16-736: James Armstrong may refer to: Law [ edit ] James Armstrong (Pennsylvania judge) (1794–1867), justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania James Sherrard Armstrong (1821–1888), Canadian lawyer and British colonial jurist James R. Armstrong (1876–1956), judge of the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals Politics [ edit ] James Armstrong (North Carolina politician) (died 1794), American Revolutionary War officer and politician James Armstrong (Georgia politician) (1728–1800), Georgia politician and candidate in
32-630: A Provincial Court under the control of his British governors. The General Assembly , however, espoused the principle of separation of powers and formally called for a third branch of government starting with the 1701 Judiciary Bill. In 1722, the appointed British governor needed the House to raise revenues. House leaders agreed to raise taxes in return for an independent Supreme Court. Until 1776, legislation and judicial decisions in Pennsylvania, as in various American colonies, were subject to review by
48-541: A discretionary docket , meaning that the Court may choose which cases it accepts, with the exception of mandatory death penalty appeals, and certain appeals from the original jurisdiction of the Commonwealth Court . This discretion allows the Court to wield powerful influence on the formation and interpretation of Pennsylvania law. The original Pennsylvania constitutions, drafted by William Penn , established
64-547: A majority of no votes in the election of 2005. He was replaced by Justice Cynthia Baldwin , who was appointed by Governor Rendell in 2005. Only one Supreme Court Justice, Rolf Larsen , has been removed from office by impeachment . In 1994, the State House of Representatives handed down articles of impeachment consisting of seven counts of misconduct. A majority of the State Senate voted against Larsen in five of
80-476: A similar law in Minnesota was struck down as unconstitutional ( Republican Party of Minnesota v. White ), the Pennsylvania rules were amended, and judicial candidates may now express political viewpoints as long as they do not "commit or appear to commit the candidate with respect to cases, controversies or issues that are likely to come before the court." (PA Code of Judicial Conduct, Canon 7 (B)(1)(c)) After
96-585: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages James Armstrong (Pennsylvania judge) James Armstrong (February 15, 1794 – August 13, 1867) was a justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania from April 6, 1857 to December 1, 1857. Born in Berks County, Pennsylvania , Armstrong moved to Milton, Pennsylvania , as a child, and then to Williamsport, Pennsylvania , where he studied law and
112-629: The Pennsylvania Constitution , it was one of the first appellate courts in the United States to claim the power to declare laws made by an elected legislative body unconstitutional ( Respublica v. Duquet , 2 Yeates 493 (1799) ). The court meets in three cities: Philadelphia , Pittsburgh , and Harrisburg . The Pennsylvania Supreme Court consists of seven justices , each elected to ten year terms. Supreme Court judicial candidates may run on party tickets. The justice with
128-776: The Privy Council of the United Kingdom in London. Between 1780 and 1808, a Pennsylvania High Court of Errors and Appeals existed, which was the court of last resort in Pennsylvania. After that court's dissolution in 1808, the Commonwealth's Supreme Court became, and remains, the court of last resort in the Pennsylvania judiciary. The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania predates the United States Supreme Court by more than 100 years. Interpreting
144-500: The Civil War James Isbell Armstrong (1919–2013), American academic, president of Middlebury College James Armstrong (engineer) (1926–2010), British structural engineer James Armstrong (musician) (born 1957), American blues guitarist and singer See also [ edit ] Jim Armstrong (disambiguation) , for those known as Jim or Jimmy Arthur James Armstrong (1924–2018), bishop of
160-553: The United Methodist Church [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Armstrong&oldid=1248029436 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
176-660: The United States House of Representatives, Mary Hopewell and Sarah Emily Perry. Armstrong died in Williamsport , Lycoming County, Pennsylvania , at the age of 73. This biography of a state judge in Pennsylvania is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Supreme Court of Pennsylvania The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 's Unified Judicial System . It also claims to be
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#1732782662754192-1538: The United States presidential election of 1789 James Armstrong (Pennsylvania politician) (1748–1828), American Revolutionary War physician, United States congressman James Rogers Armstrong (1787–1873), manufacturer and political figure in Upper Canada James Armstrong (Texas politician) (1811–1879), member of the Second Texas Legislature James Dillon Armstrong (1821–1893), American lawyer, politician, and jurist from West Virginia James Armstrong (Ontario politician) (1830–1893), Canadian MP from Ontario James William Armstrong (1860–1928), Canadian politician from Manitoba Sport [ edit ] James E. Armstrong (1877–1960), Canadian sports executive James Armstrong (footballer, born 1887) (1887–1915), Scottish footballer James Armstrong (soccer, died 1952) (died 1952), American soccer player and coach, in National Soccer Hall of Fame James Armstrong (footballer, born 1892) (1892–1966), English footballer Other fields [ edit ] James Francis Armstrong (1750–1816), American Revolutionary War chaplain, New Jersey Presbyterian James Armstrong (Unitarian minister) (1780–1839), Irish Unitarian minister James Armstrong (naval officer) (1794–1868), American naval officer in
208-517: The longest continuous service on the court automatically becomes Chief Justice . Justices must step down from the Supreme Court when they reach the age of 75 (at the end of the calendar year), but they may continue to serve part-time as "senior justices" on panels of the Commonwealth's lower appellate courts until they reach 78, the age of mandatory retirement. Prior to 2002, judicial candidates in Pennsylvania were prohibited from expressing their views on disputed legal or political issues. However, after
224-653: The oldest appellate court in the United States , a claim that is disputed by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court . The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania began in 1684 as the Provincial Court, and casual references to it as the "Supreme Court" of Pennsylvania were made official in 1722 upon its reorganization as an entity separate from the control of the colonial governor . The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania maintains
240-519: The ten-year term expires, a statewide yes or no vote for retention is conducted. A judge who is retained serves another ten-year term. If the judge is not retained, the governor, subject to the approval of the State Senate , appoints a temporary replacement until a special election can be held. As of 2005, only one judge has failed to win retention. After the 2005 Pennsylvania General Assembly pay raise controversy , Justice Russell M. Nigro received
256-696: Was admitted to the bar. Armstrong "served a brief period on the Supreme Bench in 1857", having been "appointed on the 6th of April of that year to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Jeremiah S. Black ". At the time of his appointment, Armstrong "was the leader of the Lycoming county bar". He served on the state supreme court until December 1, 1857. Armstrong married Sarah Hepburn, daughter of James and Mary Hopewell Hepburn, of Northumberland, Pennsylvania . From this union three children were born, William Hepburn Armstrong , who later served in
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