21-674: Joseph Edward "Joe" MacManus (often incorrectly spelt Joe McManus) (Irish Seosamh Mac Mághnais ; 23 May 1970 – 5 February 1992), was a volunteer in the Sligo Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army . He was killed during a shoot-out after his unit attempted a killing in Mulleek near Belleek, County Fermanagh , Northern Ireland . MacManus was born in Harlesden , north-west London, which at
42-503: A "rank and file" member, similar to a private , or to a member that is not a senior officer such as Chief of Staff or Quartermaster General . Joe McCann , an Official IRA member killed in 1972, was referred to in commemorations as a "Staff Captain" but also as a "Volunteer". On the other hand, Joe Cahill , the commander of the Provisional IRA Belfast Brigade in 1971, said in a press conference after
63-646: A title for members of the Volunteers and IRA during that period. The County Antrim Memorial in Milltown Cemetery in Belfast lists IRA members who died at various times between 1916 and the period of the Troubles in the late 20th century. "Volunteer" is used for those members who were not officers. The term volunteer can refer to any member of an Irish republican paramilitary organisation, to
84-796: Is a member of various Irish republican paramilitary organisations. Among these have been the various forms of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA), and the Irish People's Liberation Organization (IPLO). Óglach is the equivalent title in the Irish language . The Irish Volunteers were formed in 1913, in reaction to the formation of the Ulster Volunteer Force earlier that year, to protect
105-774: Is an MEP since March 2020. In 1987, MacManus attended the funeral of Jim Lynagh , one of those killed in the Loughall ambush . In 1988, at the age of 18, he joined the Provisional IRA 's Sligo Brigade. In 1991, he joined a Ballyshannon -based active service unit which replaced the West Fermanagh Brigade, disbanded after the Enniskillen bombing . Initially, he carried out minor operations including moving munitions between arms dumps, passing intelligence between operatives and attending training camps in
126-831: The George Medal but took precedence over it in the Order of Wear . In addition, the QGM replaced the Colonial Police Medal for Gallantry (the last award of which was made in November 1974 ). It de facto replaced awards of the Sea Gallantry Medal , but this has never been formally announced. The Royal Warrant for the Queen's Gallantry Medal was amended on 30 November 1977 to allow for posthumous awards, as
147-645: The Alliance Party and senior officers of the Garda Siochana in Phoenix Park in Dublin, we have an example of cross border security co-operation at its very best. In 2002, a dispute resulted after a monument to Joe MacManus and fellow volunteers Antoine Mac Giolla Bhrighde and Kieran Fleming was sited close to the place where Protestant workmen William Hassard and Frederick Love were murdered by
168-696: The IRA in 1988. A Sinn Féin spokesman stated that "The families of Ciaran Fleming, Joseph MacManus and Antoine Mac Giolla Bhrighde, the three IRA men commemorated by the monument, had given the go-ahead for the structure to be moved". The Sligo Town Cumann of Sinn Féin is named the Noble Six/O'Flanagan/MacManus Cumann in honour of MacManus and in previous years lectures have been held in his name which has been addressed by Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin , Pat Doherty , Pearse Doherty , Aengus Ó Snodaigh and Gerry Adams . Volunteer (Irish republican) A volunteer
189-491: The attack on Corporal Glass was carried in the Belfast News Letter . Eric Bullick, Alliance Party spokesman for Fermanagh-South Tyrone , commenting on the shooting said: ...the fact that an active service unit of the IRA had been taken out of operation should be a relief to the whole community because it meant that further loss of life would be avoided. Within four days of a meeting between senior members of
210-555: The awards were posthumous, and 27 were to women. Since the accession of King Charles III , the Queen's Gallantry Medal has been renamed the King's Gallantry Medal. The first six awards of the King's Gallantry Medal were announced on 14 May 2024. The medal is awarded for "exemplary acts of bravery" by civilians, and by members of the Armed Forces for "actions for which purely military Honours are not normally granted". The award
231-747: The interests of Irish nationalists during the Home Rule Crisis . The Volunteers took part in the 1916 Easter Rising and—as the Irish Republican Army (IRA)—in the Irish War of Independence . The title "Volunteer" or "Vol." was used for members of the Volunteers who were involved in the 1916 Rising, and in the War of Independence. A number of witness statements given to the Bureau of Military History make frequent use of "Volunteer" as
