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40-667: Coordinates : 37°34′12″N 84°46′45″W / 37.57000°N 84.77917°W / 37.57000; -84.77917 Park in Lincoln County, Kentucky Isaac Shelby Cemetery State Historic Site [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Location in Kentucky Show map of Kentucky [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Isaac Shelby Cemetery State Historic Site (the United States) Show map of
80-505: A tan ϕ {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!} ; for the GRS 80 and WGS 84 spheroids, b a = 0.99664719 {\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719} . ( β {\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!} is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude ). Aside from rounding, this
120-460: A datum transformation such as a Helmert transformation , although in certain situations a simple translation may be sufficient. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Examples of global datums include World Geodetic System (WGS 84, also known as EPSG:4326 ),
160-527: A Grave v t e Protected areas of Kentucky Federal National Parks Mammoth Cave National Historical Parks Abraham Lincoln Birthplace Cumberland Gap National River Big South Fork National Military Park Fort Donelson National Battlefield National Forests Daniel Boone George Washington and Jefferson USFS National Recreation Areas Land Between
200-466: A listing on the National Register of Historic Places or a designation as a National Historic Landmark . States and local zoning bodies may or may not choose to protect these. The state of Colorado , for example, is very clear that it does not set any limits on owners of NRHP properties. Federal protected area designations International protected area designations Every state has
240-608: A point on Earth's surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses (often called great circles ), which converge at the North and South Poles. The meridian of the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich , in southeast London, England, is the international prime meridian , although some organizations—such as
280-473: A region of the surface of the Earth. Some newer datums are bound to the center of mass of the Earth. This combination of mathematical model and physical binding mean that anyone using the same datum will obtain the same location measurement for the same physical location. However, two different datums will usually yield different location measurements for the same physical location, which may appear to differ by as much as several hundred meters; this not because
320-401: A system of state parks as well as many other types of protected areas (forests, reserves, refuges, recreation areas, etc.). State parks vary widely from urban parks to very large parks that are on a par with national parks. Some state parks, like Adirondack Park , are similar to the national parks of England and Wales , with numerous towns inside the borders of the park. About half the area of
360-411: Is 6,367,449 m . Since the Earth is an oblate spheroid , not spherical, that result can be off by several tenths of a percent; a better approximation of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is where Earth's equatorial radius a {\displaystyle a} equals 6,378,137 m and tan β = b
400-480: Is 110.6 km. The circles of longitude, meridians, meet at the geographical poles, with the west–east width of a second naturally decreasing as latitude increases. On the Equator at sea level, one longitudinal second measures 30.92 m, a longitudinal minute is 1855 m and a longitudinal degree is 111.3 km. At 30° a longitudinal second is 26.76 m, at Greenwich (51°28′38″N) 19.22 m, and at 60° it
440-522: Is 15.42 m. On the WGS 84 spheroid, the length in meters of a degree of latitude at latitude ϕ (that is, the number of meters you would have to travel along a north–south line to move 1 degree in latitude, when at latitude ϕ ), is about The returned measure of meters per degree latitude varies continuously with latitude. Similarly, the length in meters of a degree of longitude can be calculated as (Those coefficients can be improved, but as they stand
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#1732773189177480-1164: Is a park in Junction City , Lincoln County, Kentucky . It marks the estate and burial ground of Kentucky 's first governor , Isaac Shelby . The site became part of the park system in 1951. References [ edit ] ^ "Isaac Shelby State Shrine" . Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey , United States Department of the Interior . ^ "Isaac Shelby Cemetery" . Kentucky Department of Parks . Retrieved March 18, 2014 . ^ Kleber, John E., ed. (1992). "Historic Sites". The Kentucky Encyclopedia . Associate editors: Thomas D. Clark , Lowell H. Harrison, and James C. Klotter . Lexington, Kentucky : The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-1772-0 . [REDACTED] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Isaac Shelby Cemetery State Historic Site . External links [ edit ] Isaac Shelby Cemetery State Historic Site Kentucky Department of Parks Shelby Traveller's Rest Burying Ground at Find
520-456: Is known as a graticule . The origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km (390 mi) south of Tema , Ghana , a location often facetiously called Null Island . In order to use the theoretical definitions of latitude, longitude, and height to precisely measure actual locations on the physical earth, a geodetic datum must be used. A horizonal datum
560-615: Is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 m of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart. Like any series of multiple-digit numbers, latitude-longitude pairs can be challenging to communicate and remember. Therefore, alternative schemes have been developed for encoding GCS coordinates into alphanumeric strings or words: These are not distinct coordinate systems, only alternative methods for expressing latitude and longitude measurements. Protected areas of
