110-590: John Dexter (2 August 1925 – 23 March 1990) was an English theatre, opera and film director. Born in Derby , Derbyshire , England, Dexter left school at the age of fourteen to serve in the British Army during the Second World War . Following the war, he began working as a stage actor before turning to producing and directing shows for repertory companies. In 1957, he was appointed Associate Director of
220-529: A nodule developed on his vocal cords , causing a "disastrous" concert in Ferrara , he decided to give up singing. Pavarotti attributed his immediate improvement to the psychological release connected with this decision. Whatever the reason, the nodule not only disappeared but, as he related in his autobiography: "Everything I had learned came together with my natural voice to make the sound I had been struggling so hard to achieve". Pavarotti began his career as
330-439: A 1916 raid on the town. All Saints Church was designated as a cathedral in 1927, signalling that the town was ready for city status. Slum clearance in the 1920s and 1930s saw the central area of Derby become less heavily populated as families were rehoused on new council estates in the suburbs, where houses for private sale were also constructed. Rehousing, council house building and private housing developments continued on
440-492: A child, Pavarotti enjoyed playing football . When he graduated from the Scuola Magistrale he was interested in pursuing a career as a professional football goalkeeper , but his mother convinced him to train as a teacher. He subsequently taught in an elementary school for two years but finally decided to pursue a music career. His father, recognising the risk involved, only reluctantly gave his consent. Pavarotti began
550-531: A complete L'elisir d'amore with Sutherland. His breakthrough in the United States came on 17 February 1972, in a production of La fille du régiment at New York's Metropolitan Opera , in which he hit nine high Cs in the signature aria and had seventeen curtain calls. Pavarotti sang his international recital début at William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri , on 1 February 1973, as part of
660-587: A design and development centre and in the 1930s, on the direction of Lord Stamp , the LMS Scientific Research Laboratory was opened on London Road. In 1911, the Derby Wireless Club was formed by a group of local engineers and experimenters. It was to be the first radio or "wireless club" in the country. The early activities of the club, (even through World Wars), pushed the boundaries of 'wireless' technologies at
770-524: A large scale for some 30 years after the end of World War II in 1945. Production and repair work continued at the railway works. In December 1947 the Locomotive Works unveiled Britain's first mainline passenger diesel-electric locomotive – "Number 10000" . In 1958 production switched over to diesel locomotives completely. Meanwhile, the Carriage & Wagon Works were building the first of
880-526: A new Zeffirelli production of Don Carlos , conducted by Riccardo Muti. Pavarotti became even better known throughout the world in 1990 when his rendition of the aria " Nessun dorma " from Giacomo Puccini 's Turandot was taken as the theme song of BBC 's coverage of the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy. The aria achieved pop status, became the World Cup soundtrack, and it remained his trademark song. This
990-651: A record attendance of 150,000. In June 1993, more than 500,000 listeners gathered for his free performance on the Great Lawn of New York's Central Park , while millions more around the world watched on television. The following September, in the shadow of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, he sang for an estimated crowd of 300,000. Following on from the original 1990 concert, the Three Tenors concerts were held during
1100-532: A sciatic nerve required two months of treatment. On 12 December 1998, he became the first (and, to date, only) opera singer to perform on Saturday Night Live , singing alongside Vanessa L. Williams . He also sang with U2 in the band's 1995 song " Miss Sarajevo " and with Mercedes Sosa in a big concert at the Boca Juniors arena La Bombonera in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1999. In 1998, Pavarotti
1210-412: A statement, "The Maestro fought a long, tough battle against the pancreatic cancer which eventually took his life. In fitting with the approach that characterised his life and work, he remained positive until finally succumbing to the last stages of his illness". Pavarotti's funeral was held at Modena Cathedral . The then Prime Minister Romano Prodi and Kofi Annan attended. The Frecce Tricolori ,
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#17327835226521320-830: A tenor in smaller regional Italian opera houses, making his debut as Rodolfo in La bohème at the Teatro Municipale in Reggio Emilia in April 1961. His first known recording of " Che gelida manina " was recorded during this performance. Pavarotti's first of two marriages was to Adua Veroni which lasted from 1961 to 2000 and they had three daughters: Lorenza, Cristina, and Giuliana. He made his first international appearance in La traviata in Belgrade , Yugoslavia . Very early in his career, on 23 February 1963, he debuted at
1430-750: Is 263,490 (2022). The Romans established the town of Derventio , which was later captured by the Anglo-Saxons and then by the Vikings who made Djúra-bý one of the Five Boroughs of the Danelaw . Initially a market town , Derby grew rapidly in the industrial era and was home to Lombe's Mill , an early British factory and it contains the southern part of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. With
1540-422: Is built upon, with nearby areas linked if within 200 metres. It had a total population of 270,468 at the time of the 2011 census . An increase of over 10% since the 2001 census recorded population of 236,738; comprising population increases since 2001 along with new minor residential areas, and larger sub-divisions.The Derby built-up area is considered to be most of the city, as well as outlying villages within
1650-466: Is divided by water". These areas of land were known as Norþworþig ("Northworthy"="north enclosure") and Deoraby , and were at the "Irongate" (north) side of Derby. During the Civil War of 1642–1646, Derby was garrisoned by Parliamentary troops commanded by Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet , who was appointed Governor of Derby in 1643. These troops took part in the defence of nearby Nottingham ,
