109-643: A juggalo (feminine juggalette , or juggala in Spanish) is a fan of the hip hop group Insane Clown Posse or any other hip hop group signed to Psychopathic Records . Juggalos have developed their own idioms, slang, and characteristics. The Gathering of the Juggalos , alternatively known as just "The Gathering", is a notable annual festival held by juggalos and the artists that they support, which have included rap stars such as Busta Rhymes , Ice Cube , and MC Hammer ; over its first eleven events (2000–2010),
218-438: A 'groupie'. A groupie, according to Cheryl Cline, is [A] person (a woman, usually), who 'chases after' rock stars, as my mother would say. But 'groupie' is also used more or less synonymously with 'girl Rock fan', 'female journalist', and 'woman Rock musician'; it's used to mean anyone working in the music field who isn't actually a Rock musician; it's used as an all-purpose insult and a slut on one's professionalism; it's used as
327-536: A complete or partial defense to assault. In some jurisdictions, most notably England, it is not a defense where the degree of injury is severe, as long as there is no legally recognized good reason for the assault. This can have important consequences when dealing with issues such as consensual sadomasochistic sexual activity , the most notable case being the Operation Spanner case. Legally recognized good reasons for consent include surgery, activities within
436-467: A crime in classical Athens. It was also considered the greatest sin of the ancient Greek world. That was so because it not only was proof of excessive pride, but also resulted in violent acts by or to those involved. The category of acts constituting hubris for the ancient Greeks apparently broadened from the original specific reference to mutilation of a corpse, or a humiliation of a defeated foe, or irreverent, "outrageous treatment", in general. The meaning
545-533: A criminal gang was ridiculed by the technology magazine Wired in a November 2011 article, with journalist Spencer Ackerman referring to previous scandals involving FBI harassment of Muslim-Americans . On January 8, 2014, Insane Clown Posse along with the American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan filed suit again against the FBI. The suit aims to have Juggalos no longer considered to be
654-445: A crush on their idols. There are also fans who want to become their friends or respect an idol's relationship. In fact, there are fans who idolize a celebrity couples. Gaming fans, or "gamers", are fans focused on playing non-sport games, usually role-playing games , board games , miniature wargames , collectible card games or video games . Music fans can differ somewhat from fans of particular musicians, in that they may focus on
763-544: A cute term for 'hero worship'; and it's used interchangeably with 'fan'. In other words, the term 'groupie' (used synonymously with the term 'fan' or 'fangirl') is frequently used to shame women involved within the music community, restricting their involvement to sexual relations with band members or worshipping male rock stars. This trend can also be observed within other fan communities, such as comic book fandoms, where women are frequently portrayed as "Fake Geek Girls", only interested in comic books to impress guys or to view
872-700: A favorable sports feat. This is most common when a member of the home team scores a hat trick in hockey. Other, more mild forms of displeasure shown by sports fans at sporting events involve simple groans of disappointment, and silence. These actions often denote that the favored home team is being outperformed by, or has lost to the much less-favored road team. In North America, extremely enthusiastic fans are often called "superfans": fans who dress up in outrageous and ostentatious costumes or outfits showing their devotion. Fanbases well known for their tenacious love and undying support are called rabid fans or fanatics. These fans often congregate hours before kickoff in what
981-418: A fine, imprisonment, or even death. Generally, the common law definition is the same in criminal and tort law . Traditionally, common law legal systems have separate definitions for assault and battery . When this distinction is observed, battery refers to the actual bodily contact, whereas assault refers to a credible threat or attempt to cause battery. Some jurisdictions combined the two offenses into
1090-427: A gang and to have any "criminal intelligence information" about Juggalos destroyed. The Gathering of the Juggalos ( The Gathering or GOTJ ) is an annual festival put on by Psychopathic Records, featuring performances by the entire label as well as numerous well-known musical groups and underground artists . It was founded by Robert Bruce, Insane Clown Posse, and its label in 2000. The Gathering has featured bands of