600-409: Is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system , the geographic coordinate system is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface. A full GCS specification, such as those listed in
640-465: Is used to precisely measure latitude and longitude, while a vertical datum is used to measure elevation or altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of the shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise geoid for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally, this binding was created by a network of control points , surveyed locations at which monuments are installed, and were only accurate for
680-750: The EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid ), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for the same location. The invention of a geographic coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene , who composed his now-lost Geography at the Library of Alexandria in the 3rd century BC. A century later, Hipparchus of Nicaea improved on this system by determining latitude from stellar measurements rather than solar altitude and determining longitude by timings of lunar eclipses , rather than dead reckoning . In
720-481: The International Date Line , which diverges from it in several places for political and convenience reasons, including between far eastern Russia and the far western Aleutian Islands . The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude
760-653: The United Nations Environment Programme , the U.S. had a total of 6,770 terrestrial nationally designated (federal) protected areas. Federal level protected areas are managed by a variety of agencies, most of which are a part of the National Park Service , a bureau of the United States Department of the Interior . They are often considered the crown jewels of the protected areas. Other areas are managed by
800-822: The United States Forest Service , the Bureau of Land Management and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service . The United States Army Corps of Engineers is claimed to provide 30 percent of the recreational opportunities on federal lands, mainly through lakes and waterways that they manage. The highest levels of protection, as described by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), are Level I (Strict Nature Reserves & Wilderness Areas) and Level II (National Parks). The United States maintains 12 percent of
840-526: The 1st or 2nd century, Marinus of Tyre compiled an extensive gazetteer and mathematically plotted world map using coordinates measured east from a prime meridian at the westernmost known land, designated the Fortunate Isles , off the coast of western Africa around the Canary or Cape Verde Islands , and measured north or south of the island of Rhodes off Asia Minor . Ptolemy credited him with
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#1732773189177880-506: The Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun. This daily movement can be as much as a meter. Continental movement can be up to 10 cm a year, or 10 m in a century. A weather system high-pressure area can cause a sinking of 5 mm . Scandinavia is rising by 1 cm a year as a result of
920-729: The European ED50 , and the British OSGB36 . Given a location, the datum provides the latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } and longitude λ {\displaystyle \lambda } . In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS 84 differs at Greenwich from the one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112 m. The military system ED50 , used by NATO , differs from about 120 m to 180 m. Points on
960-536: The French Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière —continue to use other meridians for internal purposes. The prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres , although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E. This is not to be conflated with
1000-3023: The Lakes Wild and Scenic Rivers Red River National Wildlife Refuges Clarks River Green River Ohio River Islands Reelfoot State State Resort Parks Barren River Lake Blue Licks Battlefield Buckhorn Lake Carter Caves Cumberland Falls Dale Hollow Lake General Butler Greenbo Lake Jenny Wiley Kenlake Kentucky Dam Village Lake Barkley Lake Cumberland Natural Bridge Pennyrile Forest Pine Mountain Rough River Dam State Historic Sites Big Bone Lick Butler-Turpin House Dr. Thomas Walker Isaac Shelby Cemetery Jefferson Davis Old Mulkey Meetinghouse Perryville Battlefield Waveland White Hall Wickliffe Mounds William Whitley House State Recreation Parks Carr Creek Columbus-Belmont Dawkins Line Rail Trail E. P. "Tom" Sawyer Fishtrap Lake Fort Boonesborough General Burnside Island Grayson Lake Green River Lake John James Audubon Kincaid Lake Kingdom Come Lake Malone Levi Jackson Wilderness Road Lincoln Homestead Mineral Mound My Old Kentucky Home Nolin Lake Old Fort Harrod Paintsville Lake Pine Mountain Trail Taylorsville Lake Yatesville Lake State Forests Dewey Lake Green River Kentenia Kentucky Ridge Knobs Olympia Pennyrile Tygarts State Nature Preserves Axe Lake Swamp Bad Branch Falls Bat Cave and Cascade Caverns Beargrass Creek Blackacre Blue Licks Brigadoon Jesse Stuart JJ Audubon Natural Bridge Six Mile Island Tom Dorman Other Breaks Interstate Park Kentucky Horse Park [REDACTED] Kentucky portal Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Shelby_Cemetery_State_Historic_Site&oldid=1173217855 " Categories : Kentucky State Historic Sites National Register of Historic Places in Lincoln County, Kentucky Protected areas established in 1951 Protected areas of Lincoln County, Kentucky Buildings and structures in Lincoln County, Kentucky Cemeteries on
1040-647: The Level I and II lands in the world. These lands had a total area of 210,000 sq mi (540,000 km ). Because U.S. federal protected areas include both ownership based names, and names related to overlaying policy designations, the naming system for U.S. protected areas results in some types being used by more than one agency. For instance, both the National Park Service and the U.S. Forest Service manage areas designated National Preserves and National Recreation Areas . The National Park Service,
