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27-661: The Johor River basin occupies about 14% of the Johor State of Peninsular Malaysia . The river and tributaries are important sources of water supply not only for the state itself but also for neighbouring Singapore . Syarikat Air Johor , SAJ (or Johor Water Company) and the Public Utilities Board of Singapore (PUB) each draws about 250,000 cubic metres/day of water from the Johor River near Kota Tinggi . Both water supply schemes have been operational since

54-788: A collection of states in Peninsular Malaysia situated towards the western coast generally facing the Strait of Malacca which is a component of the Indian Ocean , as opposed to the East Coast. The West Coast is partitioned further into three regions: Although Johor has a coastline facing the South China Sea on the Pacific Ocean , it is not generally regarded as an East Coast state, since the main coastline of

81-635: A merger, Singapore would retain autonomy in labour, education and health, among others, unlike the other states in the Federation of Malaya. In exchange, Singapore received an underproportioned representation in the House of Representatives of Parliament . Singapore within Malaysia was seen as having a special status (similar to Northern Ireland in the United Kingdom ) and was thus not grouped with

108-516: A river in Malaysia is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Peninsular Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia , historically known as Malaya , also known as West Malaysia or the "Malaysian Peninsula" , is the western part of Malaysia that comprises the southern part of the Malay Peninsula on Mainland Southeast Asia and the nearby islands . Its area totals approximately 132,490 km (51,150 sq mi), which

135-533: Is nearly 40% of the total area of the country; the other 60% is in East Malaysia on the island of Borneo . It shares a land border with Thailand to the north and a maritime border with Singapore to the south. Across the Strait of Malacca to the west lies the island of Sumatra , and across the South China Sea to the east lie the Natuna Islands of Indonesia . At its southern tip, across

162-588: The Utusan Melayu as "their [the ultras'] newspaper". Lee himself would later be considered an "ultra" by the Alliance government for some of the statements he made; on 24 May 1965, Lee publicly stated: "Let us be quite frank. Why should we go back to old Singapore and once again reduce the non-Malays in Malaya to a minority?" His Malaysian Malaysia campaign was not received well either by UMNO or most of

189-472: The Federation of Malaya during the formation of expanded federation. [REDACTED] Media related to Peninsular Malaysia at Wikimedia Commons Ultra (Malaysia) During the 1960s in Malaysia and Singapore, some racial extremists were referred to as " ultras ". The phrase was most commonly used by the first Prime Minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew , and other leaders of his political party,

216-555: The Malaysian Islamic Party . The distinction between West and East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) goes beyond the sphere of geography . Being separate regions administratively before the formation of the Malaysia, there exists more autonomy than the original States of Malaya, e.g. in having a different judicial court structure and separate immigration regulations. These rights were granted as part of Sarawak's 18-point agreement and Sabah's 20-point agreement with

243-637: The People's Action Party (PAP), to refer to Malay extremists. However, it was also used by some members of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) — the leader of the Alliance coalition governing Malaysia – to refer to Lee instead, as Lee was perceived to be a Chinese chauvinist himself. Lee was the first to use the phrase "ultras" in 1964, when he publicly demanded that UMNO's leadership "Smack down their ultras." This

270-515: The Republic of Singapore . Malay Peninsula comprises the southern tip of Myanmar , Peninsular Malaysia, and Southern Thailand . Ethnicity in Peninsular Malaysia (2020) The majority of people in Peninsular Malaysia are ethnic Malays , predominantly Muslims . Large Chinese and Indian populations exist. The Orang Asli are the indigenous people of Peninsular Malaysia; in 2022, they numbered around 209,575 and mostly lived in inland parts of

297-440: The Strait of Johor , lies the island country of Singapore . Most of Peninsular Malaysia's interior is forested, mountainous and rural; the majority of Malaysia's population and economy are concentrated on the coastal western half, which is where the country's prominent urban areas are located. Peninsular Malaysia consists of 11 out of the 13  states , and two out of the three federal territories of Malaysia, which includes

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324-561: The 13 May riots. Then Home Minister Ismail Abdul Rahman would issue an explanation of the decision where he stated: "These ultras believe in the wild and fantastic theory of absolute dominion by one race over the other communities, regardless of the Constitution." Musa and Mahathir would later be rehabilitated by the Tunku's successor, Tun Abdul Razak . In some cases, Lee also would refer to media outlets as "ultras"; he once criticised

351-539: The Borneo States and Singapore . The term should also not be confused with the Malay Peninsula , which includes lands that are a part of Myanmar and Thailand . Peninsular Malaysia (States of Malaya) comprises the states of Johor , Kedah , Kelantan , Malacca , Negeri Sembilan , Pahang , Penang , Perak , Perlis , Selangor , and Terengganu , as well as the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya . Malaya comprises Peninsular Malaysia and

378-678: The Federation as they were originally associated under British Malaya but later separated and were governed separately after the formation of the Malayan Union . Even when the Malayan Union transformed into the Federation of Malaya, Singapore was not a part of it. Although politically distinct, Malaya was then seen geographically as comprising the States of the Federation of Malaya in the Peninsula and Singapore. In order to facilitate

