple mantle , while the mantle of an archimandrite is decorated with sacral texts; an archimandrite also bears a pastoral staff ( pateritsa ). Initially, in some cases it served as an extra title: for example, manuscripts of 1174 mention Hegumen Polikarp of Kiev Cave Monastery as "Hegumen Archimandrite". In 1764,

378-528: The church, a hegumen may use a wooden walking stick similar to that used by a bishop or archimandrite, only not adorned with a silver knob. In the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria , the rank is used in the capacity of an archpriest and actually is one. The name in the Arabic is kommos (قمص); this honorary title is granted to both married priests and hieromonks without distinction and

399-479: The neck and feet). An archimandrite also wears a mitre similar to one worn by a bishop; a hegumen does not (however, in the Russian tradition, a bishop may grant an hegumen the privilege of wearing the mitre as an ecclesiastical award). A hegumen may carry his pastoral staff in processions and when giving blessings in the church (though it is never carried into the sanctuary), although it usually stands upright next to his kathisma (monastic choir stall). When outside

420-467: The second root from μάνδρα mandra meaning "enclosure" or "corral", "pen" and denoting a "monastery" (compare the usage of "flock" for "congregation"). The title has been in common use since the 5th century, but is mentioned for the first time in a letter to Epiphanius , prefixed to his Panarium ( c.  375 ), but the Lausiac History of Palladius may evidence its common use in

441-404: The second root from μάνδρα mandra meaning "enclosure" or "corral", "pen" and denoting a "monastery" (compare the usage of "flock" for "congregation"). The title has been in common use since the 5th century, but is mentioned for the first time in a letter to Epiphanius , prefixed to his Panarium ( c.  375 ), but the Lausiac History of Palladius may evidence its common use in

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