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32-476: Changdeok Palace and Changgyeong Palace lie to the north of Jongmyo. Yulgok-ro separated Jongmyo from the palaces from 1932 to 2019, until Yulgok-ro was turned into a road tunnel and the connection between Jongmyo and the palaces restored. The main buildings of Jongmyo were constructed in October 1394 when Taejo , founder and first king of Joseon , moved the capital to Hanseong (present-day Seoul ). The shrine

64-531: A U-shaped water channel carved in 1636 for floating wine cups, with a small waterfall and an inscribed poem on the boulder above it. The area also contains five small pavilions. Changdeokgung was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1997. The UNESCO committee stated the place was an "outstanding example of Far Eastern palace architecture and garden design" being exceptional because the buildings are "integrated into and harmonized with

96-789: A copper bell weighing 9 short tons or 8 metric tons ), Injeongjeon (main hall), Seongjeongjeon (auxiliary office in the main hall), Huijeongdang (the king's private residence, later used as a conference hall), Daejojeon (living quarters), and Nakseon-jae. The palace was built between Peak Maebong of Mt. Bugaksan in the back and River Geumcheon having flowing in the front influenced by the principle baesanimsu ( 배산임수 ; lit.  back to hill, face to water') in Feng Shui theory. Contrary to Gyeongbokgung whose main buildings are arranged in accurate architectural principle, however, buildings in Changdeokgung are disposed more freely without

128-437: A hundred different species of trees in the garden and some of the trees behind the palace are over 300 years old. The garden for the private use of the king had been called 'Geumwon' (금원, 禁苑, Forbidden garden ) because even high officials were not allowed to enter without the king's permission. It had also been called 'Naewon' (내원, 內苑, 'Inner garden'). Today Koreans often call it 'Biwon' (비원, 秘院, Secret garden ) which derived from

160-468: A political Revolt against Gwanghaegun . The palace was also attacked by the Manchu Qing but throughout its history of reconstruction and repair has remained faithful to its original design. Changdeokgung was the site of the royal court and the seat of government until 1868, when the neighboring Gyeongbokgung was rebuilt. Korea's last Emperor, Sunjong lived here until his death in 1926. Parts of

192-407: A regular system. Though its structure seems chaotic at a glance, all buildings are in harmony with the environment surrounding them. Changdeokgung consists of governmental area ( 치조 ; 治朝 ; chijo ) centering on Injeongjeon and Seonjeongjeon, royal private area ( 침전 ; 寢殿 ; chimjeon ; lit.  a house of king's bedroom), Nakseonjae area in the east, and Huwon beyond

224-539: Is National treasure No. 227 and is the longest building in Korea of traditional design. Viewed from the king's throne room at the royal palace Gyeongbokgung , Jongmyo Shrine would have been on the king's left while the Sajik Shrine , another important Confucian shrine, was on the right. This arrangement was derived from Chinese practice. also, because Changdeokgung Palace was older than Gyeongbokgung Palace, Jongmyo

256-606: Is a separate local-level designation called "Intangible Cultural Properties". That designation is administered by provinces or cities rather than by the CHA. Practices of particular importance can be designated as Important Intangible Cultural Properties ( 중요무형문화재 ). The 1962 Cultural Property Protection Law that governs the system was modelled on the Japanese 1950 Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties , which provides for

288-594: Is performed by the Royal Court Orchestra and has been designated as Intangible Cultural Heritage No. 1. This court music has its origins in Chinese court music that was brought to Korea during the Goryeo period (918–1392). King Sejong composed new music for the ritual based largely on hyangak (with some dangak ) in 1447 and 1462. The songs invite the ancestral spirits to descend from heaven to enjoy

320-557: Is set within a large park in Jongno District , Seoul , South Korea. It is one of the " Five Grand Palaces " built by the kings of the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897). As it is located east of Gyeongbok Palace , Changdeokgung—along with Changgyeonggung —is also referred to as the "East Palace" ( 동궐 ; 東闕 ; Donggwol ). Changdeokgung was the most favored palace of many Joseon kings and retained many elements dating from

352-577: The Three Kingdoms of Korea period that were not incorporated in the more contemporary Gyeongbokgung . One such element is the fact that the buildings of Changdeokgung blend with the natural topography of the site instead of imposing themselves upon it. Like the other Five Grand Palaces in Seoul, it was heavily damaged during the Japanese occupation of Korea (1910–1945). Currently, only about 30% of

