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26-625: The name literally means "Jan's spa". The town was named after Jan of Chockov, who discovered here a hot spring. Janské Lázně is located about 11 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Trutnov and 46 km (29 mi) north of Hradec Králové . It lies in the Giant Mountains , and its northern part lies within the Krkonoše National Park . The highest point is the Černá hora mountain at 1,299 m (4,262 ft) above sea level. The creek Janský potok originates here and flows through

52-484: A different route. The largest employer in Janské Lázně is the spa. The spa is focused mainly of treatment of musculoskeletal disorders . The water bath runs at a natural temperature of 27 °C (81 °F). There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality. Janské Lázně and the top of the Černá hora mountain are connected by a cable car. Janské Lázně is known for its ski resort and have

78-407: A few years. On 24 January 1285, Wenceslaus married Judith of Habsburg , daughter of Rudolf I , to whom he had been betrothed since 1276. In 1290, Wenceslaus had Záviš beheaded for alleged treason and began ruling independently. In 1291, High Duke Przemysł II of Poland ceded the sovereign Duchy of Kraków to Wenceslaus. Kraków was associated with the overlordship of Poland, but Przemysł held

104-510: A reputation of both summer and winter sports centre. It was host of the 1925 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships and 1937 Workers' Winter Olympiad . The Art Nouveau colonnade built in 1904 is the most popular sight in the town. There is also the Krakonoš statue from 1906. The Church of Saint John the Baptist was built in the neo-Gothic style in the 1880s. To the west of the town, there

130-630: Is first documented already in 1313. In 1581, it was rebuilt in the Renaissance style, and a tower was added. The neo-Gothic Church of Saints Peter and Paul was built in 1897–1903 and is located in Poříčí. The Bohuslav Martinů Concert Hall is located in the former Lutheran church, built in the neo-Gothic style in 1900. Trutnov is twinned with: Wenceslaus II of Bohemia Wenceslaus II Přemyslid ( Czech : Václav II. ; Polish : Wacław II Czeski ; 27 September 1271 – 21 June 1305)

156-489: Is held here every year since 1965. Trutnov has hosted the Trutnov Open Air Music Festival since 1990 and, since 1999, has hosted Obscene Extreme . The historic core comprises the area of Vnitřní Město part of Trutnov, with Krakonoš Square ( Krakonošovo náměstí ) in its centre. The area was delimited by town walls in the 14th century. Their fragments are preserved to this day. The landmark of

182-670: Is the Krkonoše Tree Top Trail, a frequent tourist destination. It is an educational trail with a total length of over 1,500 m (4,900 ft). It is formed by a 45 m (148 ft) high tower. Janské Lázně is twinned with: Trutnov Trutnov ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈtrutnof] ; German : Trautenau ) is a town in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic . It has about 30,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre

208-479: Is the Trutnov hospital. The Krakonoš Brewery was founded in 1582 and is one of the oldest breweries in the country. Trutnov is the terminus of an interregional railway line from Prague . There are also railway lines heading from Trutnov to Kolín and Vrchlabí . The ice hockey team HC Trutnov is based in the town. There is a slalom course on the Úpa river in Trutnov. The Trutnovské slalomy competition

234-482: Is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone . Trutnov is made up of the town parts of Dolní Předměstí, Dolní Staré Město, Horní Předměstí, Horní Staré Město, Kryblice, Střední Předměstí and Vnitřní Město, and the villages of Adamov, Babí, Bohuslavice, Bojiště, Lhota, Libeč, Nový Rokytník, Oblanov, Poříčí, Starý Rokytník, Střítež, Studenec, Volanov and Voletiny. Both the German name Trautenau and

260-476: The Giant Mountains . The highest point is a contour line on the slopes of the Dvorský les Mountain at 965 m (3,166 ft) above sea level. The town proper is situated in the valley of the Úpa River. The first written mention of Trutnov is from 1260. It was founded around 1250 by the Švábenský of Švábenice noble family and originally named Úpa after the eponymous river. In 1301, King Wenceslaus II bought

286-823: The Gross-Rosen concentration camp in March 1944, and a forced labour subcamp of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs in Libeč. After the war, the remaining German population was expelled in 1945 in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The largest employers based in the town are Vitesco Technologies Czech Republic and Tyco Electronics EC Trutnov , both manufacturers of electrical equipment for automotive industry with more than 1,000 employees. The largest non-industrial employer

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312-663: The Czech name Trutnov are derived from the Old German truten ouwe , which meant "cute floodplain ". Trutnov is located about 39 km (24 mi) north of Hradec Králové . A negligible part of the municipal territory borders Poland . Most of the territory lies in the Giant Mountains Foothills , but it also extends to the Broumov Highlands on the east and a small northern part extends into

338-635: The capital, Buda . But the Abas and Matthew Csák switched sides in 1303 and started to support Wenceslaus' rival Charles Robert of Anjou . Consequently, the young Wenceslaus, in Ofen (Buda), became afraid and wrote to his father in Prague for help. His father took a large army and invaded Buda, but having considered the situation, he took his son and the Hungarian crown and returned to Bohemia (1304). Ivan Kőszegi