1760-505: Is located in the south-west of the city at Burnaston . The Roman camp of Derventio is considered to have been at Little Chester /Chester Green ( grid reference SK353375 ), the site of the old Roman fort. Later, the town was one of the " Five Boroughs " (fortified towns) of the Danelaw , until it was captured by Lady Æthelflæd of Mercia in July 917, after which the town was annexed to
1870-581: Is represented by three MPs. Derby's emblem is the Derby Ram, about which there is a folk song titled " The Derby Ram ". It is found in a number of places, most notably serving as the nickname of Derby County F.C. The logo of the City Council's services is a stylised ram. Derby is in a relatively low-lying area along the lower valley of the River Derwent , where the south-east foothills of
1980-520: The "Freedom of London Award" and The Red Cross "Award for Services to Humanity" , for his work in raising money for that organisation, and the 1998 " MusiCares Person of the Year " , given to humanitarian heroes by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences . He was a National Patron of Delta Omicron , an international professional music fraternity. His first will was opened
2090-549: The 1990 FIFA World Cup before a global audience, Pavarotti became well known for his televised concerts and media appearances. From the beginning of his professional career as a tenor in 1961 in Italy to his final performance of " Nessun dorma " at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , Pavarotti was at his best in bel canto operas, pre- Aida Verdi roles, and Puccini works such as La bohème , Tosca , Turandot and Madama Butterfly . He sold over 100 million records, and
2200-730: The 25th anniversary of her ascension to the throne . The Queen presented the "charter scroll" or "letters patent" in person on 28 July 1977 on the steps of the Council House to the then Mayor Councillor Jeffrey Tillet (Conservative). Until then, Derby had been one of the few towns in England with a cathedral but not city status. Derby holds an important position in the history of the Labour movement as one of two seats (the other being Keir Hardie 's in Merthyr Tydfil ) gained by
2310-515: The BBC , Pavarotti rejected the allegation that he could not read music, although he acknowledged he did not read orchestral scores. His awards and honours include Kennedy Center Honors in 2001. He also holds two Guinness World Records : one for receiving the most curtain calls (165) and another for the best-selling classical album ( Carreras Domingo Pavarotti in Concert by the Three Tenors ;
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#17327835226522420-663: The Diesel Multiple Units that were to take over many of the services. In 1964 the British Rail Research Division opened to study all aspects of railway engineering from first principles. Its first success was in drastically improving the reliability and speed of goods trains, work which led to the development of the Advanced Passenger Train . Derby was awarded city status on 7 June 1977 by Queen Elizabeth II to mark
2530-500: The Duke of Devonshire had set up his headquarters in late November after raising The Derbyshire Blues ) and demanded billets for the 9,000 troops under his command. The prince stayed at Exeter House on Full Street, where he held a council of war on 5 December which decided to retreat. Stuart had received misleading information about a government army coming to meet him south of Derby. He abandoned his invasion at Swarkestone Bridge on
2640-818: The English Stage Company based at the Royal Court . Dexter's first great success was his production of Roots , in 1959, which brought Joan Plowright to prominence. He went on to direct Toys in the Attic (with Wendy Hiller , 1960) and Saint Joan (1963). In 1964, he was named Associate Director of the National Theatre of Great Britain, and he produced The Royal Hunt of the Sun (1964). That year, he also directed Othello , with Sir Laurence Olivier , Maggie Smith and Frank Finlay . It
2750-650: The Fabian Society . On his death in 1894, he left the society an amount in his will which was instrumental in founding the London School of Economics . The beginning of 19th century saw Derby emerging as an engineering centre, with manufacturers such as James Fox , who exported machine tools to Russia. In 1840, the North Midland Railway set up its works in Derby and when it merged with
2860-618: The International Eisteddfod in Llangollen , Wales. He later said that this was the most important experience of his life, and that it inspired him to become a professional singer. At about this time Pavarotti first met Adua Veroni. They married in 1961. When his teacher Arrigo Pola moved to Japan, Pavarotti became a student of Ettore Campogalliani , who at that time was also teaching Pavarotti's childhood friend, Mirella Freni , whose mother worked with Luciano's mother in
2970-664: The Italy-USA Foundation 's America Award in 2013 and the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music in 2014. In addition to his very large discography of opera performances Pavarotti also made many classical crossover and pop recordings, the Pavarotti & Friends series of concerts and, for Decca, a series of studio recital albums: first six albums of opera arias and then, from 1979, six albums of Italian song. The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by
3080-688: The Kennedy Center ; the Kennedy Center Honors , He was surprised by the appearance of Secretary-General of the United Nations and that year's winner of the Nobel Peace Prize , Kofi Annan , who lauded him for his contribution to humankind. Six months prior, Pavarotti had held a large charity concert for Afghan refugees, particularly children in his home town of Modena, Italy. Other honours he received include
3190-617: The Midland Counties Railway and the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway to form the Midland Railway , Derby became its headquarters. The connection with the railway encouraged others, notably Andrew Handyside , Charles Fox and his son Francis Fox . A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of Normanton Barracks in 1877. Derby was one of the boroughs reformed by