1199-427: A genre of music. Many of the trade journals around music, such as Rolling Stone , were created by music fans. A notable music fan was groupie Cynthia Plaster Caster , famous for making numerous plaster casts of rock stars' penises. Another was Pamela Des Barres , author of the book I'm With The Band . Fans who are not groupies prefer the term supporter . In the 1960s, the extreme frenzy of music fans surrounding
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#17327872649331308-452: A good example of such attacks, whereby multiple women working within the gaming industry were victims of sexual harassment and violent threats, some even forced to leave their homes for fear of a physical confrontation. The fangirls', often stereotyped as female, so-called 'hysteria' is described as the product of sexual repression. However, while it is expected for women to be involved in certain fandoms for physical or sexual reasons, this
1417-511: A group of Juggalos formed the Juggalos outreach program and started cleaning up Buffalo's East Side. In addition to the community cleanup, they run Hatchet House. The Hatchet House operates a 24/7 helpline referring community members in crises to services and serves as a base of operations for volunteer work and community service programs. Juggalos in Denver, Colorado , founded the charitable organization Juggalos Making A Difference . Although
1526-454: A less intense but somewhat similar connotation to "fanatic". Use of "the fancy" to mean avid sports enthusiasts emerged as an Americanism in the mid-19th century. The Dickson Baseball Dictionary cites William Henry Nugent's work asserting that it was derived from the fancy , a term referring to the fans of a specific hobby or sport from the early 18th century to the 19th, especially to the followers of boxing . According to that theory, it
1635-409: A man to be indulgent about the crushes of teenage girls than it is for him to be fair-minded about the sexual fantasies of the woman he loves when they're about someone else. And the same guy who'll leave Penthouse in the bathroom will yell, 'No woman of mine is gonna hang a poster of Prince naked to the waist on the inside of the closet of the spare room where no one will see it!' […] [U]ntil you reach
1744-481: A more sexualized, emotional, or bodily experience, as opposed to intellectual interests. For example, in music, women are more predominant, and accepted, within pop music fandoms, which Diane Railton describes as evoking an emotional and physical response, in contrast with the 'masculine' rock music, which is defined as 'serious' music with a 'meaning', focusing on political, cultural, and psychological discussion. Due to this, women are rarely given space or voice within
1853-452: A name for themselves, Floobs. According to Joe, a Floob was essentially a scrub, but not just an ordinary scrub. A Floob "wore the same old shoes and shitty clothes from rummage sales ... but ... didn't even have to be cool. [Floobs] turned [their] scrubbiness into something [they] could be proud of." Though Joe only specifically names himself and his brother as Floobs, he alludes to other Floobs whom he had not met or known of, but were living in
1962-479: A number of offences of assault. Assault is defined by section 252 of that Act. Assault is a misdemeanor punishable by one year imprisonment; assault with "intent to have carnal knowledge of him or her" or who indecently assaults another, or who commits other more-serious variants of assault (as defined in the Act) are guilty of a felony, and longer prison terms are provided for. Marshall Islands The offence of assault
2071-431: A person to apprehend the imminent infliction of unlawful force, whilst battery refers to the actual infliction of force. Each state has legislation relating to the act of assault, and offences against the act that constitute assault are heard in the magistrates' court of that state or indictable offences are heard in a district or supreme court of that state. The legislation that defines assault of each state outline what
2180-465: A police officer . Assault may overlap with an attempted crime; for example, an assault may be charged as attempted murder if it was done with intent to kill. Battery is a criminal offense that involves the use of physical force against another person without their consent . It is a type of assault and is considered a serious crime. Battery can include a wide range of actions, from slapping someone to causing serious harm or even death. Depending on
