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90-494: Juvenile Justice Boards were formed by State Governments under the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 . Each Juvenile Justice Board consists of one first-class judicial magistrate and two social workers at least one of whom is a woman. They are paid an honorarium. Terms last two years for those of ages 35–65. To qualify as a board member, the applicant should have been engaged for seven years in

180-696: A 300 word essay. The decision earned a backlash and public outcry from political leaders and the general public. Following the protests against the order, the bail was canceled and Agarwal was remanded back into custody of an observation home. Pune Police officials later moved to the Bombay High Court to try Agarwal as an adult. Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 has been passed by Parliament of India amidst intense controversy, debate, and protest on many of its provisions by Child Rights fraternity. It replaced

270-405: A British press reporter on 5 January, the victim's father was quoted as saying, "We want the world to know her real name. My daughter didn't do anything wrong, she died while protecting herself. I am proud of her. Revealing her name will give courage to other women who have survived these attacks. They will find strength from my daughter." Indian law forbids revealing the name of a rape victim unless

360-472: A child will be fined with ₹ 100,000 and imprisoned for 5 years. One of the most criticized step in the new JJ Bill 2015 is introduction of "Judicial Waiver System" which allows treatment of juveniles, in certain conditions, in the adult criminal justice system and to punish them as adults. This is for the first time in India's history that such a provision has been prescribed. Given to the severe criticism, Bill

450-602: A cook. Five days after Jyoti's death, on 3 January 2013, the police filed charges against the five adult men for rape, murder, kidnapping, destruction of evidence, and the attempted murder of the woman's male companion. Senior lawyer Dayan Krishnan was appointed as the special public prosecutor. Mukesh Singh, Vinay Sharma, Akshay Thakur and Pawan Gupta denied the charges. Some of the men had confessed earlier; however, their lawyers said that their clients had been tortured and that their confessions had been coerced. On 10 January, one of their lawyers, Manohar Lal Sharma , said in

540-570: A crime report. However, in December 2014, two years after the attack, the victim's father called the promises of reform unmet and said that he felt regret in that he had not been able to bring justice for his daughter and other women like her. The victims, a 23-year-old woman, Jyoti Singh, and her male friend, were returning home on the night of 16 December 2012 after watching the film Life of Pi at PVR Select City Walk , Saket . They took an auto rickshaw to Munirka Bus Stand, then boarded

630-429: A criminal case against the editor of a Delhi-based tabloid, Mail Today , for disclosing the female victim's identity, as such disclosure is an offence under section 228(A) of Indian Penal Code . Shashi Tharoor , then a union minister, suggested that if the parents had no objection, her identity could be made public, with a view to showing respect for her courageous response by naming future laws after her. Speaking to

720-420: A fast-track court; the prosecution finished presenting its evidence on 8 July 2013. On 10 September 2013, the four adult defendants – Pawan Gupta, Vinay Sharma, Akshay Thakur and Mukesh Singh (Ram Singh's brother) – were found guilty of rape and murder and three days later were sentenced to death . In the death reference case and hearing appeals on 13 March 2014, Delhi High Court upheld the guilty verdict and

810-667: A fruit seller, were both arrested in UP and Bihar. A 17-year-old juvenile was arrested at the Anand Vihar terminal in Delhi. The juvenile had only met the others that day. 28-year-old Akshay Thakur, who had come to Delhi seeking employment, was the final suspect to be arrested in Aurangabad, Bihar ; he was married with one son at the time of his arrest. According to reports, the group had been eating and drinking together and "having

900-473: A judicial committee was set up to study and take public suggestions for the best ways to amend laws to provide quicker investigation and prosecution of sex offenders. After considering about 80,000 suggestions, the committee submitted a report which indicated that failures on the part of the government and police were the root cause behind crimes against women. In 2013, the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013

990-407: A media interview that the victims were responsible for the assault because they should not have been using public transportation and, as an unmarried couple, they should not have been on the streets at night. He went on to say: "Until today I have not seen a single incident or example of rape with a respected lady. Even an underworld don would not like to touch a girl without respect." He also called