3300-651: The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 , and it became a county borough with the Local Government Act 1888 . The borough expanded in 1877 to include Little Chester and Litchurch , and then in 1890 to include New Normanton and Rowditch. The borough did not increase substantially again until 1968, when under a recommendation of the Local Government Boundary Commission it was expanded into large parts of
3410-659: The Nansen Medal from the UN High Commission for Refugees for his efforts in raising money on behalf of refugees worldwide. Through benefit concerts and volunteer work, he has raised more than any other individual. Also in 2001, Pavarotti was chosen one of that year's five recipients by the President and First Lady as an honoree for their lifetime achievements in the arts at the White House , followed by
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3520-648: The PalaTrussardi in Milan, produced and wrote the television documentary The Best is Yet to Come , an extensive biography about the life of Pavarotti. Lara Saint Paul was the interviewer for the documentary with Pavarotti, who spoke candidly about his life and career. Pavarotti's rise to stardom was not without occasional difficulties, however. He earned a reputation as "The King of Cancellations" by frequently backing out of performances, and his unreliable nature led to poor relationships with some opera houses. This
3630-863: The Pennines adjoin the lowlands and valley of the River Trent to the south. The city is bordered by four national character areas , the Trent Valley Washlands to the south, the Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Yorkshire Coalfields in the east, the South Derbyshire Claylands in the west, and the Derbyshire Peak Fringe in the north. Most of the flat plains surrounding Derby lie in the Trent Valley Washlands and South Derbyshire Claylands, while
3740-457: The River Derwent and storage tanks for distribution. This was designed and built by local engineer George Sorocold . During the Jacobite rising of 1745 , Jacobite Army troops led by Prince Charles Edward Stuart arrived in Derby on 4 December 1745, whilst on their way to London to attempt to overthrow the reigning House of Hanover . Stuart called at The George Inn on Irongate (where
3850-455: The River Trent , a few miles south of Derby. The prince, who on the march from Scotland had walked at the front of the column, made the return journey on horseback at the rear of the bedraggled and tired army. Shrovetide football was played at Derby every year, possibly from as early as the 12th century. The town was split into the St Peter's and All Saints parishes, who fought to bring
3960-704: The Salzburg Festival Hall flew black flags in mourning. Tributes were published by many opera houses, such as London's Royal Opera House . Pavarotti's one venture into film was Yes, Giorgio (1982), a romantic comedy movie directed by Franklin J. Schaffner , in which he starred as the main character Giorgio Fini. The film was a critical and commercial failure, although it received an Academy Award nomination for Best Music, Original Song. He can be seen to better advantage in Jean-Pierre Ponnelle 's movie Rigoletto , an adaptation of
4070-720: The South Derbyshire district, at Boulton Moor / Thulston Fields , Stenson Fields , and the Mickleover Country Park residential development (The Pastures) within Burnaston parish. The urban area is bounded to the east by a narrow gap between Borrowash and Draycott (to the west of the Breaston urban area sub-division of the Nottingham BUA ). It is also close to other nearby urban areas to
4180-588: The Spice Girls , Sting and Barry White to raise money for several UN causes. Concerts were held for War Child , and victims of war and civil unrest in Bosnia, Guatemala, Kosovo and Iraq. After the war in Bosnia , he financed and established the Pavarotti Music Centre in the southern city of Mostar to offer Bosnia's artists the opportunity to develop their skills. For these contributions,
4290-943: The Vienna State Opera and La Scala . Vienna saw Pavarotti as Rodolfo in La bohème with Carlos Kleiber conducting and again Mirella Freni was Mimi; as Nemorino in L'elisir d'amore ; as Radames in Aida conducted by Lorin Maazel; as Rodolfo in Luisa Miller ; and as Gustavo in Un ballo in maschera conducted by Claudio Abbado. In 1996, Pavarotti appeared for the last time at the Staatsoper in Andrea Chénier . Throughout
4400-517: The Vienna State Opera in the same role. In March and April 1963 Vienna saw Pavarotti again as Rodolfo and as Duca di Mantova in Rigoletto . The same year saw his first concert outside Italy when he sang in Dundalk , Ireland for the St Cecilia's Gramophone Society, he was engaged by the Dublin Grand Opera Society to sing The Duke of Mantua in Verdi's Rigoletto in May and June, and his Royal Opera House debut, where he replaced an indisposed Giuseppe Di Stefano as Rodolfo. In 1964, when Pavarotti
4510-413: The districts of Amber Valley and Erewash which adjoin the city. This overall area is, by ONS' figures, the 29th largest in the UK . Because methods of measuring linked areas were redefined for the 2011 census, Breadsall , Duffield and Little Eaton were included. However, Quarndon is not considered to be a component as it is marginally too distant. It extends south to small adjoining estates in
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4620-432: The first Three Tenors recording became the best-selling classical album of all time. Pavarotti was also noted for his charity work on behalf of refugees and the Red Cross , amongst others. He was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic in 1988, and died from pancreatic cancer on 6 September 2007. Luciano Pavarotti was born in 1935 on the outskirts of Modena in Northern Italy ,
4730-506: The 1980s and 90s, promoters Tibor Rudas and Harvey Goldsmith booked Pavarotti into increasingly larger venues. In 1985, Pavarotti sang Radames at La Scala opposite Maria Chiara in a Luca Ronconi production conducted by Maazel, recorded on video. His performance of the aria "Celeste Aida" received a two-minute ovation on the opening night. He was reunited with Mirella Freni for the San Francisco Opera production of La bohème in 1988, also recorded on video. In 1992, La Scala saw Pavarotti in