2289-759: A portmanteau of "stalker" and "fan", but this has never been confirmed. A website known as "Stan Wars" or "stanipedia" sprouted up to host discussions and flame wars between rival fanbases. The Korean equivalent for a stan is a sasaeng . Stan culture has been criticized for being toxic and parasocial . Colloquially, the term can be used as both a noun or a verb . Stans of a particular artist are often given more detailed names, such as "Arianators" for fans of Ariana Grande , " Directioner " for fans of One Direction and " Swifties " for fans of Taylor Swift . Some artists, however, do not have specific titles attributed to their stans; fans of Kylie Minogue have been called Kylie Stans. Even for fandoms with specific titles,
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#17327872649332398-478: A regular basis and go to sports games as a family outing to watch events and form a psychological bond with one another and as a family. Others with no biological relations may view the team and fanbase as their family as Arsenal fan Maria Petri stated. Going to sports events can create a borrowed sense of self-esteem if fans identify with their teams to the extent that they consider themselves to be successful when their teams have been successful (e.g., as seen in
2507-560: A related fan club , holding or participating in fan conventions or writing fan mail . They may also engage in creative activities (" fan labor ") such as creating fanzines , writing fan fiction , making memes or drawing fan art . Merriam-Webster, the Oxford dictionary and other sources define "fan" as a shortened version of the word fanatic . Fanatic itself, introduced into English around 1550, means "marked by excessive enthusiasm and often intense uncritical devotion". It comes from
2616-413: A shop assistant by simply jumping over a counter while wearing a ski mask . The court said: [A]n assault may be constituted by threatening gestures sufficient to produce alarm Scots law also provides for a more serious charge of aggravated assault on the basis of such factors as severity of injury, the use of a weapon, or Hamesucken (to assault a person in their own home). The mens rea for assault
2725-474: A sign of maturity to pack up all the posters, photos, magazines, scrapbooks, and unauthorized biographies you so lovingly collected and shove them in the back of the closet. These conflicting accounts of fangirl behaviour are due to the belief that women are not supposed to express such sexual fantasies unless influenced by some hormonal induced craziness, while for men it is normal to be sexual regardless of age. As Cheryl Cline summarizes, It's much easier for
2834-464: A silver spoon in your mouth, or a crack rock in your mouth." Juggalos have compared themselves to a family. However, the subculture is most predominant in rural North America. Common characteristics of identifying a member of the Juggalo subculture are as follows: Juggalos view the lyrics of Psychopathic Records artists, which are often violent, as a catharsis for aggression. Many characteristics of
2943-429: A single crime called "assault and battery", which then became widely referred to as "assault". The result is that in many of these jurisdictions, assault has taken on a definition that is more in line with the traditional definition of battery. The legal systems of civil law and Scots law have never distinguished assault from battery. Legal systems generally acknowledge that assaults can vary greatly in severity. In
3052-547: A sizable number of 'Rentheads' since its Broadway debut. Similarly, fans devoted to The Phantom of the Opera have been dubbed 'Phans'. In 2018, Playbill included The Phantom of the Opera in its list of the "Top 10 Musical Fandoms" of the year. Otaku is a Japanese term for people with obsessive interests. In Japan, the term is normally derogatory, a connotation lacking in English, where it generally refers to people in
3161-636: A specific intent: In Scots law , assault is defined as an "attack upon the person of another". There is no distinction made in Scotland between assault and battery (which is not a term used in Scots law), although, as in England and Wales, assault can be occasioned without a physical attack on another's person, as demonstrated in Atkinson v. HM Advocate wherein the accused was found guilty of assaulting
3270-409: A sports bar is generally more common inside of one. The intensity of cheering and jeering at a sports bar by sports fans can often range from equal to stronger than that of fans actually at the sporting event for particularly significant games and matches. At home, sports fans may have few fellow fans but also more freedom. This is sometimes where the most intense cheering or jeering will take place. In
3379-625: A stan broke her own leg to emulate the injury. The fan tracked down Jessie J's personal address and sent her a photograph of the self-inflicted injury. The singer was horrified and decided to increase her security. Singer-songwriter Lorde has a different opinion on the matter of giving her followers a nickname. She discouraged it by saying "I find it grating to lump everyone into a really awkward, pun-centric name" and affirmed she will never name her fanbase. Women tend to be "more restricted in their leisure choices and opportunities than men," and their experiences within fandoms are typically demeaned to