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1080-408: A new life with a new identity provided by the appropriate government as applicable in his case if permissible to avoid any backlash or violent reaction". According to the report, the juvenile had learnt cooking and tailoring while staying in the reform house. Report further said that the juvenile would need a tailoring shop, a sewing machine and other tailoring equipment. The report also mentioned that

1170-410: A one-time grant of ₹ 10,000 (US$ 120) from the government should be sufficient to support him initially. The department of women and child development (WCD) of the government stated that it would provide the money and would arrange the machine from an NGO. The juvenile's family had ostracized him for the crime and refused to accept him. However, after his release it was reported that he was working as

1260-423: A party" earlier in the day. Although the charter bus which Ram Singh drove on weekdays was not permitted to pick up public passengers or even to operate in Delhi because of its tinted windows, they decided to take it out "to have some fun". A few hours before committing the gang rape, the attackers had robbed a carpenter. The carpenter was 35-year-old Ramadhir Singh (unrelated to Ram, Mukesh and Jyoti), who boarded

1350-464: A process of consultation with various stake holders was initiated. The Delhi gang rape case in December 2012 had tremendous impact on public perception of the Act. One of the accused in the 2012 Delhi gang rape was a few months younger than 18 years of age and under the Act was tried in a juvenile court. Eight writ petitions alleging the Act and its several provisions to be unconstitutional were heard by

1440-586: A recommendation to reject the plea and forwarded it to the Lieutenant Governor. On 17 January 2020, the President of India rejected the mercy plea. Both the Government of Delhi and home ministry had recommended the president that the plea should be rejected. On 17   January 2020, hours after the rejection of the mercy plea, Judge Dharmender Rana issued a second death warrant for

1530-451: A schoolteacher, but his family could not afford to support his education beyond high school. After moving to Delhi, he worked at a pressure cooker factory, as a security guard and eventually a luggage loader. He said, "when I left [his village] 30 years ago, I vowed never deny my children so sending them to school was fulfilling my desire for knowledge." He said, "It never entered our hearts to ever discriminate. How could I be happy if my son

1620-414: A symbol of women's resistance to rape around the world. All the accused were arrested and charged with sexual assault and murder. One of the accused, Ram Singh, died in police custody from possible suicide on 11 March 2013. According to some published reports and the police, Ram Singh hanged himself, but the defence lawyers and his family allege he was murdered. The rest of the accused went on trial in

1710-436: Is far more responsible for rape than a boy. Boy and girl are not equal. Housework and housekeeping is for girls, not roaming in discos and bars at night doing wrong things, wearing wrong clothes. About 20 percent of girls are good." Singh also blamed Jyoti for her death, saying "When being raped, she shouldn't fight back. She should just be silent and allow the rape. Then they'd have dropped her off after 'doing her', and only hit

1800-539: Is happy and my daughter isn't? And it was impossible to refuse a little girl who loved going to school." Jyoti Singh graduated in physiotherapy from the Sai Institute of Paramedical & Allied Sciences in Dehradun , and had just applied for an intern's position at St Stephen's Hospital in Delhi. She lived in Delhi and only sometimes visited her family's ancestral village. In compliance with Indian law,

1890-437: Is more stringent and better framed than the existing one." During a protest against the juvenile convict's release on 16 December 2015, the victim's mother said that the victim's name was Jyoti Singh and she was not ashamed of disclosing her name. On 19 December 2012, Singh underwent her fifth surgery which removed most of her remaining intestine. Doctors reported that she was in "stable but critical" condition. On 21 December,

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1980-592: The Nirbhaya case , involved a rape and fatal assault that occurred on 16 December 2012 in Munirka , a neighbourhood in South Delhi . The incident took place when Jyoti Singh, a 22-year-old physiotherapy intern, was beaten , gang-raped , and tortured in a private bus in which she was travelling with her male friend, Avnindra Pratap Pandey. There were six others in the bus, including the driver, all of whom raped

2070-545: The Supreme Court of India , prompting the juvenile court to delay its verdict. In the second week of July 2013, the Supreme Court dismissed the objections, holding the Act to be constitutional. Demands for a reduction of the age of adults from 18 to 16 years were also turned down by the Supreme Court, when the government of India stated that there is no proposal to reduce the age of an adult. On 31 August 2013,