1080-729: The National Register of Historic Places in Kentucky 1951 establishments in Kentucky Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Coordinates on Wikidata Commons category link is on Wikidata Geographic coordinate system A geographic coordinate system ( GCS ) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude . It
1120-659: The U.S. Forest Service, and the Bureau of Land Management manage areas called national monuments . National Wilderness Areas are designated within other protected areas, managed by various agencies and sometimes wilderness areas span areas managed by multiple agencies. Those relying on U.S. protected areas data are advised to learn more about all of these conventions by reviewing the extensive PAD-US Help system . There are existing federal designations of historic or landmark status that may support preservation via tax incentives, but that do not necessarily convey any protection, including
1160-569: The United States Location Lincoln , Kentucky, United States Coordinates 37°34′12″N 84°46′45″W / 37.57000°N 84.77917°W / 37.57000; -84.77917 Area .5 acres (0.20 ha) Elevation 1,001 ft (305 m) Established 1951 Governing body Kentucky Department of Parks Website Isaac Shelby Cemetery State Historic Site Isaac Shelby Cemetery State Historic Site
1200-552: The United States The protected areas of the United States are managed by an array of different federal, state, tribal and local level authorities and receive widely varying levels of protection. Some areas are managed as wilderness , while others are operated with acceptable commercial exploitation . As of 2022 , the 42,826 protected areas covered 1,235,486 km (477,024 sq mi), or 13 percent of
1240-577: The center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels , as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator , the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres . The longitude λ of
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1280-649: The default datum used for the Global Positioning System , and the International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame (ITRF), used for estimating continental drift and crustal deformation . The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space. Local datums chosen by a national cartographical organization include the North American Datum ,
1320-490: The distance they give is correct within a centimeter.) The formulae both return units of meters per degree. An alternative method to estimate the length of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is to assume a spherical Earth (to get the width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively): where Earth's average meridional radius M r {\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!}
1360-474: The full adoption of longitude and latitude, rather than measuring latitude in terms of the length of the midsummer day. Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography used the same prime meridian but measured latitude from the Equator instead. After their work was translated into Arabic in the 9th century, Al-Khwārizmī 's Book of the Description of the Earth corrected Marinus' and Ptolemy's errors regarding
1400-781: The land area of the United States . This is also one-tenth of the protected land area of the world. The U.S. also had a total of 871 National Marine Protected Areas , covering an additional 1,240,000 sq mi (3,200,000 km ), or 26 percent of the total marine area of the United States. Federal protected areas include lands and waters owned outright ("Fee ownerships"), as well as areas that are secured by easements, leases, etc. In addition to ownership-defined areas, there are numerous overlaying policy designations that apply management protections and use conditions on all or some of individual protected areas (e.g., Wilderness Areas, National Monuments, etc.). As of 2007 , according to
1440-719: The length of the Mediterranean Sea , causing medieval Arabic cartography to use a prime meridian around 10° east of Ptolemy's line. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes ' recovery of Ptolemy's text a little before 1300; the text was translated into Latin at Florence by Jacopo d'Angelo around 1407. In 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference , attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt
1480-461: The location has moved, but because the reference system used to measure it has shifted. Because any spatial reference system or map projection is ultimately calculated from latitude and longitude, it is crucial that they clearly state the datum on which they are based. For example, a UTM coordinate based on WGS84 will be different than a UTM coordinate based on NAD27 for the same location. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires
1520-595: The longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich , England as the zero-reference line. The Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911. The latitude ϕ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through (or close to)
1560-463: The melting of the ice sheets of the last ice age , but neighboring Scotland is rising by only 0.2 cm . These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. On the GRS 80 or WGS 84 spheroid at sea level at the Equator, one latitudinal second measures 30.715 m , one latitudinal minute is 1843 m and one latitudinal degree
1600-681: The park, some 3,000,000 acres (1,200,000 ha), is state-owned and preserved as "forever wild" by the Forest Preserve of New York . Wood-Tikchik State Park in Alaska is the largest state park by the amount of contiguous protected land; it is larger than many U.S. National Parks, with some 1,600,000 acres (650,000 ha), making it larger than the state of Delaware . Many states also operate game and recreation areas. U.S. counties, cities and towns, metropolitan authorities, regional park systems , recreation districts and other units manage
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