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3488-427: A strong enough interest that some changes in their lifestyles are made to accommodate devotion to the focal object. Fans have a desire for external involvement – they are motivated to demonstrate their involvement with the area of interest through certain behaviors (attending conventions , posting online, displaying team banners outside their homes, etc.). Fans often have a "wish to acquire" material objects related to
3597-403: A study by psychologists from Cambridge University , the more that people publicly express admiration for a public figure , the more likely it is that the fans' faith in the public figure will remain unaffected following "moral violations" by the adored person. A stan is an excessively avid fan and supporter of a celebrity , TV show, group, musical artist, film or film series. The object of
3706-439: A twenty-minute film documenting the festival, through their subsidiary music channel, Noisey. Sean Dunne directed the work. On August 9, 2013, 24-year-old Cory Collins died at the festival, following three more deaths at previous festivals. In 2012, Shaggy and Violent J created the annual Juggalo Day, a yearly event to thank and celebrate its fans. 2013 started the album shows, playing a joker card album from front to back. 2013
3815-488: A variety of genres within hip hop and rock, though the majority of the acts perform horrorcore and hardcore hip hop , similar to that of Psychopathic Records artists. Described by Joseph Bruce as a "Juggalo Woodstock", the Gathering of the Juggalos spans four days and includes concerts, wrestling, games, contests, autograph sessions, karaoke, and seminars with artists. According to the roots music journal No Depression ,
3924-412: A weapon and can range from physical violence to threats of violence. Assault is frequently referred to as an attempt to commit battery , which is the deliberate use of physical force against another person. The deliberate inflicting of fear, apprehension, or terror is another definition of assault that can be found in several legal systems. Depending on the severity of the offense, assault may result in
4033-429: Is a person who exhibits strong interest or admiration for something or somebody, such as a celebrity , a sport , a sports team , a genre , a politician , a book , a movie , a video game or an entertainer. Collectively, the fans of a particular object or person constitute its fanbase or fandom . They may show their enthusiasm in a variety of ways, such as by promoting the object of their interest, being members of
4142-692: Is a synonym to "fan" that predates the latter term and is still commonly used in British English , especially to denote fans of sports teams. However, the term "fan" has become popular throughout the English-speaking world, including the United Kingdom . The term supporter is also used in a political sense in the United States, to a fan of a politician , a political party , and a controversial issue. Fans usually have
4251-608: Is a wide range of the types of assault that can occur. Generally, an assault occurs when a person directly or indirectly applies force intentionally to another person without their consent. It can also occur when a person attempts to apply such force, or threatens to do so, without the consent of the other person. An injury need not occur for an assault to be committed, but the force used in the assault must be offensive in nature with an intention to apply force. It can be an assault to "tap", "pinch", "push", or direct another such minor action toward another, but an accidental application of force
4360-676: Is about to use criminal force to that person, is said to commit an assault. The Code further explains that "mere words do not amount to an assault. But the words which a person uses may give to their gestures or preparation such a meaning as may make those gestures or preparations amount to an assault". Assault is in Indian criminal law an attempt to use criminal force (with criminal force being described in s.350). The attempt itself has been made an offence in India, as in other states. The Criminal Code Act (chapter 29 of Part V; sections 351 to 365) creates
