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33-636: The " midnight sun " is above the horizon from 24 May to 22 July (70 days), and the period with continuous daylight lasts a bit longer. The polar night is from 28 November to 9 January (43 days). The village of Kyrö was established in the 1750s by the Finnish settler Henrik (Heikki) Mikonpoika Kyrö, who came from the Tornio valley . Before settling in Inari, he spent some time in Enontekiö and Kittilä . Ivalo

66-415: A clear night. This happens in both Northern Hemisphere summer solstice and Southern Hemisphere summer solstice . The lowest latitude to experience midnight sun without a golden hour is about 72°34′ North or South. White Nights have become a common symbol of Saint Petersburg, Russia , where they occur from about 11 June to 1 July, and the last 10 days of June are celebrated with cultural events known as

99-513: A precise moment for the genuine "midnight sun" is required, the observer's longitude , the local civil time , and the equation of time must be taken into account. The moment of the Sun's closest approach to the horizon coincides with its passing due north at the observer's position, which occurs only approximately at midnight in general. Each degree of longitude east of the Greenwich meridian makes

132-583: A reputation for being a bastion of chess -playing. On learning this in the 1870s, American scholar and keen chess player Willard Fiske took an interest in Grímsey, sending supplies, supporting the economy, and leaving money in his will, though he never visited the island. The Protestant Church on Grímsey was destroyed by a fire in September 2021. It had been built from driftwood in 1867 and renovated in 1956. A choir and tower were added in 1932. The nave

165-487: A result of the "dip" of the horizon viewed from altitude. Gr%C3%ADmsey Grímsey ( Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkrimsˌeiː] ) is a small Icelandic island, 40 kilometres (20 nautical miles) off the north coast of the main island of Iceland , where it straddles the Arctic Circle . Grímsey is also known for the puffins and other sea birds which visit the island for breeding. The island

198-580: Is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the summer months in places north of the Arctic Circle or south of the Antarctic Circle , when the Sun remains visible at the local midnight. When midnight sun is seen in the Arctic , the Sun appears to move from left to right. In Antarctica , the equivalent apparent motion is from right to left. This occurs at latitudes ranging from approximately 65°44' to exactly 90° north or south, and does not stop exactly at

231-424: Is administratively part of the municipality of Akureyri on the mainland; before 2009 it constituted the rural municipality of Grímseyjarhreppur [ˈkrimsˌeiːjar̥ˌr̥ɛhpʏr̥] . The island's only settlement is Sandvík [ˈsantˌviːk] . In 2021 Grímsey had 57 inhabitants. The island is accessible by regular ferry and air passenger service. Grímsey is the northernmost inhabited Icelandic territory;

264-533: Is close to the northern tip and by the middle of the 21st century it will pass north of Grimsey altogether. There are three permanent markers for historical positions of the Arctic Circle, placed in 1717, 1817, and 1917. In 2017, a movable monument – an eight-tonne stone sphere dubbed "Orbis et Globus" – was placed on the circle, and is periodically moved to the corrected location. The Arctic Circle has crossed Grímsey since 1750, but will move northward from

297-476: Is visible at the Arctic Circle from approximately 12 June until 1 July. This period extends as one travels north: At Cape Nordkinn, Norway , the northernmost point of Continental Europe , midnight sun lasts approximately from 14 May to 29 July. On the Svalbard archipelago further north, it lasts from 20 April to 22 August. Also, the periods of polar day and polar night are unequal in both polar regions because

330-404: The Arctic Circle or the Antarctic Circle , due to refraction . The opposite phenomenon, polar night , occurs in winter, when the Sun stays below the horizon throughout the day. Because there are no permanent human settlements south of the Antarctic Circle , apart from research stations, the countries and territories whose populations experience midnight sun are limited to those crossed by

363-466: The Arctic Circle : Canada ( Yukon , Nunavut , and Northwest Territories ), Finland , Greenland , Iceland , Norway , Russia , Sweden , and the United States (state of Alaska ). The largest city in the world north of the Arctic Circle, Murmansk , Russia, experiences midnight sun from 22 May to 22 July (62 days). A quarter of Finland's territory lies north of the Arctic Circle, and at