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384-483: The jongmyo jerye ritual. Musicians, dancers, and scholars would perform Confucian rituals, such as the jongmyo daeje (royal shrine ritual) in the courtyard five times a year. Today, the rituals have been reconstructed and revived. The jongmyo daeje has been designated as Intangible Cultural Heritage No. 56 and is performed every year on the first Sunday in May. The jongmyo jeryeak , the traditional court music of Joseon,

416-555: The Joseon Period. Through the commitment to Confucianism, royal members and scholars used principles to maintain a bureaucratic state and socio-political order. Structures of particular interest include: Behind the palace lies the 78-acre (32 ha) Huwon (후원, 後苑, Rear garden ) which was originally constructed for the use of the royal family and palace women. The garden incorporates a lotus pond, pavilions, and landscaped lawns, trees, and flowers. There are over 26,000 specimens of

448-454: The Korean liberation in 1945 it would take the resignation of Rhee Syngman for former imperial family members to be allowed back in. Today there are 13 buildings remaining on the palace grounds and 28 pavilions in the gardens, occupying 110 acres (45 hectares) in all and the area is designated as Historical Site No. 122. Buildings of note include Donhwamun (built in 1412, rebuilt in 1607, with

480-711: The Yeongnyeongjeon(영녕전/永寧殿). The Yeongnyeongjeon Hall is dedicated to kings whose ancestors were old by the standards of the current reigning king or whose reigns were short-lived , while the Jeongjeon Hall houses portraits of kings whose accomplishments during their reigns are well known. The memorial tablets of 19 kings and 30 queens are enshrined in Jeongjeon, while the memorial tablets of 16 kings and 18 queens are enshrined in Yeongnyeongjeon. When

512-448: The capital to Gaegyeong , the capital of Goryeo , again in 1400 on the pretext of its superior geographical features, but in fact, to avert a power struggle. King Taejong (Yi Bang-won) soon took over the throne and returned to Hansŏng (present-day Seoul ). Taejong was reluctant to build Gyeongbokgung Palace, which had been built by his political opponent Jeong Do-jeon , as well as being the place where he had killed his half-brothers for

544-517: The designation of Intangible Cultural Properties as well as the holders of these craft and performance traditions, known informally as Living National Treasures . These early initiatives at a national level influenced UNESCO in its approach to intangible cultural heritage , leading to the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage . As of April 2012, fourteen Korean Intangible Cultural Properties have been inscribed on

576-402: The growth of the complex moving from west to east, because of the need to house more memorial tablets during the reigns of later kings until there were a total of 19 myoshil . However, during the 1592–1598 Japanese invasions of Korea , Japanese invaders burned down the original shrine and a new complex was constructed in 1601 and has survived to this day. The original spirit tablets were saved in

608-698: The invasion by hiding them in the house of a commoner. A king's tablet was enshrined three years after his death, which is the end of the mourning period for a king. There are 19 tablets of kings and 30 of their queens, placed in the 19 niches. Each niche is very simple and plain in design. Only two kings' memorial tablets are not enshrined here. In addition to the tablet, there is a panel listing each king's accomplishments. The two most recent enshrinements occurred in 1973 and 1991 in Yeongnyeongjeon Room 16, for Crown Prince Euimin and his wife Crown Princess Bangja , respectively. The current Jeongjeon

640-493: The king visited this place, he followed a set route and ritualized procedures to wash himself and perform sacrifices, followed by a large number of people. In front of the main hall is the Woldae Courtyard, which is 150 meters in length and 100 meters in width. An elaborate performance of ancient court music (with accompanying dance) known as jongmyo jeryeak ( 종묘제례악 ; 宗廟祭禮樂 ) is performed there each year for

672-523: The king were held in Huwon. In the early period of the Joseon dynasty, military inspections in which the king participated were often held here. King Sejo had troops parade and array before him or commanded them by himself in the garden. In addition, feasts were given, archery tournaments held, and fireworks enjoyed in Huwon. The Ongnyucheon (옥류천, 玉流川, "Jade Stream") area is of particular interest. It contains

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704-819: The kings' achievements in founding the dynasty and defending the country in order to encourage their descendants to follow in their footsteps. Today, the members of the Jeonju Lee Royal Family Association perform the rites to the accompaniment of music and dance provided by musicians from the National Center for Korean Traditional Performing Arts and dancers from the Gukak National High School. Changdeokgung Changdeokgung ( Korean :  창덕궁 ; lit.  The Palace of Prospering Virtue), also known as Changdeokgung Palace or Changdeok Palace ,