2160-486: The charge sheet quickly and seek the maximum penalty of life imprisonment for the perpetrators. Following public outrage and a demand for a speedy trial and prosecution, on 24 December, the police promised to file the charge sheet within one week. The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs met on 27 December to discuss the issue, and Union Home Secretary R. K. Singh and Delhi Police Commissioner Neeraj Kumar were summoned to appear. The Delhi High Court approved

2250-473: The state and central governments for failing to provide adequate security for women took place in New Delhi , where thousands of protesters clashed with security forces . Similar protests took place in major cities throughout the country. Since Indian law does not allow the press to publish a rape victim's name, the victim was widely known as Nirbhaya , meaning "fearless", and her struggle and death became

2340-432: The 2015 Act, offences committed by juveniles are categorised as heinous offences, serious offences and petty offences. Serious offences include offences with three to seven years of imprisonment. The new amendment adds that serious offences will also include non-heinous offences for which maximum punishment is imprisonment of more than seven years and minimum punishment is not prescribed or is less than seven years. During

2430-573: The Bill has been rolled out for implementation on 15 January 2016. The government is working on an amendment to sure such errors. The bill now stands Passed in Rajya-Sabha on Tuesday 22 December 2015, after the Nirbhaya case accused juvenile was released. As of July 2018, there were 629 adoption cases pending in various courts. In order to expedite adoption proceedings, the new amendment transfers

2520-567: The Bill. Many experts and activists viewed post December 2012 Delhi Gang Rape responses as creation of media sensationalisation of the issue, and cautioned against any regressive move to disturb the momentum of Juvenile Justice Legislation in the Country. However some sections in the society felt that in view of terrorism and other serious offences, the Juvenile Justice Act of 2000 needed to be amended to include punitive approaches in

2610-699: The Board's order can be made to the Children's Court . Subsequently, orders of the Children's court can be appealed in the High Court. The Juvenile Justice Board has faced criticism in the trial of the 2012 Delhi gang rape and murder . The juvenile defendant Mohammed Afroz was not allowed to be trial as adult, with the JJB rejecting the plea of Delhi Police to conduct a bone ossification test. Despite being labeled as

2700-624: The Guardians and Wards Act (1890) (applicable to Muslims), though not replacing them. The Act came into force from 15 January 2016. It was passed on 7 May 2015 by the Lok Sabha amid intense protest by several Members of Parliament. It was passed on 22 December 2015 by the Rajya Sabha . To streamline adoption procedures for orphan, abandoned and surrendered children, the existing Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) has been given

2790-608: The Indian juvenile delinquency law, Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 , and allows for juveniles in conflict with Law in the age group of 16–18, involved in Heinous Offences, to be tried as adults. The Act also sought to create a universally accessible adoption law for India, overtaking the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act (1956) (applicable to Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, and Sikhs) and

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2880-674: The Juvenile Justice Board to ascertain if the crime was committed as a 'child' or an 'adult'. The bill will allow a Juvenile Justice Board (JJB), which would include psychologists and social workers , to decide whether a juvenile criminal in the age group of 16-18 should be treated as an adult or not. The bill introduced concepts from the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Inter-Country Adoption, 1993 which were missing in

2970-491: The Supreme Court against the Delhi High Court order that rejected his claim that Pawan was a juvenile during the crime in 2012. On 31   January, a Delhi court stayed the death warrant. The judge did not issue a fresh warrant for their execution. The lawyer cited Rule 836 of the prison manual which says that in a case where more than one person has been sentenced to death, the execution cannot take place unless all

3060-408: The Supreme Court rejected a review petition by three of the convicts. In November 2019, the Supreme Court dismissed a review petition from Akshay pleading for mercy. In doing so, the court retained the death sentence. After the verdict, Akshay's lawyer told the Supreme Court that he would appeal to the president. For this, he should be given three weeks' time. In January 2020, a five-judge bench of

3150-524: The Supreme Court rejected the curative petitions of convicts, Vinay Sharma and Mukesh. On 7 January 2020 a death warrant was issued for the Nirbhaya rapists by a Delhi court, setting an execution date of 22 January 2020 at 7:00   a.m. IST in Tihar Jail. Government authorities and the victim's mother alleged that the four convicts were "intentionally delaying" and "frustrating" the legal process in this case by filing their pleas in stages, so that