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#1732800945423252-553: The introduction of internment that year, that British forces had only succeeded in arresting two officers of the Provisional IRA . "The rest are volunteers, or as they say in the British Army , privates". The 'v' in "volunteer" may or may not be capitalized. Most modern IRA memorials refer to the dead only as "Volunteer", "Vol." or " Óglach " rather than giving a specific rank. The grave of Martin McGuinness , who
273-451: The passenger seat of the van. A gun battle ensued in which Glass was badly injured: his thigh bone was shattered and the bone partially penetrated his skin. He managed to fight off his attackers, killing MacManus in the process. Corporal Glass later received both the Queen's Gallantry Medal and Distinguished Conduct Medal for bravery, making him the "most decorated" UDR soldier. An account of
294-520: The pretence that his dog had attacked a family member. Corporal Eric Glass of the 4th (Co Fermanagh) Battalion , Ulster Defence Regiment (4 UDR), a former member of the B-Specials , arrived at the farmhouse on the morning of 5 February. When he arrived at the gate of the farmhouse he was ambushed by the unit and ordered to get out of his van. The unit opened fire on Glass, who then reached for his handgun, which he always had ready, loaded and placed on
315-570: The region. On 2 February 1992, he and the rest of his unit, James Hughes, Conor O'Neill and Noel Magee, met at a safe house in Ballyshannon, County Donegal to make final arrangement for an operation which was to take place later in the following week. On 3 February, MacManus and his unit crossed the border and took over the house of farmer Pat Loughran. Loughran was ordered to lure Eric Glass, an Ulster Defence Regiment soldier and part-time Fermanagh District Council dog warden, to his home on
336-665: The services were not so outstanding as to merit the George Medal , but above the level required for the King's Commendation for Bravery . The Queen's Gallantry Medal was instituted on 20 June 1974 to replace the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry and the British Empire Medal for Gallantry, which ended the anomaly where the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry was awarded for lesser acts of bravery than
357-468: The time had a large Irish community. His father, Seán MacManus , a native of Gubaveeney, near Blacklion , County Cavan , had moved to London in the 1960s to find work. There he met and married Helen McGovern, a native of Glenfarne , County Leitrim . In 1976, the family returned to Ireland to live in the working-class Maugheraboy area of Sligo town so that the boys could be educated in Ireland. He
378-771: The time was a leading republican, later became Mayor of Sligo. He was the secretary of the County Sligo anti H-Block Committee in the 1980s. He was the first Sinn Féin Mayor in the Republic of Ireland since the beginning of The Troubles in 1969. His father was also involved in the negotiations leading to the Good Friday Agreement . Joe's younger brother, Chris , was a Sinn Féin Councillor for Sligo Borough Council and Sligo County Council for many years and
399-611: Was adjutant (second in command) of the Derry Brigade of the IRA in the early 1970s and who subsequently became deputy First Minister in the Northern Ireland Executive , a post he held until just before his death in 2017, calls him " Óglach Martin McGuinness". Queen%27s Gallantry Medal The King's Gallantry Medal ( KGM ), formerly the Queen's Gallantry Medal ( QGM ), is a United Kingdom decoration awarded for exemplary acts of bravery where
420-436: Was educated to primary level at Scoil Ursula Primary School, Strandhill Road , Sligo and St. John's Marist Brothers National School, Temple Street, Sligo to secondary level at Summerhill College and at third level at Sligo RTC . MacManus played football for local junior teams Collegians and Corinthians, and Gaelic football for both Saint Mary's GFC of Maugheraboy and Coolera GFC of Strandhill . His father Seán, who at
441-683: Was that for the George Medal. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth II between June 1974 and the final list published in March 2023 after her death, there were 1,101 awards announced in The London Gazette , including 19 second award bars. The armed forces received 542 awards and civilians, including police, 559 (including 120 to the Royal Ulster Constabulary , almost twice as many as any other group). Forty-two of
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