736-427: The longest. The main hall, known as Jeongjeon ( 정전 ; 正殿 ), had seven niches or myoshil ( 묘실 ; 廟室 ; lit.  Temple Room), each reserved for the spirit tablets of a king and his queens. The complex was expanded by King Sejong (r. 1418–50) who ordered the construction of Yeongnyeongjeon ( 영녕전 ; 永寧殿 ; lit.  Hall of Eternal Comfort). This practice of expansion continued, with

768-407: The natural setting" and adapted "to the topography and retaining indigenous tree cover." Portions of the palace were used to film the hugely popular Korean drama Dae Jang Geum in the first decade of the 21st century. From April to October 2018, Changdeokgung hosted the 2018 Changdeok Palace moonlight tour. Changdeok Palace moonlight tours are special events where visitors can experience life at

800-592: The north hills. Most of major official buildings such as Injeongjeon, main hall of Changdeokgung, Seonjeongjeon, king's office, and many of government offices ( 궐내각사 ; 闕內各司 ; gwollaegaksa ) are placed in the front parts of the palace, beyond which there are royal private court for king and queen. Kings' houses like Seonjeongjeon, Huijeongdang, and Nakseonjae are surrounded in many folds of buildings and courts in case any outsider breaks in. The architectural style of Changdeokgung overall features simplicity and frugality because of Confucian ideology prosperous during

832-540: The office of same name in the late 19th century. Though the garden had many other names, the one most frequently used through Joseon dynasty period was 'Huwon'. In September 2012, the Buyongjeong pavilion in the garden was re-opened after a year-long restoration project. The pavilion was restored based on the Donggwoldo from 1820, National Treasures of South Korea No. 249. A variety of ceremonies hosted by

864-415: The palace (notably Nakseon-jae hall) continued to function as a royal residence up to 1989, when both Princess Deokhye and Crown Princess Bangja died. Other post-WWII residents included Empress Sunjeong (Sunjong's second wife), Crown Prince Yi Un , his son Yi Gu and Yi Gu's wife Julia Mullock . However, residence in the palace in the post-war period was at the whim of the republican leaders, and after

896-569: The palace. It typically took about two hours and starts at Donhwamun Gate, the main gate of Changdeokgung, at 8 p.m. [REDACTED] Media related to Changdeokgung at Wikimedia Commons Intangible Cultural Heritage (South Korea) National Intangible Cultural Heritage ( Korean :  국가무형문화재 ) is a national-level designation within the heritage preservation system of South Korea for intangible cultural heritage . This and other national-level designations are maintained by South Korea's Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA). There

928-511: The pre-Japanese structures of the East Palace Complex (Changdeokgung together with Changgyeonggung ) survive. Changdeokgung was the second palace after Gyeongbokgung which had been established in 1395 as a primary palace. In the midst of strife for the throne between princes and vassals, authority of Gyeongbokgung was deteriorated. King Jeongjong enthroned by Prince Jeong-an (Yi Bang-won) , who later became King Taejong, moved

960-453: The throne, and therefore built new palace (named Changdeokgung). Construction of Changdeokgung began in 1405, and was completed in 1412. King Seonjo expanded the palace grounds by about 500,000 square meters, including Huwon (see below). The palace was burnt to the ground during the Japanese invasion in 1592 by crowd and reconstructed in 1609 by King Seonjo and King Gwanghaegun . The palace burned down again in 1623 because of King Injo

992-524: Was connected to Changdeokgung Palace, and the king entered and left through the north gate instead of the south gate. The main halls are surrounded by hills. The south entrance gate was reserved for spirits to enter and exit, the east gate was for the king, and the west gate was for the performers of the royal ritual. The main building of the Jongmyo Shrine is divided into the Jeongjeon(정전/宗廟) and

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1024-533: Was destroyed by fire in the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598), then rebuilt in early 1600s. The shrine continues to be the venue for the Jongmyo Daejae ancestor-worship ceremony, where descendants of the imperial family honor the spirits of their deceased ancestors. When it was built in 1394 at the order of King Taejo , the Jongmyo Shrine was thought to be one of the longest buildings in Asia, if not

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