4840-590: The 1990s the firm was bought by Rolls-Royce plc and then sold on again to ABB Group . Derby was the home of Core Design (originally based on Ashbourne Road), who developed the successful video game Tomb Raider . When Derby's inner ring road was completed in 2010, a section of it was named 'Lara Croft Way' after the game's heroine Lara Croft . Luciano Pavarotti Luciano Pavarotti OMRI ( / ˌ p æ v ə ˈ r ɒ t i / , US also / ˌ p ɑː v -/ , Italian: [luˈtʃaːno pavaˈrɔtti] ; 12 October 1935 – 6 September 2007)
4950-535: The Australia tour that summer, she recommended the young Pavarotti as he was acquainted with the role. Shortly after, on 28 April, Pavarotti made his La Scala debut in the revival of the Franco Zeffirelli production of La bohème, with his childhood friend Mirella Freni singing Mimi and Herbert von Karajan conducting. Karajan had requested the singer's engagement. During the Australia tour in summer 1965, Sutherland and Pavarotti sang some forty performances over two months, and Pavarotti later credited Sutherland for
5060-403: The German radio-beam navigations systems (X-Verfahren and Knickebein , camouflage and decoy techniques (" Starfish sites ") were built, mainly south of the town, e.g. out in fields near Foremark . ) Derby has also become a significant cultural centre for the deaf community in Britain. Many deaf people move to Derby because of its strong sign language -using community. It is estimated that
5170-435: The Italian government more than $ 7.6 million in back taxes and penalties as a result of tax evasion charges that dated from 1989 to 1995. Pavarotti was subsequently fully acquitted by an Italian court of filing false tax returns in 2001. On 13 December 2003, he married his second wife and former personal assistant, Nicoletta Mantovani (born 1969), with whom he already had another daughter, Alice. Alice's twin brother, Riccardo,
5280-453: The Kingdom of Mercia. The Viking name Djúra-bý , recorded in Old English as Deoraby , means "village of the deer". However, the origin of the name Derby has had multiple influences: a variation of the original Roman name Derventio with pronunciation of the letter "v" as "b", becoming Derbentio , and later Derby, along with a link to the river Derwent – from the Celtic meaning "valley thick with oaks" – which flows through
5390-412: The Royal Opera, Covent Garden , in 1966, with Benvenuto Cellini , with Nicolai Gedda , and, in 1983, he staged a double-bill of Le rossignol (with Natalia Makarova ) and L'enfant et les sortilèges for the company. At the Hamburg State Opera , he staged Les vêpres siciliennes (1969), From the House of the Dead (1972), Billy Budd (with Richard Stilwell , 1972), Boris Godunov (in
5500-964: The Shostakovich edition, 1972) and Un ballo in maschera (with Luciano Pavarotti and Sherrill Milnes , 1973). For Sadler's Wells , he produced The Devils of Loudun in 1973. At the Metropolitan Opera (where he was Director of Production from 1974 to 1981, then Production Advisor from 1981 to 1984), Dexter mounted new productions of Les vêpres siciliennes (with Montserrat Caballé , 1974), Aïda (with Leontyne Price , 1976), Le prophète (with Marilyn Horne , 1977), Dialogues des Carmélites (1977), Lulu (1977), Rigoletto (with Cornell MacNeil and Plácido Domingo , 1977), Billy Budd (with Sir Peter Pears , 1978), The Bartered Bride (with Teresa Stratas and Jon Vickers , 1978), Don Pasquale (with Beverly Sills , 1978), Don Carlos (with Renata Scotto , 1979), Die Entführung aus dem Serail (with Edda Moser , later Zdzisława Donat , 1979), Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny (1979) and
5610-435: The aerobatic demonstration team of the Italian Air Force , flew overhead, leaving green-white-red smoke trails. After a funeral procession through the centre of Modena, Pavarotti's coffin was taken the final ten kilometres (6 miles) to Montale Rangone, a village part of Castelnuovo Rangone , and was interred in the Pavarotti family crypt. The funeral, in its entirety, was also telecast live on CNN . The Vienna State Opera and
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#17327835226525720-520: The album as a wedding gift to Nicoletta Mantovani. That same year he was made a Commander of Monaco's Order of Cultural Merit . In 2004, one of Pavarotti's former managers, Herbert Breslin , published a book, The King & I . Seen by critics as bitter and sensationalistic , it is critical of the singer's acting (in opera), his inability to read music well and learn parts, and his personal conduct, although acknowledging their success together. In an interview in 2005 with Jeremy Paxman on
5830-436: The arrival of the railways in the 19th century, Derby became a centre of the British rail industry . Despite having a cathedral since 1927, Derby did not gain city status until 1977. Derby is a centre for advanced transport manufacturing. It is home to engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce and Alstom (formerly Bombardier Transportation ) has a production facility at the Derby Litchurch Lane Works ; Toyota 's UK headquarters
5940-405: The ball from the Market Place to a goal within their own parishes. There were several attempts to ban the game, described in 1846 as "the barbarous and disgusting play of Foot-Ball, which for a great number of years has annually disgraced our town". In that year the military were brought in and after the police cut the first ball to pieces, another ball was produced and the town's Mayor was "stuck on
6050-400: The breathing technique that would sustain him over his career. After the extended Australian tour, he returned to La Scala, where he added Tebaldo from I Capuleti e i Montecchi to his repertoire on 26 March 1966, with Giacomo Aragall as Romeo. His first appearance as Tonio in Donizetti's La fille du régiment took place at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, on 2 June of that year. It
6160-443: The cigar factory. Like Pavarotti, Freni went on to become a successful opera singer; they would go on to collaborate in various stage performances and recordings together. During his years of musical study, Pavarotti held part-time jobs in order to sustain himself—first as an elementary school teacher and then as an insurance salesman. The first six years of study resulted in only a few recitals, all in small towns and without pay. When
6270-401: The city in 1943. For the following year, they rented a single room from a farmer in the neighbouring countryside, where the young Pavarotti developed an interest in farming. After abandoning the dream of becoming a football goalkeeper , Pavarotti spent seven years in vocal training. Pavarotti's earliest musical influences were his father's records, most of them featuring the popular tenors of
