Ismailia Canal or the Al-Ismāʿīliyyah Canal , formerly known as the Sweet Water Canal or the Fresh Water Canal , is a canal which was dug by thousands of Egyptian fellahin to facilitate the construction of the Suez Canal . The canal travels east-west across Ismailia Governorate .
20-467: It was dug to provide fresh water to the arid area, from Lake Timsah to Suez and Port Said . The canal facilitated the growth of agriculture settlements along the Suez Canal, and it is particularly important for supplying water to the city of Port Said . Like the Suez Canal, it was designed by French engineers; construction lasted from 1861 until 1863. It runs through the now-dry distributary of
40-575: A channel ( Ismailia Canal ) from the Nile to Lake Timsah in 1861 and 1862, which brought a fresh water supply to the area. It was also proposed to construct a halfway port at this point along the canal. The Ismailia section of the Suez Canal , which connected Lake Manzala to Lake Timsah, was completed in November 1862. Construction of the segment was completed with forced labor , which expanded
60-567: A few Suez Canal Authority beaches. Lake Timsah possibly first became a juncture for canal construction approximately 4,000 years ago during the Middle Kingdom of Egypt , and was expanded by Darius I . Suez Canal construction in the vicinity of Lake Timsah began in 1861 on the segment north of the lake. Initial preparations included the construction of sheds to house 10,000 workers, steam sawmills, and importation of large quantities of wheelbarrows and wooden planks. 3,000 laborers dug
80-605: A number of groups attempted to relieve the lake of pollution. It was a significant event for the local community, since the lake is of economic importance to the city and its fishermen. Ismailia Canal Ismailia Canal or the Al-Ismāʿīliyyah Canal , formerly known as the Sweet Water Canal or the Fresh Water Canal , is a canal which was dug by thousands of Egyptian fellahin to facilitate
100-437: A study was conducted to check the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fish and shellfish species that locals consume from the lake. Samples included tilapia , crabs, bivalves , clams and gastropods . The results showed that crabs contained "significantly higher concentrations of both total and carcinogenic PAHs than other species, while clams contained significantly lower levels of PAHs." In 2003,
120-605: The Wadi Tumilat , incorporating portions of an ancient Suez Canal that existed between Old Cairo and the Red Sea . The Ismailia Canal proper ends at Ismalia. Additional branches connect the canal from Ismailia to Suez and Port Said. The Sweet Water Canal refers to a combination of the Ismailia Canal and its southern branch to Suez. In February 1862, after thousands of workers excavated 1.1 million cubic meters,
140-553: The Bitter Lakes about nine miles (14 km) away. In 1862, the lake was filled with waters from the Red Sea , and became part of the Suez Canal . Lake Timsah lies within a depression that spans the isthmus between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. The lowest points of the depression form shallow natural lakes, of which Timsah is one. The surface area of Lake Timsah covers 5.4 square miles. Most of
160-485: The canal reached Lake Timsah. As soon as the fresh water reached the area, more labourers were hired for the Suez Canal construction project. The canal also allowed for the easy transportation of materials and food with ferries traveling along its narrow ways. The Battle of Kassassin Lock was fought near Sweet Water Canal, on August 28, 1882. Less than 100 years later, the canal no longer provided clean, fresh water but
180-430: The canal reached Lake Timsah. As soon as the fresh water reached the area, more labourers were hired for the Suez Canal construction project. The canal also allowed for the easy transportation of materials and food with ferries traveling along its narrow ways. The Battle of Kassassin Lock was fought near Sweet Water Canal, on August 28, 1882. Less than 100 years later, the canal no longer provided clean, fresh water but
200-663: The canal, and seepage from trash. Lake Timsah Lake Timsah , also known as Crocodile Lake ( Arabic : بُحَيْرة التِّمْسَاح ); is a lake in Egypt on the Nile delta . It lies in a basin developed along a fault extending from the Mediterranean Sea to the Gulf of Suez through the Bitter Lakes region. In 1800, a flood filled the Wadi Tumilat , which caused Timsah's banks to overflow and moved water south into