405-529: The Malays, who tended to view a Malaysian Malaysia as a "Chinese Malaysia". It has been speculated that this was due to the limited vocabulary of Malay at the time; the only Malay word for "nation" then was "bangsa", which was also synonymous with race. Since there was (and is) no "Malaysian race", it has been argued that some Malays considered anything other than a "Malay nation" as threatening to their rights. The conflict between Lee and his Chinese-majority PAP with

432-515: The Malaysian government culminated in the secession of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965. The usage of the phrase "ultra" declined greatly in the 1970s, not long after the 13 May riots of 1969. This may have been due to strong restrictions on making potentially incendiary declarations in public; even Parliament was banned from discussing the repeal of certain articles of the Constitution, such as Article 153, which touched on Malay rights. Due to this,

459-719: The manuscript, Lee had reportedly underlined in thick pencil the word "ultra" and placed an exclamation mark over it. Some of the perceived Malay "ultras" were Syed Jaafar Albar , once the UMNO Secretary-General, Syed Nasir Ismail , a strong advocate of expanding the scope of the Malay language in Malaysian society , Mahathir Mohamad , then a UMNO Member of Parliament and future Prime Minister of Malaysia , and Musa Hitam , another UMNO MP who would later serve as Mahathir's deputy. What these men had in common

486-454: The merger, the Borneo States (which initially also included Brunei ) were brought in as well as it was believed that with the inclusion of the various ethnic groups in Borneo, the racial arithmetic would be offset such that the influx of ethnic Chinese from Singapore would not politically overwhelm Malaya, satisfying the Malay ultras . Ultimately, both Malaysia and Singapore agreed that after

513-470: The mid-1960s. In addition, the Linggui Dam completed and impounded in 1993 also supplements the water supply to both Johor and Singapore. Evidence of the presence of a viable breeding population of dugongs in the waters of the Johor River estuary was collected between 1974 and 1989. This Johor location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to

540-596: The national capital of Kuala Lumpur . The states are listed as the following: Originally comprising the states and territories of the Federation of Malaya , the then Federation under the Malaysia Agreement merged with the Crown Colony of North Borneo , the Crown Colony of Sarawak , and the self-governing State of Singapore to form the new Federation called Malaysia . The merger was initially proposed in order to reunify Singapore with its hinterland in

567-596: The other non-autonomous states in the Peninsula. Although this arrangement was brief and Singapore was ultimately expelled from the Federation two years later in 1965, becoming a fully sovereign country, the Interpretation Act 1965 of the Parliament of Singapore still defines Malaya as comprising the States of Malaya and Singapore in a geographical sense. Today, the States of Malaya are colloquially referred to as Peninsular Malaysia and West Malaysia, excluding

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594-442: The region. As of 2012, Peninsular Malaysia oil production stood at 520,000 barrel of oil equivalent per day. The term East Coast ( Malay : Pantai Timur ; Jawi : ڤنتاي تيمور) is particularly used in Malaysia to describe the following states in Peninsular Malaysia facing the South China Sea , a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean : The term West Coast ( Malay : Pantai Barat ; Jawi : ڤنتاي بارت) refers informally to

621-465: The stage for the 1964 Race riots in Singapore . Syed Nasir Ismail had insisted on closing down all Chinese schools in Malaysia as soon as possible, making Malay the sole official language. Mahathir was a strong proponent of strengthened affirmative action for the Malays, and reportedly demanded (together with Syed Nasir Ismail and Syed Jaafar Albar) a one-party Malay-only government led by UMNO in

648-529: The state is located on the Straits of Johor of the Indian Ocean . The East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia is socioculturally different in terms of overall racial composition and political affiliations compared to the West Coast – the states' demographics in the former are overwhelmingly Malay and its people lean towards social conservative and Islamist values, their electoral representation dominated by

675-698: The wake of the 13 May racial riots in Kuala Lumpur, the Malaysian capital. He would later author The Malay Dilemma , which contended that the Malays as the "definitive people" of Malaysia had a birthright guaranteeing them special privileges such as those outlined by Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia . Musa, who was closely associated with Mahathir, thus became also associated with Mahathir's "ultra" approach to politics. Both would later be expelled from UMNO by then Prime Minister and UMNO President Tunku Abdul Rahman after Mahathir's reaction to

702-605: Was barely a year after Singapore had merged with Malaya , Sabah , and Sarawak to form a united Malaysia , and this profoundly troubled the UMNO leadership. It is not clear where Lee got the idea of labelling Malay chauvinists as "ultras", but it is possible that he may have obtained it from a student's PhD thesis. In 1960, Lee served on a three-man panel that evaluated Gordon Paul Means ' PhD thesis, entitled "Malayan Government and Politics in Transition". On one page of his copy of

729-520: Was their perceived support of ketuanan Melayu , or Malay supremacy (although these exact phrases were then not in vogue). Syed Jaafar Albar had campaigned strongly for the Singaporean branch of UMNO in the 1963 Singaporean general election , and made heated statements condemning Malay PAP politicians as un-Islamic, anti-Malays, and traitors to their community. Othman Wok , a senior Malay PAP politician, later insinuated Syed Jaafar's rhetoric had set

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