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27-400: (Redirected from Jianwen ) Emperor Jianwen may refer to: Emperor Jianwen of Jin (320–372, reigned 371–372), Jin dynasty emperor Emperor Jianwen of Liang (503–551, reigned 549–551), Liang dynasty emperor Jianwen Emperor (1377–1402, reigned 1398–1402), Ming dynasty emperor See also [ edit ] Jianwen (era) (1399–1402),

54-477: A campaign north against Former Qin , one of the successor states to Later Zhao, but after initial successes, he was forced to withdraw as he hesitated at attacking Former Qin's capital Chang'an and ran out of food supplies. In 358, Sima Yu offered to resign and return all authority to Emperor Mu. Emperor Mu declined. In 361, Emperor Mu died without a son, and by order of Empress Dowager Chu, his cousin Sima Pi

81-486: A carefully worded letter to Huan, persuading Huan to stop. After Yin himself launched unsuccessful northern campaigns in 352 and 353—the latter at great loss of life and property—Huan submitted a petition accusing Yin of crimes. The imperial government, led by Sima Yu, felt compelled to depose Yin in 354. From that point on, Sima Yu became the sole prime minister, although he was often forced to submit to Huan's wishes on important matters. Later in 354, Huan himself launched

108-504: A carefully worded letter to Huan, persuading Huan to stop. Later in 352, Yin launched his own campaign, but upon the start of the campaign, former Later Zhao generals in control of Xuchang and Luoyang rebelled, and his venture had to halt to deal with these rebellions. Subsequently, when his assistants, the generals Xie Shang and Yao Xiang tried to attack Zhang Yu (張遇), the general in control of Xuchang, Former Qin forces came to Zhang's aid and defeated Xie's troops. Yin then abandoned

135-446: A devastating defeat at the hands of Murong Chui , he considered another way to showcase his power. He decided to depose Emperor Fei, and he spread false rumors that Emperor Fei was impotent and that his sons were actually sons of men that he favored (implying a homosexual relationship between him and those men). In winter 371, Huan forced Empress Dowager Chu to issue an edict deposing Emperor Fei and replacing him with Sima Yu, who took

162-477: A magician to look at his concubines to see which one could conceive an heir, and the magician looked at all of them and opined that none was destined to give him an heir—but then he saw a dark-skinned maid who was working with textiles, who was derogatorily referred to as a Malay , named Li Lingrong , and he, in surprised, yelled out, "She is the one!" Sima Yu therefore took her as a concubine, and they had two sons: Sima Yao in 352 and Sima Daozi in 353. Sima Yao

189-426: A petition demanding Yin's ouster. The imperial government was compelled to demote Yin to commoner status and exile him to Xin'an (信安, in modern Quzhou , Zhejiang ). At a later point, Huan, still believing that Yin was capable, offered him an important purely civilian post, and wrote to Yin a letter stating his intentions. Yin was very pleased and was about to accept, but he, hesitating at the appropriate language for

216-501: A rivalry and suspected each other of treachery. In 350, intent on proving himself as much of a general as Huan, Yin had himself commissioned with a large army, preparing to recover central and northern China as rival Later Zhao was collapsing into civil war, but for reasons unknown delayed the campaign. Later that year, he took even greater power, as after another major official, Cai Mo , repeatedly declined an imperial honor, he accused Cai of being disrespectful and had Cai imprisoned. He

243-564: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Emperor Jianwen of Jin Sima Yu was born in 320, as the youngest son of Emperor Yuan , by his favorite concubine Consort Zheng Achun ( 鄭阿春 ). As Emperor Yuan's wife Yu Mengmu ( 虞孟母 ) had died years earlier (in 312), and the mother of his oldest son Sima Shao the Crown Prince (later Emperor Ming), Lady Xun , had been forced to leave

270-519: The Former Yan regent Murong Ke besieging the important city Luoyang , Sima Yu and Huan discussed launching a counterattack to relieve Luoyang, but when Emperor Ai died in spring 365, the plans were cancelled. Emperor Ai was succeeded by his brother Sima Yi the Prince of Langya, who took the throne as Emperor Fei. Sima Yu continued in his role as prime minister. In late 365, Emperor Fei offered

297-507: The Prince of Langya ascended the throne as Emperor Ai. Sima Yu continued in his post as prime minister. In 363, when Emperor Ai's mother Princess Dowager Zhou died, Sima Yu served as regent for the three-month mourning period. In 364, Emperor Ai, who was obsessed with immortality , was poisoned by pills given him by magicians, and he could not handle important affairs of state. Empress Dowager Chu again served as regent, but important decisions were made by Sima Yu and Huan Wen. In 365, with

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324-572: The campaign entirely. In fall 352, Yin prepared a second campaign. Initially the campaign had some success, recovering Xuchang from Former Qin. However, Yin became suspicious of Yao's military capabilities and independence, and therefore tried to assassinate Yao. Yao discovered this, and, as Yin headed north, he ambushed Yin's troops, inflicting heavy losses on Yin. Yao then took over the Shouchun (壽春, in modern Lu'an , Anhui ) region. The people despised Yin for his military losses, and Huan submitted

351-605: The era name of the Jianwen Emperor Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Emperor Jianwen . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Jianwen&oldid=1177833403 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Title and name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

378-559: The fortunes of the state would be. In 346, he finally agreed to join the government as the governor of the capital region. In 348, after Huan Wen destroyed Cheng-Han and merged its territory into Jin's, key officials of the Jin imperial government began to fear that he would use his military might to try to dominate the government. The regent for Emperor Mu , Sima Yu the Prince of Kuaiji therefore invited Yin to participate in important government decisions. Yin and Huan immediately developed