364-456: The early Groschen -type coins. Kutná Hora was one of the richest European silver strikes ever: between 1300 and 1340 the mine may have produced as much as 20 tons of silver a year. In 1300, Wenceslaus issued the new royal mining code Ius regale montanorum . This was a legal document that specified all administrative as well as technical terms and conditions necessary for the operation of mines. Queen Judith died in 1297. Wenceslaus' second wife

390-403: The municipal territory. According to the chronicle of Simon Hüttel, a hot spring was discovered here on 6 June 1006 by Jan of Chockov, after whom the town was later named. The hot water was originally used to drive the water wheel, which activated the hammer mill . The first records of using the thermal spring for bathing is from the 14th century. In 1485, an accommodation house was built next to

416-466: The other duchies and in 1295 was crowned king. After Przemysł's death in 1296, Wenceslaus became overlord of Poland and in 1300, and had himself crowned its king. In 1298, silver was discovered at Kuttenberg (now Kutná Hora) in Central Bohemia . Wenceslaus took control of the mine by making silver production a royal monopoly and issued the Prague groschen , which became the most popular of

442-406: The spring. During 1675–1680 a village was founded here by order of Johann Adolf, Prince of Schwarzenberg . In 1881, it was promoted to a market town . In 1902, the spa was bought by the municipality. Janské Lázně was promoted to a town in 1965. In 1928, the first funicular from Janské Lázně to the Černá hora Mountain was built. In 1980, the old funicular to Černá hora was replaced by a new one with

468-654: The square is the neo-Gothic Old Town Hall, nowadays the tourist information centre. In the middle of the square are a statue of Joseph II , a stone fountain with statue of Krakonoš , and the baroque Holy Trinity Column from 1704. The most valuable buildings of Trutnov are the three churches. Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary is a Neoclassical building with late Baroque elements from 1756–1782. The Church of Saint Wenceslaus in Horní Staré Město part of Trutnov

494-815: The whole area, already called Trutnov. From 1400 to 1599, Trutnov was a dowry town of the Bohemian queens. In 1421, the town was captured by Jan Žižka during the Hussite Wars . Trutnov was the site of the Battle of Trautenau in 1866 during the Austro-Prussian War . During the World War II , the German occupiers operated three forced labour camps for Jewish women, located in Horní Staré Město, Poříčí and Libeč, which all became subcamps of

520-403: Was Elisabeth Richeza , daughter of King Przemysl II of Poland (1295–1296). In 1301, Wenceslaus' kinsman Andrew III of Hungary died and the Árpád dynasty became extinct in the male line. Wenceslaus was one of the relatives who claimed the throne, and he accepted it from a party of Hungarians on behalf of his young son, betrothed to Andrew's only child, Elizabeth . On 27 August 1301, his son

546-446: Was King of Bohemia (1278–1305), Duke of Cracow (1291–1305), and King of Poland (1296–1305). He was the only son of King Ottokar II of Bohemia and Ottokar's second wife Kunigunda . He was born in 1271, ten years after the marriage of his parents. Kunigunda was the daughter of Rostislav Mikhailovich , lord of Slavonia , son of a Grand Prince of Kiev , and Anna of Hungary , daughter of Béla IV of Hungary . His great-grandfather

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572-729: Was crowned in Székesfehérvár as king of Hungary. At that time the Kingdom of Hungary was split into several de facto principalities, and young Wenceslaus was only accepted as the King of Hungary by the rulers in Upper Hungary ( Matthew III Csák ), West-Transdanubia(in modern-day Burgenland and West-Transdanubia(the Güssings [ Kőszegi ( Croatian : Gisingovci )family who were their strongest supporters] and on territory around

598-742: Was named to represent Wenceslaus III in Hungary. Wenceslaus II died on 21 June 1305, at the age of 33, probably of tuberculosis . He was succeeded by his son, Wenceslaus III , the last of the Přemyslid kings. Wenceslaus II is considered one of the most important Czech kings. He built a great empire stretching from the Baltic Sea to the Danube river and established numerous cities, such as Plzeň in 1295. He won for his family three royal crowns ( Bohemia , Hungary and Poland ). The Kingdom of Bohemia

624-642: Was the German king Philip of Swabia . Wenceslaus II was the grandfather of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV . He was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty . In 1276 Rudolf I , King of the Romans, placed Ottokar under the ban of the empire and besieged Vienna . This compelled Ottokar in November 1276 to sign a new treaty by which he gave up all claims to Austria and the neighbouring duchies , retaining for himself only Bohemia and Moravia . Wenceslaus

650-537: Was the largest producer of silver in Europe in his time. He created Prague Groschen , which was an important European currency for centuries. During his reign, there was great urban development. He planned to build the first university in Central Europe . The power and wealth of the Kingdom of Bohemia gave rise to great respect, but also to the hostility of European royal families. His son King Wenceslaus III

676-551: Was then betrothed to Rudolf's daughter Judith , creating an uneasy peace. Wenceslaus's father died on 26 August 1278 in the Battle on the Marchfeld shortly before Wenceslaus' seventh birthday. Before Wenceslaus became of age, the government was handled by Otto V, Margrave of Brandenburg , who is said to have held Wenceslaus captive in several locations. He returned to Bohemia in 1283, at the age of twelve. His mother's second husband, Záviš of Falkenstein , ruled instead of him for

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