4469-777: Is also used to describe fans of K-pop. The term is not to be confused with Sasaeng fans, which are overly obsessed fans who stalk and sometimes bring harm to idols. The term was added to the Oxford English Dictionary in 2017. Celebrities have positively reacted to their "stan" followings. Notably, English singer-songwriter Jessie J had this to say about her stans, "They support me and buy my albums and singles, and they stand outside hotels, and they come to shows, and they get tattoos of my lyrics and they cut their hair like me. You have to love your fans. That's why I call them my Heartbeats, because without them I wouldn't be here". In 2012, after Jessie J broke her leg,
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4578-483: Is also viewed as undesirable and driven by hormonal changes. These acts of adoration are societally limited to adolescent youth, or menopausal women, in both instances blaming "these two periods of hormonal lunacy" on the irrational, overtly sexual behaviour. For instance, Cheryl Cline, in her text entitled "Essays from Bitch: The Women's Rock Newsletter with Bite", discusses how women need to keep their interests hidden once they pass adolescence. In her own words, "[i]t's
4687-598: Is created by section 113 of the Criminal Code. A person is guilty of this offence if they unlawfully offer or attempt, with force or violence, to strike, beat, wound, or do bodily harm to, another. Section 2 of the Non-Fatal Offences against the Person Act 1997 creates the offence of assault, and section 3 of that Act creates the offence of assault causing harm . South African law does not draw
4796-443: Is going well for their team, and stress when play is going against their team. This tension between the two emotions generates an unusual sense of pleasure or heightened sensations. Aesthetics are another draw for some fans, who appreciate the precision or skill of play, or of the coordinated movement of the players during a pre-planned "play". Family bonding is a reason for some fan activities. Some families watch televised sports on
4905-482: Is intended and caused (R v Paice; R v Jobidon). A person cannot consent to serious bodily harm. Assault in Ancient Greece was normally termed hubris . Contrary to modern usage, the term did not have the extended connotation of overweening pride , self-confidence or arrogance, often resulting in fatal retribution. In Ancient Greece, "hubris" referred to actions which, intentionally or not, shamed and humiliated
5014-400: Is known as a tailgation or tailgating. At sports bars , sports fans will gather together, often while consuming food and alcoholic beverages, with the purpose of following a particular sporting event on television as a group. Sports bars often advertise in hopes of drawing fans of a particular player or team to watch together to increase bonds between fans and prevent fights. This can create
5123-478: Is not an assault. The potential punishment for an assault in Canada varies depending on the manner in which the charge proceeds through the court system and the type of assault that is committed. The Criminal Code defines assault as a dual offence (indictable or summary offence). Police officers can arrest someone without a warrant for an assault if it is in the public's interest to do so notwithstanding S.495(2)(d) of
5232-414: Is not legally considered to be assault unless it is deemed to be excessive or unreasonable. What constitutes "reasonable" varies in both statutory law and case law . Unreasonable physical punishment may be charged as assault or under a separate statute for child abuse . In English law , s. 58 Children Act 2004 limits the availability of the lawful correction defense to common assault. This defence
5341-474: Is simply "evil intent", although this has been held to mean no more than that assault "cannot be committed accidentally or recklessly or negligently" as upheld in Lord Advocate's Reference No 2 of 1992 where it was found that a "hold-up" in a shop justified as a joke would still constitute an offence. It is a separate offence to assault on a constable in the execution of their duty, under section 90 of
5450-481: Is some debate over whether the touching must also be hostile. The terms "assault" and "common assault" often encompass the separate offence of battery, even in statutory settings such as section 40(3)(a) of the Criminal Justice Act 1988 (c. 33). A common assault is an assault that lacks any of the aggravating features which Parliament has deemed serious enough to deserve a higher penalty. Section 39 of
5559-432: Is split between violent and nonviolent factions. Some members of the Juggalos street gang even look down on non-criminal Juggalos, considering them to be weak, and criminal Juggalo gangs have committed attacks on non-gang-related Juggalos. Both Juggalo gang affiliates and nonviolent Juggalos believe in the Juggalo "family." However, some nonviolent Juggalos do not believe that any gang-related activity should be associated with
