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20-671: Josef Gabriel Rheinberger (17 March 1839 – 25 November 1901) was an organist and composer from Liechtenstein, residing in Bavaria for most of his life. As court conductor in Munich, he was responsible for the music in the royal chapel. He is known for sacred music, works for organ and vocal works, such as masses, a Christmas cantata and the motet Abendlied ; he also composed two operas and three singspiele , incidental music , secular choral music, two symphonies and other instrumental works, chamber music , and works for organ. Rheinberger

40-692: A good deal of playing experience, most music composed for organ has been written by organists. Since the majority of pre-twentieth-century organs were installed in churches, classical organ literature was almost exclusively written for liturgical use. Many composers, therefore, are equally known for their performance talents, some historical examples being Johann Sebastian Bach , Dieterich Buxtehude , Felix Mendelssohn , Franz Liszt , César Franck , Camille Saint-Saëns , Charles-Marie Widor , Louis Vierne , Marcel Dupré and Maurice Duruflé , as well as improvisers such as Charles Tournemire , Pierre Cochereau , Pierre Pincemaille or Thierry Escaich . In Europe,

60-516: A low-cost alternative to rebuilding older pipe organs. In the English cathedral tradition the organist is now generally called "Director of Music", although their function is mainly in the training and direction of music rather than actual playing; there will generally be one or more assistant or sub-organists who play for most services and some recitals. Sometimes the organist will be assisted by an organ scholar . The post of organist at most of

80-492: A projected set of 24 sonatas in all the keys), 22 trios, and 36 solo pieces. His organ sonatas were once declared to be undoubtedly the most valuable addition to organ music since the time of Mendelssohn. They are characterized by a happy blending of the modern Romantic spirit with masterly counterpoint and dignified organ style. Rheinberger died in 1901 in Munich, and was buried in the Alter Südfriedhof . His grave

100-598: A separate repertoire and playing style, and in its heyday (during the first third of the twentieth century) there were considerable numbers of organists employed, many of whom played on Wurlitzer organs. A few carry on the tradition today. There are many organists employed in the production of popular and jazz music. In the United States most of them play the Hammond organ , and many are classically trained, often in piano rather than organ. In England and Japan, one of

120-741: Is the oldest institutions and professional body that regulates organ studies. From that sprang the American Guild of Organists (AGO), the Gesellschaft der Orgelfreunde  [ de ] (GdO) in Germany, and the Royal Canadian College of Organists (RCCO). The Incorporated Association of Organists is an international society that fulfills an educational interest in the organ and is the holding company for regional Organist Associations, which regulate organ activities at

140-403: The conductor (and composer) Wilhelm Furtwängler . See: List of music students by teacher: R to S#Josef Rheinberger . When the second (and present) Munich Conservatorium was founded, Rheinberger was appointed Royal Professor of organ and composition, a post he held for the rest of his life. On 31 December 1892, after a long illness, his wife died and two years later poor health led him to give up

160-515: The great cathedrals includes recital work and choral training. Another function of an organist is often as teacher to future players. Few organists hold historically special positions such as Raùl Prieto Ramitez who is the Civic Organist of San Diego, the last true Civic Organist position still active in the US. Since the strengths and weaknesses of the organ are difficult to understand without

180-627: The historical importance of churches as employers of musicians meant that many composers who now are very seldom remembered for their association with the organ were, nevertheless, engaged as professional organists: for example, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Edward Elgar . In English churches, chapels and cathedrals the Organist may also be known as Master of the Choristers , Choirmaster or Director of Music ; however, there are some ancient titles still in current usage: The theatre organ has

200-401: The leading of traditional western Christian worship, with roles including the accompaniment of hymns , choral anthems and other parts of the worship. The degree to which the organ is involved varies depending on the church and denomination. It also may depend on the standard of the organist. In more provincial settings, organists may be more accurately described as pianists obliged to play