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396-588: The White Nights Festival . The northernmost tip of Antarctica also experiences white nights near the Southern Hemisphere summer solstice . Since the axial tilt of Earth is considerable (23 degrees, 26 minutes, 21.41196 seconds), at high latitudes the Sun does not set in summer; rather, it remains continuously visible for one day during the summer solstice at the polar circle, for several weeks only 100 km (62 mi) closer to

429-443: The polar circles , in practice, midnight sun can be seen as much as 90 km (56 mi) outside the polar circle, as described below, and the exact latitudes of the furthest reaches of midnight sun depend on topography and vary slightly from year to year. Even though at the Arctic Circle the center of the Sun is, per definition and without refraction by the atmosphere, only visible during one summer night, some part of midnight sun

462-677: The Earth is at perihelion in early January and at aphelion in early July. As a result, the polar day is longer than the polar night in the Northern Hemisphere (at Utqiagvik, Alaska , for example, polar day lasts 84 days, while polar night lasts only 68 days), while in the Southern Hemisphere, the situation is the reverse—the polar night is longer than the polar day. Observers at heights appreciably above sea level can experience extended periods of midnight sun as

495-489: The Sun does not rise either, combining effects of midnight sun and polar night, reaching civil twilight during the "day" and astronomical twilight at "night". Locations where the Sun remains less than 6 (or 7 ) degrees below the horizon – between about 60° 34’ (or 59° 34’) latitude and the polar circle – experience midnight twilight instead of midnight sun, so that daytime activities, such as reading, are still possible without artificial light on

528-399: The Sun is a disc rather than a point in the sky, midnight sun may be experienced at latitudes slightly south of the Arctic Circle or north of the Antarctic Circle , though not exceeding one degree (depending on local conditions). For example, Iceland is known for its midnight sun, even though most of it ( Grímsey is the exception) is slightly south of the Arctic Circle. For the same reasons,

561-607: The Sun sets at 12:47   a.m. at the summer solstice. This is because Fairbanks is 51 minutes (1 hour and 51 minutes at Daylight Savings Time) ahead of its idealized time zone (as most of the state is in one time zone) and Alaska observes daylight saving time. (Fairbanks is at about 147.72 degrees west, corresponding to UTC−9 hours 51 minutes, and is on UTC−9 in winter.) This means that solar culmination occurs at about 12:51   p.m. instead of at 12 noon. Also in Fairbanks, Alaska, solar midnight occurs at 01:51 a.m. local time. If

594-593: The country's northernmost point the Sun does not set at all for 72 days during summer. In Svalbard, Norway , the northernmost inhabited region of Europe, there is no sunset from approximately 19 April to 23 August. The extreme sites are the poles, where the Sun can be continuously visible for half the year. The North Pole has midnight sun for about 6 months, from approximately 18 March to 24 September. South Pole , Antarctica has midnight sun and experiences this from approximately 20 September to 23 March (about 6 months). Due to atmospheric refraction , and also because

627-542: The island around the year 2047. Despite the northerly latitude, the climate is generally mild because of the North Atlantic Current , which brings warm water from the Gulf of Mexico . The maximum daily mean temperature in any month falls short of 10 °C, so it is within a tundra (ET) climate. The record high temperature of Brú is 22.2 °C (72.0 °F) registered on July 25, 1955. Though treeless,

660-447: The island three days a week with Dalvík on the mainland. The single settlement on the southwest side of the island is officially known as Sandvík. It has a community center, a shop, a library, a public indoor swimming pool, and a school from kindergarten to grade 8. (Beyond this age, students travel to Akureyri for further education.) Grímsey has two small hotels, a camp ground, and a nine-hole disc golf course. The island has acquired

693-439: The island's vegetation cover is rich, consisting of marshland, grass, and moss, and the island is home to many birds, especially auks . Gulls and arctic terns also inhabit the island. The island has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports large seabird breeding colonies of black-legged kittiwakes , Atlantic puffins , razorbills and common murres . The origin of

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726-459: The island, which attracts many of the island's visitors, as it is the only accessible location in Iceland that far north. However, due to long-term oscillations in the Earth's axis, the Arctic Circle is shifting northward by about 14.5 metres (48 ft) per year (varying substantially from year to year due to the complexity of the movement). As of 2020, the place where the line crosses the island