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#17327872649335668-634: Is such as seriously to interfere with health". The common law crime of indecent assault was repealed by the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, 2007 , and replaced by a statutory crime of sexual assault . Abolished offences: English law provides for two offences of assault: common assault and battery . Assault (or common assault ) is committed if one intentionally or recklessly causes another person to apprehend immediate and unlawful personal violence. Violence in this context means any unlawful touching, though there
5777-523: The Society for Creative Anachronism , gaming fandom, and furry fandom , sometimes collectively referred to as "fringe fandoms". Science fiction fandom developed its own slang, known as fanspeak after the "Newspeak" of the novel Nineteen Eighty-four . Fanspeak is made up of acronyms , blended words, obscure in-jokes, puns , coinages from science fiction novels or films, and archaic or standard English words used in specific ways relevant or amusing to
5886-498: The United States , an assault can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony . In England and Wales and Australia , it can be charged as either common assault , assault occasioning actual bodily harm (ABH) or grievous bodily harm (GBH). Canada also has a three-tier system: assault, assault causing bodily harm and aggravated assault . Separate charges typically exist for sexual assaults , affray and assaulting
5995-499: The anime and manga fandom . People who approve of or associate themselves with certain politicians or political groups are generally called "supporters" rather than "fans", although there are politicians with official or unofficial "fan clubs". Intense and organized support for a politician may be referred to as a personality cult , particularly in authoritarian or totalitarian regimes. Fans of professional wrestling can be divided into two groups: marks and smarks . Derived from
6104-706: The letter columns of science fiction magazines . This non-centralized movement has given birth to science fiction fanzines (and amateur press associations ), science fiction conventions , the Hugo Awards (and various imitators/derivatives), filk music , "fan funds" such as the Trans Atlantic Fan Fund , and a variety of other institutions, jargon and customs. It has nurtured writers and artists such as Ray Bradbury , Roger Ebert , Lenny Kaye , Michael Moorcock and Trina Robbins ; and has generated such spin-offs as comic book fandom, media fandom ,
6213-481: The "artist stan" formula still applies. Some of these monikers are almost universally known and used by fans of the artists as well as outsiders. Other nicknames are not commonly used, neither by outsiders nor by the concerning fan-base, such as Kylie Minogue 's "Kylie Stans", Madonna 's "Madonna Fans", Maroon 5 's "Maroon 5 Stans" or Nick Jonas 's so called "Nick Jonas Fans", usually appearing on social media networks such as Twitter and Tumblr , The term "stan"
6322-528: The Beatles became known as Beatlemania . In 2019, Billboard observed that popular musicians such as Tyler, the Creator had leveraged the power of fans to drive digital downloads using merchandise bundles. Similarly, GQ recognized Vampire Weekend for their commitment to extensive band merchandising for dedicated fans. Popular musicals have their own particular sets of fans. Rent has boasted
6431-458: The Code. This public interest is usually satisfied by preventing a continuation or repetition of the offence on the same victim. Some variations on the ordinary crime of assault include: An individual cannot consent to an assault with a weapon, assault causing bodily harm, aggravated assault, or any sexual assault. Consent will also be vitiated if two people consent to fight but serious bodily harm
6540-615: The Criminal Justice Act 1988 provides that common assault, like battery, is triable only in a magistrates' court in England and Wales (unless it is linked to a more serious offence, which is triable in the Crown Court ). Additionally, if a defendant has been charged on an indictment with assault occasioning actual bodily harm (ABH), or racially/religiously aggravated assault, then a jury in the Crown Court may acquit
6649-501: The Juggalo culture originated in the 1980s, when Joseph Bruce (Violent J) and his family were living in poverty . He and his brother Robert received all their clothes from rummage sales, and their food from canned food drives held at their school. Due to their poverty, the Bruce Brothers were the butt of many jokes in school. However, the brothers were not ashamed of their living standards and instead embraced them. Joe even made