3240-411: The accused men, "If my death shakes the system and gets them hanged, I am ready to die". Gangwar ended his fast after 14 days, saying, "My fight to demand a strict law against rape will be continued in the future... I have dedicated myself for this cause". Middle Finger Protests, a Chandigarh-based pressure group and NGO headed by human rights and social activist Prabhloch Singh, also played a key role in

3330-478: The area covered by the bus route. A further court hearing on the matter was scheduled for 9 January 2013. The following day, the Delhi Police initiated action against three Hauz Khas police station personnel for their inaction in responding to the robbery of the carpenter that took place earlier on the bus in the day. On 24 December, two Assistant Commissioners of Police were suspended for failing to prevent

3420-586: The areas of health, education or other child welfare activities or should be a qualified professional with a degree from an accredited Institute and practicing in Law, Sociology, Psychology, or Psychiatry relating to children. Juvenile Justice Boards have the following functions: The Juvenile Justice Board considers the following circumstances before declaring any juvenile as minor: Juveniles classified as adults may face serious punishments such as life imprisonment that are applicable for adult criminals. Appeals against

3510-647: The assailants with the help of the male victim, and used a mobile phone stolen from the two victims to find one of the assailants. Six men were arrested in connection with the incident. They included 30-year-old Ram Singh, the bus driver, and his 26-year-old brother, Mukesh Singh, who were both arrested in Rajasthan . Ram and Mukesh Singh lived in Ravidas camp, a slum in South Delhi. 20-year-old Vinay Sharma, an assistant gym instructor, and 19-year-old Pawan Gupta,

3600-422: The assault, and doctors said that the damage indicated that a blunt object (suspected to be the iron rod) may have been used for penetration. That rod was later described by police as being a rusted, L-shaped implement of the type used as a wheel jack handle . According to police reports, Jyoti attempted to fight off her assailants, biting three of the attackers and leaving bite marks on the accused men. After

3690-509: The beatings and rape ended, the attackers threw both victims from the moving bus. One of the perpetrators later cleaned the vehicle to remove evidence. Police impounded it the next day. The partially clothed victims were found on the road by a passerby at around 11 pm. The passerby called the Delhi Police who took the couple to Safdarjung Hospital , where Jyoti was given emergency treatment and placed on mechanical ventilation. She

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3780-476: The boy." On 13 March 2014, the Delhi High Court found each of the defendants guilty of rape, murder, unnatural offences and destruction of evidence. With the verdict, the High Court confirmed the death sentences for the four men convicted in September 2013. The court noted that the crime, which stirred widespread protests over sexual crimes against women in the country, fell into the judicial system's "rarest of

3870-427: The bus at Munirka for Dwarka at about 9:30 pm ( IST ). There were only six others in the bus, including the driver. One of the men, identified as a minor, had called for passengers telling them that the bus was going towards their destination. They took 10 rupees each as fare from both the victims. Her friend became suspicious when the bus deviated from its normal route and its doors were shut. When he objected,

3960-489: The bus that was being driven by Mukesh Singh. The juvenile convict had lured him into the bus saying it was going to Nehru Place . He was then beaten up and robbed of his mobile phone and ₹ 1500 in cash. After robbing him, the group dumped him at the IIT Flyover . He reported the robbery to three police constables: Kailash, Ashok and Sandeep, who were passing nearby. They refused to take any action in response, saying that

4050-577: The case returned to the juvenile court and a sentence of 3 years in a reform home was handed down. The victim's mother criticized the verdict and said that by not punishing the juvenile the court was encouraging other teenagers to commit similar crimes. In July 2014, Minister of Women and Child Development , Maneka Gandhi said that they were preparing a new law which will allow 16-year-olds to be tried as adults. She said that 50% of juvenile crimes were committed by teens deliberately, but they thought that they could get away with it. She added that changing

4140-546: The case, which was led by Pramod Kumar Kushwaha , the Deputy Commissioner of Delhi Police 's Special Cell. Police found and arrested some suspects within 24 hours of the crime. From recordings made by a highway CCTV , a description of the bus, a white charter bus with a name written on it, was broadcast. Other operators identified it as being contracted by a South Delhi private school. They then traced it and found its driver, Ram Singh. Police obtained sketches of