6380-424: The city of Sarajevo named him an honorary citizen in 2006. He performed at benefit concerts to raise money for victims of tragedies such as the Spitak earthquake that killed 25,000 people in northern Armenia in December 1988, and sang Gounod's Ave Maria with legendary French pop music star and ethnic Armenian Charles Aznavour . He was a close friend of Diana, Princess of Wales . They raised money for
6490-428: The city, triggering a shortened version of Derwent by , meaning 'Derwent settlement'. The town name appears as Darbye on early maps, such as that of John Speed , 1610. Modern research (2004) into the history and archaeology of Derby has provided evidence that the Vikings and Anglo-Saxons would have co-existed, occupying two areas of land surrounded by water. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (c. 900) says that "Derby
6600-424: The college's Fine Arts Program, now known as the Harriman–Jewell Series. Perspiring due to nerves and a lingering cold, the tenor clutched a handkerchief throughout the début. The prop became a signature part of his solo performances. He began to give frequent television performances, starting with his performances as Rodolfo ( La bohème ) in the first Live from the Met telecast in March 1977, which attracted one of
6710-634: The day after his death; a second will was opened within the same month of September. He left an estate outside his native Modena (now a museum), a villa in Pesaro , his flat in Monte Carlo , and three flats in New York City. Pavarotti's widow's lawyers, Giorgio Bernini and Anna Maria Bernini, and manager Terri Robson announced on 30 June 2008 that his family amicably settled his estate—€300 million ($ 474.2 million, including $ 15 million in U.S. assets). Pavarotti drafted two wills before his death: one divided his assets by Italian law, giving half to his second wife, Nicoletta Mantovani, and half to his four daughters;
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#17327835226526820-425: The day— Beniamino Gigli , Giovanni Martinelli , Tito Schipa , and Enrico Caruso . Pavarotti's favourite tenor and idol was Giuseppe Di Stefano and he was also deeply influenced by Mario Lanza , saying: "In my teens I used to go to Mario Lanza movies and then come home and imitate him in the mirror". At around the age of nine, he began singing with his father in a small local church choir. In addition to music, as
6930-726: The deaf population in Derby is at least three times higher than the national average, and that only London has a larger deaf population. The Royal School for the Deaf on Ashbourne Road provides education in British Sign Language and English. By traditional definitions, Derby is the county town of Derbyshire ; the county's quarter sessions were held at Derby and knights of the shire were elected there, with County Hall on St Mary's Gate being built in 1660 to host such courts and meetings. When elected county councils were established in 1889, Derbyshire County Council initially used County Hall as its meeting place, but moved to Smedley's Hydro in Matlock in 1955. Between 1889 and 1974 Derby
7040-948: The driest month. This location is classified as Cfb according to the Köppen climate classification . Under the Köppen climatic classification Derby has an oceanic climate along with the rest of the British Isles. The average annual temperature is 9.7 °C. Precipitation averages 694 mm. The highest temperature ever recorded in Derby was 34.1 °C (93.4 °F), recorded at Markeaton Park on 3 August 1990, Derby's two biggest employers, Rolls-Royce Holdings and Toyota , are engaged in engineering manufacturing. Other companies of note include railway systems engineering firm Alstom , who manufacture railway rolling stock at Derby Litchurch Lane Works ; First Source, who deal with much of Sky's telephone support; and Triton Equity, who took over Alstom's manufacturing plant for large power plant boilers and heat exchangers in 2014. Derby power station on Silkmill Lane supplied electricity to
7150-459: The elimination of land mines worldwide. In 1998, he was appointed the United Nations Messenger of Peace , using his fame to raise awareness of UN issues, including the Millennium Development Goals , HIV/AIDS , child rights , urban slums and poverty. In 1999, Pavarotti performed a charity benefit concert in Beirut , to mark Lebanon's re-emergence on the world stage after a brutal 15-year civil war . The largest concert held in Beirut since
7260-410: The end of the war, it was attended by 20,000 people who travelled from countries as distant as Saudi Arabia and Bulgaria . In 1999 he also hosted a charity benefit concert to build a school in Guatemala, for Guatemalan civil war orphans. It was named after him Centro Educativo Pavarotti . Now the foundation of Nobel prize winner Rigoberta Menchú Tum is running the school. In 2001, Pavarotti received
7370-474: The hillier, northern parts of the city lie within the Derbyshire Peak Fringe and the Coalfields. The city is around 16 miles (26 km) from Coton in the Elms , the farthest place from coastal waters in the United Kingdom . The Derby Built-up Area (BUA) or Derby Urban Area is an area including Derby and adjoining built-up districts of Derbyshire, including Borrowash and Duffield . The Office for National Statistics defines an urban area as one which
7480-415: The hospital in New York, forcing cancellation of concerts in the U.S., Canada, and the U.K. On 10 February 2006, Pavarotti performed " Nessun dorma " at the 2006 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in Turin , Italy, at his final performance. In the last act of the opening ceremony, his performance received the longest and loudest ovation of the night from the international crowd. Leone Magiera, who directed
7590-457: The largest audiences ever for a televised opera. He won Grammy awards and platinum and gold discs for his performances. In 1976, Pavarotti debuted at the Salzburg Festival , appearing in a solo recital on 31 July, accompanied by pianist Leone Magiera. Pavarotti returned to the festival in 1978 with a recital and as the Italian singer in Der Rosenkavalier in 1983 with Idomeneo , and both in 1985 and 1988 with solo recitals. In 1979, he