220-482: The construction of the Suez Canal . The canal travels east-west across Ismailia Governorate . It was dug to provide fresh water to the arid area, from Lake Timsah to Suez and Port Said . The canal facilitated the growth of agriculture settlements along the Suez Canal, and it is particularly important for supplying water to the city of Port Said . Like the Suez Canal, it was designed by French engineers; construction lasted from 1861 until 1863. It runs through
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#1732773147606240-583: The inflow of fresh water to the lake. The El-Gamil outlet serves as Lake Timsah's principal source of salt water. Timsah's main source of fresh water was annual Nile flooding until the Aswan High Dam interrupted these flows in 1966, although groundwater also accounts for much of the lake's freshwater supply. Lake Timsah experiences both stratification variations in salinity and seasonal surface variations in salinity, and in recent decades freshwater taxa have been overtaking brackish taxa. In 2002,
260-462: The lake is marshy and depth rarely exceeds 3 feet (1 metre). It has been asserted that, in ancient times , Lake Timsah was the northern terminus of the Red Sea . On March 4, 1863, the city of Ismailia , named in honor of the viceroy Ismail Pasha , arose on Lake Timsah's northern bank. Several beaches overlook the lake, including the Moslem Youth, Fayrouz, Melaha, Bahary , Taawen, and
280-492: The northern segment until 1867 and on the southern segment until 1876. Lake Timsah is a brackish lake that experiences significant variations in salinity. Human engineering projects have impacted salinity, with resulting changes in the lake's biota. Decreases in salinity were noted as early as 1871 following Suez Canal construction, and subsequent enlargement of the channel from the Nile and other construction projects increased
300-461: The now-dry distributary of the Wadi Tumilat , incorporating portions of an ancient Suez Canal that existed between Old Cairo and the Red Sea . The Ismailia Canal proper ends at Ismalia. Additional branches connect the canal from Ismailia to Suez and Port Said. The Sweet Water Canal refers to a combination of the Ismailia Canal and its southern branch to Suez. In February 1862, after thousands of workers excavated 1.1 million cubic meters,
320-478: The remains of some of the British soldiers who were tortured and killed, ended up in the canal. The Ismalia Canal remains the main source of drinking and irrigation water for many cities in the 21st century. According to a 2014 study, its water quality is excellent for irrigation, and ranges from good to poor for drinking. Pollution nowadays is mainly a combination of upstream Nile discharge, treated drainage into
340-420: The remains of some of the British soldiers who were tortured and killed, ended up in the canal. The Ismalia Canal remains the main source of drinking and irrigation water for many cities in the 21st century. According to a 2014 study, its water quality is excellent for irrigation, and ranges from good to poor for drinking. Pollution nowadays is mainly a combination of upstream Nile discharge, treated drainage into
360-470: The workforce to 18,000 men. The trench measured 50 feet (15 m) wide by four to six feet deep and connected Lake Timsah to the Mediterranean Sea . Work began south of Lake Timsah in 1862-1863 as expansion continued on the northern segment. Forced labor was used during canal construction from March 1862 until Ismail Pasha outlawed the practice in 1864. As a result of the canal, waters from Lake Manzaleh flowed into Lake Timsah. Expansion continued on
380-424: Was disturbingly polluted. During the 1950s when British soldiers were stationed in the area, some referred to the canal as an open sewer. Royal Air Force personnel were advised to avoid contact with the water and were warned that the canal was where deserters would end up. When the war became especially bloody, between national, Egyptian, resistance movements and British soldiers, from October 1951 to January 1952,
400-423: Was disturbingly polluted. During the 1950s when British soldiers were stationed in the area, some referred to the canal as an open sewer. Royal Air Force personnel were advised to avoid contact with the water and were warned that the canal was where deserters would end up. When the war became especially bloody, between national, Egyptian, resistance movements and British soldiers, from October 1951 to January 1952,
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