4230-438: The convicts have exhausted their legal options. On 17   February 2020, a third death warrant was issued by the court with the execution date as 3 March 2020 at 6:00   a.m. On 4   March 2020, a fourth death warrant was issued by court with the execution date as 20 March 2020 at 5:30   a.m. Numerous pleas and appeals were made by both the families of the convicts and the convicts themselves, including three of

4320-480: The convicts moving the International Court of Justice for a stay on the death sentence; however, the date for the execution remained the same. On 20 March 2020, at 5:30   a.m. IST, Mukesh Singh, Vinay Sharma, Akshay Thakur and Pawan Gupta were executed at Tihar Jail . They were hanged on gallows specially designed for four people. According to prison officials, the four convicts refused

4410-418: The convicts to be hanged after a mandatory fourteen-day gap on 1 February at 6:00   a.m. The fourteen days' reprieve was provided in accordance with law which states that the convicts awaiting an execution must have a reprieve after their mercy plea is rejected. During the same hearing, the court also rejected a plea by the convict Mukesh to postpone the execution. On 17   January, Pawan appealed to

4500-408: The convicts' appeal and, saying they had committed "a barbaric crime" that had "shaken society's conscience", the court upheld the death sentence of the four who had been charged in the murder. The verdict was well received by the family of the victim and the civil society. According to legal experts, the convicts still had the right to file a review petition to the Supreme Court. On 9   July 2018,

4590-469: The country's main opposition party at that time criticised the high security levels, stating that they were reminiscent of the Emergency era , during which civil liberties were suspended. One of Jyoti's brothers commented that the decision to fly her out to Singapore came too late, and they had pinned high hopes for her recovery prior to her death. A Special Investigation Team was formed to investigate

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4680-460: The creation of five fast-track courts to try rape and sexual assault cases. The first of the five approved fast-track courts was inaugurated on 2 January 2013 by Altamas Kabir , Chief Justice of India , in Saket court complex in South Delhi. On 21 December, the Delhi High Court reprimanded the Delhi police for being "evasive" in a probe status report providing details of officers on patrol duty in

4770-612: The crime scene wasn't under their purview as they were from the Hauz Khas police station, and that he would have to report the incident to the station in Vasant Vihar . Shortly after the attacks, Pawan Gupta said he accepted his guilt and should be hanged. Mukesh Singh, who was placed in Tihar Jail after his arrest, was assaulted by other inmates and was kept in solitary confinement for his own protection. Ram Singh

4860-498: The death sentences. On 18 December 2019, the Supreme Court of India rejected the final appeals of the condemned perpetrators of the attack. The four adult convicts were executed by hanging on 20 March 2020. The juvenile was convicted of rape and murder and given the maximum sentence of three years' imprisonment in a reform facility, as per the Juvenile Justice Act . As a result of the protests, in December 2012,

4950-587: The debate in the Lok Sabha in May 2015, Shashi Tharoor , an INC Member the Parliament (MP), argued that the law was in contradiction with international standards and that most children who break the law come from poor and illiterate families. He said that they should be educated instead of being punished. Child Rights Activists and Women Rights Activists have called the bill a regressive step and have criticized

5040-504: The decision was taken to fly her to Mount Elizabeth Hospital in Singapore for further care. Mount Elizabeth is a multi-organ transplant specialty hospital. Some doctors criticised the decision as political, questioning the need to transfer an intensive care unit (ICU) patient for organ transplants that were not scheduled for weeks or even months later. Government sources indicate that then Chief Minister of Delhi , Sheila Dikshit ,

5130-471: The execution could be postponed. Under prison rules, if any one particular case results in more than one death penalty conviction (as here) and any one of those convicted in the case petitions for a mercy plea, the execution dates of all others convicted in the case must be postponed until a decision is made on the pending mercy plea. Mukesh Singh filed a mercy plea in January 2020. The Delhi government made

5220-638: The existing Juvenile Justice Law, which so far is purely rehabilitative and reformative. Some argued that there is no need of tampering with Juvenile Justice Act for putting up effective deterrent against terrorism. Retired Judge of Delhi High Court, Justice RS Sodhi on 8 August 2015 told Hindustan Times, "We are a civilised nation and if we become barbaric by twisting our own laws, then the enemy will succeed in destroying our social structure. We should not allow that but we must condemn this move of sending children to fight their war". 2012 Delhi gang rape The 2012 Delhi gang rape and murder , commonly known as

