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21-780: The Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing , also called the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge and Second Narrows Bridge , is the second bridge constructed at the Second (east) Narrows of Burrard Inlet in Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada. Originally named the Second Narrows Bridge, it connects Vancouver to the North Shore of Burrard Inlet, which includes the District of North Vancouver ,

42-600: A 320-metre-wide (1,050 ft) strait (traversed only by overhead powerlines ) between Burnaby Mountain and the bluffs of Belcarra Regional Park . Port Moody Arm is almost completely encompassed by the City of Port Moody . What is now known as Burrard Inlet has been home to the Indigenous peoples of the Musqueam , Squamish and Tsleil-waututh Bands , who have resided in this territory for thousands of years. In 1791,

63-407: A crane stretched from the north side of the new bridge to join the two chords of the unfinished arch, several spans collapsed. Seventy-nine workers plunged 30 metres (98 ft) into the water. Eighteen were killed either instantly or shortly thereafter, possibly drowned by their heavy tool belts. A diver searching for bodies drowned later, bringing the total fatalities for the collapse to nineteen. In

84-490: A subsequent Royal Commission inquiry, the bridge collapse was attributed to miscalculation by bridge engineers. A temporary support, holding the fifth anchor span, was deemed insufficient to bear the weight. In December 1957, a safety inspector from the British Columbia Workmen's Compensation Board had reported that the installation of a safety net under the work platforms was "impracticable" following

105-569: Is a steel truss cantilever bridge , designed by Swan Wooster Engineering Co. Ltd. Construction began in November 1957, and the bridge was officially opened on August 25, 1960. It cost approximately $ 23 million to build. Tolls were charged until April 1, 1963. The bridge is 1,292 metres (4,239 ft) long with a centre span of 335 metres (1,099 ft). It is part of the Trans-Canada Highway ( Highway 1 ). On June 17, 1958, as

126-408: Is called a cape . Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves , rocky shores , intense erosion , and steep sea cliff . Headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline. A bay is flanked by land on three sides, whereas a headland is flanked by water on three sides. Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to

147-589: Is defined as a line between Point Atkinson and Point Grey on the west, the end of Port Moody Arm on the east, and the head of Indian Arm on the north. The inlet is about 31 kilometres (19 mi) long from the Strait of Georgia to Port Moody , or about 44 kilometres (27 mi) from the Strait of Georgia to the head of Indian Arm. Settlements on the shores of Burrard Inlet include Vancouver, West Vancouver, North Vancouver, Burnaby , and Port Moody. Three bridges,

168-524: The City of North Vancouver , and West Vancouver . It was constructed adjacent to the older Second Narrows Bridge , which is now exclusively a rail bridge. Its construction, from 1956 to 1960, was marred by a multi-death collapse on June 17, 1958. The First Narrows Bridge, better known as Lions Gate Bridge , crosses Burrard Inlet about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) west of the Second Narrows. The bridge

189-672: The Second Narrows , which is traversed by the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge and the Second Narrows Rail Bridge . After the Second Narrows, it widens again and continues east until the headland near Dollarton , where it splits into two arms . The longer arm, known as Indian Arm , extends northerly between Mount Seymour and Eagle Mountain until it meets the deltas of Indian River mouth. The shorter arm, known as Port Moody Arm or Moody Inlet , courses further east for another 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) past

210-613: The 1792 expedition of Dionisio Alcalá Galiano , which was to determine the exact nature of the Canal de Floridablanca. Galiano spent many days exploring the general area, realizing that there was a great river there and sighting Burrard Inlet itself on June 19, 1792. Just days later, the inlet was again named by Captain George Vancouver , after his friend and former shipmate Captain Harry Burrard Neale . In 1888,

231-733: The First Narrows Bridge (alias Lions Gate Bridge ) (built in the 1930s), the Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing (1960) and the CNR railway bridge (1969) at the Second Narrows, and the SeaBus passenger ferry, cross the inlet. Aside from just east of the inlet's mouth (where it includes English Bay), it is widest (about 3 km or 1.9 mi) between the First and Second Narrows, also

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252-452: The busiest part of Vancouver's port . Protected from the open ocean, the calm waters of Burrard Inlet form Vancouver's primary port area, an excellent one for large ocean-going ships. While some of the shoreline is residential and commercial, much is port-industrial, including railyards, terminals for container and bulk cargo ships, grain elevators, and (towards the eastern end) oil refineries. Freighters waiting to load or discharge cargoes in

273-467: The death of another steelworker. The bridge was renamed the "Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing" on June 17, 1994, to honour the eighteen workers who died in the collapse, along with one rescue diver and four other workers who also died during the construction process. Burrard Inlet Burrard Inlet opens west into the Strait of Georgia between Point Atkinson and Point Grey . Vancouver's Downtown Peninsula protrudes northwesterly into

294-462: The first European explorers in the region, Juan Carrasco and José María Narváez , sailing under orders of Francisco de Eliza , entered the western part of the inlet in their ship, Santa Saturnina . They failed to find the Fraser River , mistaking the lowland of the river's delta as a major inlet of the sea, which they named Canal de Floridablanca. This led to one of the prime objectives of

315-492: The inlet often anchor in English Bay , which lies south of the mouth of the inlet and is separated from it by Vancouver's downtown peninsula and Stanley Park . On the main inlet, a few park areas remain forested as they were centuries ago, but the steep slopes of Indian Arm are so impassable that most have seen no development, despite the proximity of such a major city. Only in 2003 was a rough wilderness hiking trail around

336-587: The inlet was described in The British Columbia Pilot published by the British Admiralty as follows. Burrard inlet differs from most of the great sounds of this coast in being comparatively easy of access to steam vessels of any size or class, and in the convenient depth of water for anchorage which may be found in almost every part of it; its close proximity to Fraser river, with the great facilities for constructing roads between

357-646: The inlet's outer and inner sections, is known as the First Narrows , traversed by the Lions Gate Bridge . The inner inlet then widens into Vancouver Harbour , which hosts the Port of Vancouver , Canada's largest port. At the eastern end of the harbour, Burrard Inlet narrows again into a 350-metre-wide (1,150 ft) strait between Burnaby Heights and the mouth of the Seymour River , known as

378-473: The inlet, separating it into the wide outer Burrard Inlet to the west and the elongated inner Burrard Inlet to the east. The southeastern portion of the outer inlet is an open bay known as English Bay , which has a narrow eastern inlet called False Creek . The 400-metre-wide (1,300 ft) strait between Prospect Point and the sandbanks just east of the Capilano River mouth , which connects

399-567: The two places, and its having become the terminus of the Pacific and Canadian Railway, likewise add considerably to its importance. It is divided into three distinct harbours, viz., English bay or the outer anchorage; Vancouver (formerly called Coal harbour), above the First Narrows; and Port Moody at the head of the eastern arm of the inlet. The inlet runs almost directly east from the Strait of Georgia to Port Moody . About two-thirds of

420-561: The way east from the mouth of the inlet, the steep-sided Indian Arm branches off to the north between Belcarra and Deep Cove on into the Pacific Ranges . Near the mouth of the inlet, a small section of the inlet along the curved stretch of the Burrard Peninsula is named English Bay . From English Bay, a small inlet named False Creek branches off to the east and incises the peninsula. The extent of Burrard Inlet

441-406: The whole of Indian Arm completed, and it was the work of one man over many years. The major crossings of Burrard Inlet, from west to east, are as follows: Headland A headland , also known as a head , is a coastal landform , a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends into a body of water . It is a type of promontory . A headland of considerable size often

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