220-707: The life of a professional musician, relented and allowed him to enter the Munich Conservatorium . Not long after graduating, he became professor of piano and of composition at the same institution. When this first version of the Munich Conservatorium was dissolved, he was appointed répétiteur at the Court Theatre, from which he resigned in 1867. Rheinberger married his former pupil, the poet and socialite Franziska "Fanny" von Hoffnaass in 1867. They had no children. Franziska wrote

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240-549: The local level. All these institutions are oriented toward the organist involved in classical music rather than popular music , but have recently shown an interest in expanding their interests. There is also the American Theatre Organ Society . Alter S%C3%BCdfriedhof The Alter Südfriedhof ( Old South Cemetery ) also known as "Alter Südlicher Friedhof" is a cemetery in Munich , Germany . It

260-525: The most popular series of instruments is the Yamaha Electone ; while Electones of recent decades are more properly characterized as digital synthesizers rather than as organs, the player interface, and the skills and coordination required to play, mean that it may be effectively regarded by some, as an organ in these respects. The Royal College of Organists (RCO) in the United Kingdom

280-470: The organ for worship services; nevertheless, some churches are fortunate to have trained organists capable of more elaborate "voluntaries" (the solo music before, during and after the service) and improvisation . As most churches can afford to employ only one musician, the organist is usually also responsible for directing and rehearsing the choir(s) . In the twentieth-century, many pipe organs were replaced by pipe-less electronic and digital organs , often as

300-509: The post of Court Music Director. His religious works include twelve masses (one for double chorus, three for four voices a cappella , three for women's voices and organ, two for men's voices and one with orchestra), a Requiem and a Stabat Mater . His other works include several operas , symphonies , chamber music , and choral works. Today Rheinberger is remembered above all for his elaborate and challenging organ compositions; these include two concertos, 20 sonatas in 20 different keys (of

320-901: The texts for much of her husband's vocal work. The stylistic influences on Rheinberger ranged from contemporaries such as Brahms to composers from earlier times, such as Mendelssohn , Schumann , Schubert and, above all, Bach . He also painted for literature in English and German. In 1877, he was appointed court conductor, responsible for the music in the royal chapel. He was subsequently awarded an honorary doctorate by Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich . A distinguished teacher, he numbered many Americans among his pupils, including Horatio Parker , William Berwald , George Whitefield Chadwick , Bruno Klein , Sidney Homer and Henry Holden Huss . Other students of his included important figures from Europe: Italian composer Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari , Serbian composer Stevan Stojanovic Mokranjac , and German composers Engelbert Humperdinck and Richard Strauss and

340-428: The troops of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor . From 1788 to 1867 it was the single collective burial ground for the dead of the city. Between 1788 and 1868, it served as the sole cemetery for the entire metropolitan area of Munich, resulting in the presence of notable graves belonging to several prominent figures from that period in Munich's history. The cemetery today serves as an Art and Cultural history monument, and

360-692: Was born on 17 March 1839 in Vaduz as the son of Johann Peter Rheinberger and his mother Elisabeth Carigiet as one of eleven children, including his brother Peter Rheinberger . When only seven years old, he was already serving as organist at the Vaduz parish church, and his first composition was performed the following year. In 1849, he studied with composer Philipp M. Schmutzer (31 December 1821 – 17 November 1898) in Feldkirch, Vorarlberg . In 1851, his father, who had initially opposed his son's desire to embark on

380-414: Was destroyed during World War II, and his remains as well as those of his wife were moved to his home town of Vaduz in 1950. This list only mentions works that were assigned an opus number by Rheinberger himself. Organist The majority of organists, amateur and professional, are principally involved in church music , playing in churches and cathedrals. The pipe organ still plays a large part in

400-571: Was founded by Duke Albrecht V as a plague cemetery in 1563 about half a kilometer south of the Sendlinger Gate between Thalkirchner and Pestalozzistraße. The cemetery was established in 1563, during the reign of Albert V, Duke of Bavaria , for victims of the plague and located outside the city gates. It was also the burial ground of the dead from the Sendling uprising of 1705, in which over 1100 were killed after they had surrendered to

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