5310-456: The face of the earth." Lawyers for three of the four stated that their clients intended to appeal the verdict. The four men were sentenced on 13 September to death by hanging. Judge Yogesh Khanna rejected pleas for a lesser sentence saying the case has "shocked the collective conscience of India" and that "courts cannot turn a blind eye to such crimes." The victim's family was present for the sentencing and her mother expressed satisfaction over

5400-478: The family agrees to it and, following the news article which published the father's reported quote and the victim's name, some news outlets in India, Germany, Australia, and the United States also revealed her name. However, the following day Zee News quoted the father as saying, "I have only said we won't have any objection if the government uses my daughter's name for a new law for crime against women that

5490-410: The fast track court of Delhi, the four adult defendants were found guilty of rape, murder, unnatural offences and destruction of evidence. The four men faced the death penalty, and demonstrators outside the courthouse called for the hanging of the defendants. The victim's father also called for the defendants to be hanged, stating, "We will get complete closure only if all the accused are wiped off from

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5580-503: The gang rape incident. The juvenile defendant was declared as 17 years and six months old on the day of the crime by the Juvenile Justice Board (JJB), which relied on his birth certificate and school documents. The JJB rejected a police request for a bone ossification (age determination) test for a positive documentation of his age. On 28 January 2013, the JJB determined that he would not be tried as an adult. A petition moved by Janata Party president Subramanian Swamy seeking

5670-481: The government appointed a committee of doctors to ensure she received the best medical care. By 25 December, she remained intubated , on life support and in critical condition . Doctors stated that she had a fever of 102 to 103°F (39°C) and that internal bleeding due to sepsis was somewhat controlled. It was reported that she was "stable, conscious and meaningfully communicative". At a cabinet meeting chaired by then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 26 December,

5760-523: The group of six men already on board, including the driver, taunted the couple, asking what they were doing alone at such a late hour. During the argument, a scuffle ensued between her friend and the group of men. He was beaten, gagged and knocked unconscious with an iron rod. The men then dragged Jyoti to the rear of the bus, beating her with the rod and raping her while the bus driver continued to drive. A medical report later said that she suffered serious injuries to her abdomen, intestines and genitals due to

5850-487: The juvenile as mandated by the Juvenile Justice Act, 2000 management committees are set up before the release of juvenile convicts. Accordingly, a 'post-release plan' was submitted to the Delhi high court in December 2015. The plan was prepared and submitted by the management committee, headed by the officer of the District Child Protection Unit, and had recommended that "the juvenile should lead

5940-720: The latter being the location of both the Parliament of India and Rashtrapati Bhavan , the official residence of the President of India . Thousands of protesters clashed with police and battled Rapid Action Force units. Demonstrators were baton charged , shot with water cannon and tear gas shells, and arrested. Similar protests occurred throughout the country. More than 600 women belonging to various organisations demonstrated in Bangalore . Thousands of people silently marched in Kolkata . Protests occurred online as well on

6030-554: The law will be sent to them. Such families will be monitored and shall receive financial aid from the state. In adoption, disabled children and children who are physically and financially incapable will be given priority. Parents giving up their child for adoption will get 3 months to reconsider, compared to the earlier provision of 1 month. A person giving alcohol or drugs to a child shall be punished with 7 years imprison and/or ₹ 100,000 fine. Corporal punishment will be punishable by ₹ 50,000 or 3 years of imprisonment. A person selling

6120-531: The law, which will allow them to be tried for murder and rape as adults, would scare them. The bill was introduced in the Parliament by Maneka Gandhi on 12 August 2014. On 22 April 2015, the Cabinet cleared the final version after some changes. A revamped Juvenile Justice Bill was passed in the Lok Sabha on 7 May 2015. The new bill will allow minors in the age group of 16-18 to be tried as adults if they commit heinous crimes. The heinous crime will be examined by