7700-413: The latter record is thus shared by fellow tenors Plácido Domingo and José Carreras ). Pavarotti began his farewell tour in 2004, at the age of 69, performing one last time in old and new locations, after more than four decades on the stage. On 13 March 2004, Pavarotti gave his last performance in an opera at the New York Metropolitan Opera , for which he received a long standing ovation for his role as
7810-403: The north. Notes: Derby has a green belt area defined to the north and east of the city, first drawn up in the 1950s, to prevent convergence with the surrounding towns and villages. It extends for several miles into the counties of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, covering much of the area up to Nottingham. Derby's climate is classified as warm and temperate. There is precipitation even during
7920-477: The opening verses using extended vocal runs for di Capua's " O Sole Mio " and which was in turn perfectly repeated note-for-note by Domingo and Carreras. The recorded album sold millions of copies, and the first Three Tenors recording became the best-selling classical album of all time. Throughout the 1990s, Pavarotti appeared in outdoor concerts, including his televised concert in London's Hyde Park , which drew
8030-574: The opera of the same name also released in 1982, or in his more than 20 live opera performances taped for television between 1978 and 1994, most of them with the Metropolitan Opera , and most available on DVD. He received two Primetime Emmy Awards for his PBS variety specials Pavarotti in Philadelphia: La Boheme and Duke of Mantua, Rigoletto Great Performances . Pavarotti , a 2019 documentary film about him,
8140-634: The painter Joseph Wright , known as Wright of Derby, who was known for his innovative use of light in his paintings and was an associate of the Royal Academy ; and John Whitehurst , a clockmaker and philosopher. Erasmus Darwin , doctor, scientist, philosopher and grandfather of Charles Darwin , moved to Derby in 1782 and founded the Derby Philosophical Society . Derby's place in the country's philosophical and political life continued with Henry Hutchinson, an active member of
8250-767: The painter Mario Cavaradossi in Giacomo Puccini 's Tosca . On 1 December 2004, he announced a 40-city farewell tour. Pavarotti and his manager, Terri Robson, commissioned impresario Harvey Goldsmith to produce the Worldwide Farewell Tour. His last full-scale performance was at the end of a two-month Australasian tour in Taiwan in December 2005. In March 2005, Pavarotti underwent neck surgery to repair two vertebrae . In early 2006, he underwent further back surgery and contracted an infection while in
8360-539: The performance, revealed in his 2008 memoirs, Pavarotti Visto da Vicino , that the performance had been recorded weeks earlier. "The orchestra pretended to play for the audience, I pretended to conduct and Luciano pretended to sing. The effect was wonderful," he wrote. Pavarotti's manager, Terri Robson, said that the tenor had turned the Winter Olympic Committee's invitation down several times because it would have been impossible to sing late at night in
8470-591: The recently formed Labour Representation Committee at the 1900 general election. The MP was Richard Bell , General Secretary of the Railway Servants Union . Bell was succeeded in 1910 by Jimmy Thomas and he in turn by the distinguished polymath and Nobel Laureate Philip Noel-Baker in 1936. Despite its strategic industries (rail and aero-engine ), Derby suffered comparatively little damage in both world wars (contrast Bristol and Filton ). This may in part have been because of jamming against
8580-471: The rural district of Belper , Repton and South East Derbyshire . This vastly increased Derby's population from 132,408 in the 1961 census to 219,578 in the 1971 census. Despite being one of the areas of Britain furthest from the sea , Derby holds a special place in the history of marine safety – it was as MP for Derby that Samuel Plimsoll introduced his bills for a " Plimsoll line " (and other marine safety measures). This failed on first introduction, but
8690-462: The second gave his U.S. holdings to Mantovani. The judge confirmed the compromise by the end of July 2008. However, a Pesaro public prosecutor , Massimo di Patria, investigated allegations that Pavarotti was not of sound mind when he signed the will. Pavarotti's estate has been settled "fairly", a lawyer for Mantovani said in statements after reports of a dispute between her and his three daughters from his first marriage. He posthumously received
8800-845: The secrets of silk-throwing from Piedmont in Italy (he is alleged to have been poisoned by the Piedmontese as revenge in 1722). In 1759, Jedediah Strutt patented and built a machine called the Derby Rib Attachment that revolutionised the manufacture of hose. This attachment was used on the Rev. Lee's Framework Knitting Machine; it was placed in front of – and worked in unison with – Lee's Frame, to produce ribbed hose (stockings). The partners were Jedediah Strutt, William Woollatt (who had been joined in 1758 by John Bloodworth and Thomas Stafford, all leading hosiers in Derby). The patent
8910-555: The serious study of music in 1954 at the age of 19 with Arrigo Pola , a respected teacher and professional tenor in Modena who offered to teach him without remuneration. According to conductor Richard Bonynge , Pavarotti never learned to read music. In 1955, he experienced his first singing success when he was a member of the Corale Rossini, a male voice choir from Modena that also included his father, which won first prize at
9020-464: The shoulder by a brick-bat, hurled by some ferocious ruffian, and severely bruised". The Derby Football was banned in 1846, although it was played once more in 1870. Derby and Derbyshire were among the centres of Britain's Industrial Revolution . In 1717, Derby was the site of the first water-powered silk mill in Britain, built by John Lombe and George Sorocold , after Lombe had reputedly stolen
9130-432: The siege of Lichfield , the battle of Hopton Heath and many other engagements in Nottinghamshire , Staffordshire and Cheshire , as well as successfully defending Derbyshire against Royalist armies. The first civic system of piped water in England was established in Derby in 1692, using wooden pipes, which was common for several centuries. The Derby Waterworks included waterwheel-powered pumps for raising water out of