405-418: The governor of Yuzhang (modern day Nanchang ). He temporarily served on Yu Liang 's staff, but subsequently declined an invitation by Yu Liang's younger brother Yu Yi (庾翼) to serve on his staff, and he lived the life of a hermit. Gradually, officials and commoners began to believe that he had the ability to guide the Jin state to great things, and people even observed his behavior to venture guesses as to what

432-482: The official Yin Hao , who was considered able, to join him and Cai in making important decisions, to counter Huan's influence. In 350, after Cai had repeatedly declined greater honor conferred him by the emperor, Yin accused Cai of disrespecting imperial authority and had him removed, seizing more power than he had before. In 348, Sima Yu's heir apparent Sima Daosheng ( 司馬道生 ), who was described as careless and frivolous,

459-445: The palace due to Princess Yu's jealousy while she was still alive, Consort Zheng was effectively the mistress of the palace, although she never carried the title of empress. On 14 March 322 , Emperor Yuan created him the Prince of Langya—the same title that Emperor Yuan had earlier, which was therefore considered a special honor. In January 323, Emperor Yuan died. In 326, Consort Zheng also died, and because, as Prince of Langya, Sima Yu

486-408: The prime minister responsibilities until He Chong's death in 346. He Chong was replaced by Cai Mo . In 347, after the ambitious general Huan Wen , without the imperial government's approval, carried out a campaign against and destroyed Cheng Han , annexing Cheng Han territory to Jin, the imperial government became apprehensive that Huan would use this opportunity to take over. Sima Yu thus invited

513-638: The threats of a Huan usurpation dissipated, and Jin continued for several decades longer. Consorts and Issue: Yin Hao Yin Hao (殷浩) (died 356), courtesy name Yuanyuan (渊源), was a Chinese politician of the Jin dynasty . Yin Hao was from an aristocratic family in Changping , and when he was young, he became known for intelligence and metaphysical discussions. His father, Yin Xian (d. 346) served as

540-625: The throne with trepidation but felt he had no choice. An immediate issue that Emperor Jianwen had to deal with upon taking the throne was Huan's suspicions toward his older brother Sima Xi ( 司馬晞 ) the Prince of Wuling, whose interest in military matters made Huan concerned that he would oppose Huan. Huan therefore falsely accused him of plotting treason, and Emperor Jianwen agreed to remove Sima Xi from his posts. Subsequently, however, Huan manufactured evidence against Sima Xi and petitioned that he be put to death. Emperor Jianwen wrote to Huan, stating that he did not want to kill his brother—and that if he

567-461: The title Prince of Langya to Sima Yu and further created his heir apparent Sima Yao the Prince of Kuaiji . Sima Yu declined on his son's behalf and further himself declined the title of Prince of Langya, continuing to refer to himself as the Prince of Kuaiji , and Emperor Fei did not insist on his taking the greater title. In 369, after Huan Wen launched a major attack against Former Yan but suffered

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594-429: Was accused of unspecified crimes, and he was deposed and imprisoned, and died in imprisonment. Sima Yu's wife and Sima Daosheng's mother, Princess Wang Jianji ( 王簡姬 ), also died in distress. (She might have also been imprisoned prior to her death) His other sons, one by Princess Wang and three by various concubines, died early, and he was left without an heir, and his concubines were not conceiving any more. He retained

621-531: Was forced to, he would instead yield the throne. Huan, not willing to risk a confrontation, settled for having Sima Xi and his sons demoted to commoner status and exiled. In summer 372, Emperor Jianwen grew ill, and repeatedly tried to summon Huan to the capital—perhaps to offer him the throne—but Huan, concerned that it was a trap, continuously declined. Emperor Jianwen soon died, and was succeeded by his 10-year-old son Sima Yao, whom he created crown prince right before his death. As Huan himself died in early 373,

648-448: Was not permitted by law to mourn his mother, he, at age six, requested another title by which he could. His nephew Emperor Cheng (Emperor Ming's son), himself then a young child, permitted it, and created him the Prince of Kuaiji . As he grew in age, he was given a progression of higher and higher posts, although without actual power. In November 344, another nephew of Sima Yu, Emperor Kang (Emperor Cheng's younger brother), died, and

675-513: Was prepared to execute Cai, but was persuaded not to, but Cai was still demoted to commoner status. Around the new year 352, Huan, upset that his requests to lead armies north had been rebuffed by Yin and Sima Yu, mobilized his troops and gestured as if he were about to attack the capital. Yin was shocked, and initially considered either resigning or send the imperial banner of peace ( Zouyu Fan , 騶虞幡) to order Huan to stop. After advice from Wang Biaozhi (王彪之), however, he instead asked Sima Yu to write

702-539: Was subsequently named heir apparent. Around the new year 352, Huan, impatient after his requests to advance north in light of Later Zhao 's collapse were being rebuffed by Sima Yu and Yin, who were concerned about his expanding power, and mobilized his troops and gestured as if he were about to attack the capital. Yin was shocked, and initially considered either resigning or send the imperial banner of peace (Zouyu Fan, 騶虞幡) to order Huan to stop. After advice from Wang Biaozhi ( 王彪之 ), however, he instead asked Sima Yu to write

729-417: Was succeeded by his infant son Emperor Mu . Emperor Mu's mother Empress Dowager Chu became regent , but she largely followed the advice of prime minister He Chong ( 何充 ). As it was customary, at this point of Jin history, for there to be two prime ministers, He Chong recommended Empress Dowager Chu's father Chu Pou ( 褚裒 ), who declined and recommended Sima Yu instead. He Chong and Sima Yu thus shared

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