6210-489: The male victim "wholly responsible" for the incident because he "failed in his duty to protect the woman". The Delhi police filed a charge sheet against the defendants on 13 March in the robbery of Ramadhir. The four surviving adult defendants went on trial in a fast-track court. The prosecution presented evidence including witness statements, the victim's statement, fingerprints, DNA testing , and dental modelling. It completed its case on 8 July. On 10 September 2013, in

6300-405: The maximum sentence of three years' imprisonment in a reform facility, inclusive of the eight months he spent in remand during the trial. Reportedly, Jyoti's younger brother had impulsively tried to attack the juvenile convict after hearing the verdict but the crowd in the courtroom managed to restrain him. The juvenile was released on 20 December 2015. For the rehabilitation and mainstreaming of

6390-467: The most brutal in the crime, he was subsequently sentenced to 3 years in a Juvenile Reform Facility, which earned criticism from activists and lawyers. He was released in December 2015 after his term finished. Following the arrest of the minor accused Vedant Agarwal in the 2024 Pune Porsche hit-and-run , which led to the death of 2 software engineers in Pune, he was granted bail by the JJB and asked to write

6480-524: The offers of a last meal and new clothes prior to the execution. They were blindfolded and did not resist as they were led to the gallows; however, Vinay Sharma suffered a breakdown prior to his execution and began pleading with the guards. The four convicts were pronounced dead after hanging for 30 minutes. Mukesh Singh reportedly requested to donate his organs. Public protests took place in New Delhi on 21 December 2012 at India Gate and Raisina Hill ,

6570-435: The power to issue adoption orders to the district magistrate. In 2021, The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Act, 2021 was passed by the Parliament of India . The previous provisions state that adoption of a child is final on the issuance of an adoption order by the civil court. The new amendment provides that instead of the court, the district magistrate shall issue such adoption orders. As per

6660-486: The previous act. The bill also seeks to make the adoption process of orphaned, abandoned and surrendered children more streamlined. Appeals against JJB's order can be made to the Children's Court . Subsequently, orders of the Children's court can be appealed in the High Court . The bill introduces foster care in India. Families will sign up for foster care and abandoned, orphaned children, or those in conflict with

6750-405: The prosecution of the minor as an adult because of the violent nature of his alleged crime was rejected by the JJB. The minor was tried separately in a juvenile court . A verdict in the case was scheduled to be announced on 25 July, but was deferred until 5 August and then deferred again to 19 August. On 31 August, he was convicted of rape and murder under the Juvenile Justice Act and given

6840-407: The rare category" that allows capital punishment. The lawyers of the four men said they would appeal to the Supreme Court. On 15 March 2014, the Supreme Court of India stayed the execution of two of the four convicts, Mukesh Singh and Pawan Gupta, to allow them to make their appeal against their conviction on 31 March. This was further extended by the court to the second week of July. On 2 June,

6930-558: The real name of the victim was initially not released to the media, so pseudonyms were used for her by various media houses instead, including Jagruti (awareness), Amanat (treasure), Nirbhaya (fearless one), Damini (lightning, after the 1993 Hindi Hit film ) and Delhi braveheart . The male victim, Awindra Pratap Pandey, was a software engineer from Gorakhpur , Uttar Pradesh, who lives in Ber Sarai , New Delhi; he suffered broken limbs but survived. Delhi police registered

7020-426: The social networking sites Facebook and WhatsApp , with users replacing their profile images with a black dot symbol. Tens of thousands signed an online petition protesting the incident. Yoga guru Baba Ramdev and former Army chief General Vijay Kumar Singh were among the demonstrators who clashed with Delhi Police at Jantar Mantar . On 24 December, activist Rajesh Gangwar started a hunger strike, saying about

7110-689: The status of a statutory body to enable it to perform its function more effectively. A separate chapter on Adoption provides detailed provisions relating to adoption and punishments for non compliance. Processes have been streamlined with timelines for both in-country and inter-country adoption including declaring a child legally free for adoption. This Act has further been amended by the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Act, 2021 which have come into force from 1 September 2022. The Ministry of Women and Child Development began contemplating several desired amendments in 2011 and