9240-401: The son of Fernando Pavarotti, a baker and amateur tenor, and Adele Venturi, a cigar factory worker. Although he spoke fondly of his childhood, the family had little money; its four members were crowded into a two-room apartment. According to Pavarotti, his father had a fine tenor voice but rejected the possibility of a singing career because of nervousness. World War II forced the family out of
9350-571: The subzero conditions of Turin in February. The committee eventually persuaded him to take part by prerecording the song. While proceeding with an international " farewell tour ", Pavarotti was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in July 2006. He sought treatment following this diagnosis, undergoing major abdominal surgery and making plans for the resumption and conclusion of his singing commitments, but he died at his home in Modena on 6 September 2007. After his death, his manager, Terri Robson, noted in
9460-644: The three subsequent FIFA World Cup Finals , in 1994 in Los Angeles, 1998 in Paris, and 2002 in Yokohama. In September 1995, Pavarotti performed Schubert's Ave Maria along with Dolores O'Riordan ; Diana, Princess of Wales , who attended the live performance, told O'Riordan that the song brought her to tears. In 1995, Pavarotti's friends, the singer Lara Saint Paul (as Lara Cariaggi) and her husband showman Pier Quinto Cariaggi, who had produced and organised Pavarotti's 1990 FIFA World Cup Celebration Concert at
9570-429: The time in England, and promoted it into becoming a hobby for many local folk. {Over later years, as radio technology progressed, the club transitioned to become the Derby & District Amateur Radio Society (DADARS), continuing to host meetings and events for radio hobbyists with all the new technologies, into the early 2020s.} In World War I, Derby was targeted by German Zeppelin air bombers, who killed five people in
9680-460: The town and the surrounding area from 1893 until its closure in 1969. From 1922 Sinfin Lane was the home of the 62-acre (250,000 m ) site of International Combustion , originally manufacturers of machinery for the automatic delivery of pulverised fuel to furnaces and boilers , and later producing steam-generating boilers for use in electrical generating plant such as used in power stations. In
9790-799: The triple-bills (both designed by David Hockney ) of "Parade" ( Parade / Les mamelles de Tirésias / L'enfant et les sortilèges , 1981) and "Stravinsky" ( Le sacre du printemps / Le rossignol / Œdipus rex , 1981). For the Paris Opéra , he staged Les vêpres siciliennes (1974) and La forza del destino (1975). In Zurich , he produced Nabucco in 1986. In 1978, the Hamburg -based Alfred Toepfer Foundation awarded Dexter its annual Shakespeare Prize in recognition of his life's work. John Dexter died in London during heart surgery; he had also been afflicted with poliomyelitis and diabetes . His acerbic and witty autobiography, The Honourable Beast ,
9900-649: The visit, Pavarotti performed the inaugural concert in the Great Hall of the People before 10,000 people, receiving a standing ovation for nine high Cs. The third competition in 1989 again staged performances of L'elisir d'amore and Un ballo in maschera . The winners of the fifth competition accompanied Pavarotti in performances in Philadelphia in 1997. In the mid-1980s, Pavarotti returned to two opera houses that had provided him with important breakthroughs,
10010-476: The winners in 1982 in excerpts of La bohème and L'elisir d'amore . The second competition, in 1986, staged excerpts of La bohème and Un ballo in maschera . To celebrate the 25th anniversary of his career, he brought the winners of the competition to Italy for gala performances of La bohème in Modena and Genoa , and then to China where they staged performances of La bohème in Beijing ( Peking ). To conclude
10120-632: Was M. Butterfly (1988), on Broadway, and the following year, he staged Die Dreigroschenoper there (with Sting as Macheath), which was to be his final production. Dexter's debut feature-film was The Virgin Soldiers (with Lynn Redgrave , 1969). His second film was The Sidelong Glances of a Pigeon Kicker (aka, Pigeons , with Elaine Stritch , 1970); his third was I Want What I Want (1972). For Granada Television , Dexter directed Twelfth Night , with Sir Alec Guinness and Sir Ralph Richardson in 1969. Dexter made his operatic debut at
10230-569: Was stillborn after complications in January 2003. At the time of his death in September 2007, he was survived by his wife, his four daughters, and one granddaughter. In late 2003, he released his final compilation—and his first and only "crossover" album, Ti Adoro. Most of the 13 songs were written and produced by Michele Centonze, who had already helped produce the "Pavarotti & Friends" concerts between 1998 and 2000. The tenor described
10340-400: Was a county borough , independent from the county council. It then became a lower-tier district council with the county council providing county-level services between 1974 and 1997. On 1 April 1997, Derby City Council became a unitary authority , regaining its independence from the county council. On 7 July 2014, Derby's first ever Youth Mayor, Belal Butt (a student from Chellaston Academy),
10450-460: Was an Italian operatic tenor who during the late part of his career crossed over into popular music , eventually becoming one of the most acclaimed tenors of all time. He made numerous recordings of complete operas and individual arias , gaining worldwide fame for his tone, and gaining the nickname "King of the High Cs ". As one of the Three Tenors , who performed their first concert during
10560-565: Was brought into focus in 1989 when Ardis Krainik of the Lyric Opera of Chicago severed the house's 15-year relationship with the tenor. Over an eight-year period, Pavarotti had cancelled 26 out of 41 scheduled appearances at the Lyric, and the decisive move by Krainik to ban him for life was well noted throughout the opera world, after the performer walked away from a season premiere less than two weeks before rehearsals began, saying pain from