759-437: The name is uncertain. The island is not mentioned in the book of settlements . It may be named after a man named Grím otherwise unknown or devoted to Wotan -secondarily named Grím. The principal industrial activity is commercial fishing . Agriculture and collecting seabird eggs are also common. Grímsey Airport has a 1,036m north–south runway on the west side of the island, with regular flights to Akureyri . A ferry connects

792-458: The only thing different is the equation of time, so this remains a reasonable estimate for a considerable period. The Sun's altitude remains within half a degree of the minimum of about 5 degrees for about 45 minutes either side of this time. When it rotates on its own axis, it sometimes moves closer to the Sun. During this period of Earth's rotation from May to July, Earth tilts at an angle of 23.5 degrees above its own axis in its orbit. This causes

825-584: The part of Norway located in the Arctic region at the North Pole of Earth to move very close to the Sun and during this time the length of the day increases. It can be said that it almost never subsides. Night falls in Norway's Hammerfest at this particular time of year. The number of days per year with potential midnight sun increases the closer one goes toward either pole . Although approximately defined by

858-478: The period of sunlight at the poles is slightly longer than six months. Even the northern extremities of the United Kingdom (and places at similar latitudes, such as Saint Petersburg ) experience twilight throughout the night in the northern sky at around the summer solstice. Places sufficiently close to the poles, such as Alert, Nunavut , experience times where it does not get entirely dark at night yet

891-404: The pole, and for six months at the pole. At extreme latitudes, midnight sun is usually referred to as polar day. At the poles themselves, the Sun rises and sets only once each year on the equinox . During the six months that the Sun is above the horizon, it spends the days appearing to continuously move in circles around the observer, gradually spiralling higher and reaching its highest circuit of

924-473: The rapidly disappearing islet of Kolbeinsey lies some 60 km (30 nmi) farther north, but has never been habitable. The closest land is the coastal island of Flatey, Skjálfandi , 39.4 km (21.3 nmi) to the south. There are steep cliffs all along the coastline except on the southwestern shore. Grímsey has an area of 5.3 square kilometres (2.0 sq mi), and a maximum elevation of 105 metres (344 ft). The Arctic Circle runs through

957-526: The sky at the summer solstice. The term "midnight sun" refers to the consecutive 24-hour periods of sunlight experienced north of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle. Other phenomena are sometimes referred to as "midnight sun", but they are caused by time zones and the observance of daylight saving time . For instance, in Fairbanks, Alaska , which is south of the Arctic Circle,

990-550: The value must be subtracted. As an example, at the North Cape of Norway at midnight on June 21/22, the longitude of 25.9 degrees east makes the moment 103.2 minutes earlier by clock time; but the local time, 2 hours ahead of GMT in the summer, makes it 120 minutes later by clock time. The equation of time at that date is -2.0 minutes. Therefore, the Sun's lowest elevation occurs 120 - 103.2 + 2.0 minutes after midnight: at 00.19 Central European Summer time. On other nearby dates

1023-435: The vital moment exactly 4 minutes earlier than midnight as shown on the clock, while each hour that the local civil time is ahead of coordinated universal time (UTC, also known as GMT) makes the moment an hour later. These two effects must be added. Furthermore, the equation of time (which depends on the date) must be added: a positive value on a given date means that the Sun is running slightly ahead of its average position, so

Ivalo - Misplaced Pages Continue

1056-490: Was officially a separate village since the mid-19th century, but the name only gained wide usage in the early 20th century. Some people in Inari also knew it as Iivalo . Ivalo started growing after a road leading to Petsamo was built. Kyrö had been fully merged into Ivalo by 1940. Ivalo was severely damaged during the Lapland War (1944–1945) by retreating German troops led by Generaloberst Lothar Rendulic . The village

1089-614: Was subsequently extensively rebuilt. Many tourists visit this place every year for winter sports (downhill and cross-country skiing, snowboarding, husky and reindeer sledge riding) and for summer activities (trekking and hiking in the Saariselkä fjells, canoeing in Lapland's rivers, mountain biking, panning for gold, fishing , etc.). This Finland location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Midnight sun Midnight sun , also known as polar day ,

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