7200-405: The two other convicts, Sharma and Thakur, also asked the Supreme Court to stay their execution to allow them to make an appeal of their convictions. On 14 July, their execution was also stayed by Supreme Court. On 27 August 2015, Vinay, Akshay, Mukesh and Pawan were convicted of robbing Ramadhir and were later sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment. On 5   May 2017, the Supreme Court rejected

7290-608: The verdict saying, "We were waiting with bated breath, now we are relieved. I thank the people of my country and the media." After the verdict was delivered, the people waiting outside the courtroom applauded. Upon hearing that he would be executed, Vinay Sharma collapsed and pleaded with the judge, saying "Please sir, please sir." As the men left the courtroom, they shouted out to the crowd "Brothers, save us!" While on death row, Mukesh Singh blamed Jyoti for being raped, saying "You can't clap with one hand – it takes two hands. A decent girl won't roam around at 9 o'clock at night. A girl

7380-453: The woman and beat her friend. She was rushed to Safdarjung Hospital in Delhi for treatment and, as the public outrage mounted, the government had her transferred to Mount Elizabeth Hospital , Singapore eleven days after the assault, where she succumbed to her injuries two days later. The incident generated widespread national and international coverage and was widely condemned, both in India and abroad. Subsequently, public protests against

7470-521: Was born in Delhi on 10 May 1990, the eldest of three children and the only daughter of a lower-middle-class family. Her parents hailed from a small village in Ballia district of Uttar Pradesh . While Jyoti's mother is a home-maker, her father worked double shifts (two jobs) to support his family and send his children to good schools. In an interview, he related that as a youth, he had dreamed of becoming

7560-573: Was extremely critical. The chief executive officer of the Mount Elizabeth Hospital said that the victim suffered brain damage, pneumonia, and abdominal infection, and that she was "fighting for her life." Her condition continued to deteriorate, and she died at 4:45 am on 29 December, Singapore Standard Time (2:15 am, 29 December, IST ; 8:45 pm, 28 December, UTC ). Her body was cremated on 30 December in Delhi under high police security. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),

7650-465: Was found with injury marks, including numerous bite marks, all over her body. According to reports, one of the accused men admitted to having seen a rope-like object, assumed to be her intestines, being pulled out of the woman by the other assailants on the bus. Two blood-stained metal rods were retrieved from the bus and medical staff confirmed that "it was penetration by this that caused massive damage to her genitals, uterus and intestines". Jyoti Singh

7740-627: Was personally behind the decision. Hours earlier, then Union Minister P. Chidambaram had stated that Jyoti was not in a condition to be moved. During the six-hour flight by air-ambulance to Singapore on 27 December, Jyoti suddenly went into a "near collapse", which a later report described as a cardiac arrest. The doctors on the flight created an arterial line to stabilise her, but she had been without pulse and blood pressure for nearly three minutes and never regained consciousness in Singapore. On 28 December, at 11 am (IST), Jyoti's condition

7830-545: Was presented before the Metropolitan Magistrate on 18 December 2012. He refused to participate in an identification process. Investigation revealed a history of frequent drinking that resulted in "blinding rage", "bad temper", and quarrels with employers, that had led friends to call him "mental". On 11 March, Ram Singh was discovered hanging from a ventilator shaft in his cell which he shared with 3 other prisoners, at about 5:45 a.m. Authorities said it

7920-431: Was promulgated by President Pranab Mukherjee , several new laws were passed, and six new fast-track courts were created to hear rape cases. Critics argue that the legal system remains slow to hear and prosecute rape cases, but most agree that the case has resulted in a tremendous increase in the public discussion of crimes against women and statistics show that there has been an increase in the number of women willing to file

8010-425: Was referred to a Standing Committee of Parliament which also rejected such provisions. Since recommendations of Parliament's Standing Committee are not binding, Government has moved ahead and introduced the Bill in Lok Sabha, where it stands passed. The bill is also criticized for prescribing an opaque Age Determination System and its poor draft. There are numerous drafting errors which have been coming to notice after

8100-485: Was unclear whether it was a suicide or a murder. The male victim, Awindra Pratap Pandey, testified in court on 19 December 2012. Pandey recorded his statement with a sub-divisional magistrate at the Safdarjung Hospital on 21 December, in the presence of the Deputy Commissioner of police. He was reportedly plagued with guilt and trauma over the incident. On 21 December, the government promised to file

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