10670-697: Was considered a tremendous success. RCA recorded an audio version, and, the following year, Stuart Burge made a film of the production (now available on DVD) for BHE Films. Dexter continued with Hamlet (with music by Conrad Susa , 1969), Equus (one of his triumphs, 1973), Trevor Griffiths 's The Party (Lord Olivier's final stage appearance, 1973), Phaedra Britannica (with his friend, Diana Rigg , 1975), The Merchant (aka, Shylock , 1977), As You Like It (with music by Harrison Birtwistle , 1979), Life of Galileo (with Sir Michael Gambon , 1980), The Glass Menagerie (with Jessica Tandy , 1983) and Julius Caesar (1988). His final great success
10780-470: Was destroyed by fire on 12 January 1803 and then rebuilt, starting work again at the end of 1804; West Mill, 1792, commenced working 1796; Reeling Mill, 1897; Round Mill, which took 10 years to build, from 1803 to 1813, and commenced working in 1816; and Milford Mills, 1778. The Belper and Milford mills were not built in partnership with Arkwright; they were all owned and financed by Strutt. Other notable 18th-century figures with connections to Derby include
10890-602: Was directed by Ron Howard and produced with the cooperation of Pavarotti's estate using family archives, interviews and live music footage. Pavarotti annually hosted the Pavarotti & Friends charity concerts in his home town of Modena Italy , joining with singers from all parts of the music industry, including B.B. King , Andrea Bocelli , Zucchero , Jon Bon Jovi , Bryan Adams , Bono , James Brown , Mariah Carey , Eric Clapton , Dolores O'Riordan , Sheryl Crow , Céline Dion , Anastacia , Elton John , Deep Purple , Meat Loaf , Queen , George Michael , Tracy Chapman ,
11000-567: Was driven by horses. In 1771 Richard Arkwright, Samuel Need and Jedediah Strutt built the world's first commercially successful water-powered cotton spinning mill at Cromford , Derbyshire, developing a form of power that was to be a catalyst for the Industrial Revolution. This was followed in Derbyshire by Jedediah Strutt's cotton spinning mills at Belper . They were: South Mill, the first, 1775; North Mill, 1784, which
11110-476: Was elected by the Mayor of Derby . Derby was a single United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency represented by two members of parliament until 1950, when it was divided into the single-member constituencies of Derby North and Derby South . However, in 2010, the wards of Allestree, Oakwood and Spondon were moved to the new constituency of Mid Derbyshire , created for the 2010 general election. As of 2020, Derby
11220-590: Was engaged by the Dublin Grand Opera Society to sing Rudolfo in Giacomo Puccini 's La bohème and Alfredo in Giuseppe Verdi's La Traviata Reviewers favourably comment on his singing. While generally successful, Pavarotti's early roles did not immediately propel him into the stardom that he would later enjoy. An early coup involved his connection with Joan Sutherland (and her conductor husband, Richard Bonynge ), who in 1963
11330-530: Was followed by the first Three Tenors concert, held on the eve of the 1990 FIFA World Cup Final at the ancient Baths of Caracalla in Rome with fellow tenors Plácido Domingo and José Carreras and conductor Zubin Mehta . The performance for the World Cup closing concert captivated a global audience, and it became the biggest-selling classical record of all time. A highlight of the concert, in which Pavarotti sang
11440-569: Was his performances of this role that would earn him the title of "King of the High Cs". He scored another major triumph in Rome on 20 November 1969 when he sang in I Lombardi opposite Renata Scotto . This was recorded on a private label and widely distributed, as were various recordings of his I Capuleti e i Montecchi, usually with Aragall. Early commercial recordings included a recital of Donizetti (the aria from Don Sebastiano were particularly highly regarded) and Verdi arias , as well as
11550-550: Was obtained in January 1759. After three years, Bloodworth and Stafford were paid off, and Samuel Need – a hosier of Nottingham – joined the partnership. The firm was known as Need, Strutt and Woollatt. The patent expired in 1773 though the partnership continued until 1781 when Need died. Messrs Wright, the bankers of Nottingham, recommended that Richard Arkwright apply to Strutt and Need for finance for his cotton spinning mill. The first mill opened in Nottingham in 1770 and
11660-508: Was presented with the Grammy Legend Award . In 2001, Pavarotti was acquitted in an Italian court of a dispute concerning his official country of residency and taxable earnings. Pavarotti long claimed Monte Carlo in the tax haven of Monaco as his official residence, but an Italian court in 1999 had rejected that claim by ruling that his Monaco address could not accommodate his entire family. In 2000 Pavarotti agreed to pay
11770-488: Was profiled in a cover story in the weekly magazine Time . That same year saw Pavarotti's return to the Vienna State Opera after an absence of fourteen years. With Herbert von Karajan conducting, Pavarotti sang Manrico in Il trovatore . In 1978, he appeared in a solo recital on Live from Lincoln Center . At the beginning of the 1980s, he set up The Pavarotti International Voice Competition for young singers, performing with
11880-499: Was published posthumously, in which he wrote of his "Fury for perfection...." Derby Derby ( / ˈ d ɑːr b i / DAR -bee ) is a city and unitary authority area on the River Derwent in Derbyshire , England. Derbyshire is named after Derby, which was its original county town . As a unitary authority, Derby is administratively independent from Derbyshire County Council . The population of Derby
11990-802: Was seeking a tenor taller than herself to take along on her 1965 tour to Australia. With his commanding physical presence, Pavarotti proved ideal. However, before the summer 1965 Australia tour Pavarotti sang with Joan Sutherland when he made his American début with the Greater Miami Opera in February 1965, singing in Donizetti 's Lucia di Lammermoor on the stage of the Miami-Dade County Auditorium in Miami. The tenor scheduled to perform that night became ill with no understudy. As Sutherland had plans to travel with him on
12100-477: Was successful in 1876 and contributed to Plimsoll's re-election as an MP. An industrial boom began in Derby when Rolls-Royce opened a car and aircraft factory in the town in 1907. In 1923, the Midland Railway became part of the London, Midland & Scottish Railway with headquarters in London. However, Derby remained a major rail manufacturing centre, second only to Crewe and Wolverton . Moreover, it remained
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