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#17327872649336758-436: The Juggalo lifestyle. The Insane Clown Posse filed a lawsuit against the FBI about the gang-listing. In December 2012, ICP agreed to withdraw their involvement as plaintiffs. Psychopathic Records launched the website juggalosfightback.com for fans to submit stories about unfair treatment by law enforcement. ICP hopes to use these stories in their legal battle to declassify Juggalos as a gang. The classification of Juggalos as
6867-407: The Juggalo subculture stems from the horrorcore subgenre of the general hip hop music fandom, criminal and gang-related activity has been attributed to self-described 'Juggalos' in recent years, including assaults , drug trafficking , vandalism , burglary , shootings, theft, robbery , and numerous murders . According to a 2011 National Gang Intelligence Center report, the Juggalo subculture
6976-463: The Juggalo subculture. In 2009, television sketch comedy Saturday Night Live began a reoccurring series of sketches about the "Kickspit Underground Rock Festival" which parodies Juggalos and the Gathering of the Juggalos. The following year, the television show It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia featured a Juggalo character in the episode "Dee Reynolds: Shaping America’s Youth". In 2011,
7085-498: The Modern Latin fanaticus , meaning "insanely but divinely inspired". The word originally pertained to a temple or sacred place [Latin fanum , poetic English fane ]. The modern sense of "extremely zealous" dates from around 1647; the use of fanatic as a noun dates from 1650. However, the term "fancy" for an intense liking of something (a usage attested by 1545), while being of a different etymology, coincidentally carries
7194-757: The age when everybody thinks you're crazy anyway, so why not admit to an intense hankering to run your fingers through Willie Nelson's whiskers? According to Jackson Katz in the documentary Tough Guise 2 , boys are taught early on that to be "real men" they need to be tough and not to show their feelings. [Men] can't show any emotion except anger. We can't think too much or seem too intellectual. We can't back down when someone disrespects us. We have to show we're tough enough to inflict physical pain and take it in turn. We're supposed to be sexually aggressive with women. And then we're taught that if we step out of this box, we risk being seen as soft, weak, feminine, or gay. He later elaborates, stating that, Assault In
7303-738: The ancient Greek concepts of honor (timē) and shame. The concept of timē included not only the exaltation of the one receiving honor, but also the shaming of the one overcome by the act of hubris. This concept of honor is akin to a zero-sum game. Rush Rehm simplifies this definition to the contemporary concept of "insolence, contempt, and excessive violence". The Indian Penal Code covers the punishments and types of assault in Chapter 16, sections 351 through 358. Whoever makes any gesture, or any preparation intending or knowing it to be likely that such gesture or preparation will cause any person present to apprehend that he who makes that gesture or preparation
7412-447: The area of interest, such as a baseball hit by a famous slugger or a used guitar pick from their musical hero. As well, some fans have a desire for social interaction with other fans. This again may take many forms, from casual conversation, e-mail, chat rooms, and electronic mailing lists to regular face-to-face meetings such as fan club meetings and organized conventions. There are several groups of fans that can be differentiated by
7521-402: The attractive men present within their content, or sports communities, where women are often made uncomfortable at live sporting events due to the overt sexism and aggressive masculinity displayed by male spectators, and then labelled as 'inauthentic' for viewing the games via television instead. Within hockey, female fans are often called "Puck Bunnies", defined as, [S]omeone who hangs around
7630-621: The book takes place at the Gathering of the Juggalos. The 2018 Film Family includes characters that identify as Juggalos and a pivotal scene takes place at a Gathering of the Juggalos. Several celebrities and other well-known figures have identified themselves as Juggalos. These include actors Kane Hodder and Charlie Sheen ; professional wrestlers Kazushige Nosawa , Vampiro , Colt Cabana , and Willie Mack ; and rappers Chuck D , Coolio , Kung Fu Vampire , MURS , MC Lars and Vanilla Ice . Fan (person) A fan or fanatic , sometimes also termed an aficionado , stan or enthusiast ,
7739-441: The court that they felt threatened by the intruder's presence. The below table shows the rate of reported serious assault for individual countries according to United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime for the last available year. The term 'assault', when used in legislation, commonly refers to both common assault and battery, even though the two offences remain distinct. Common assault involves intentionally or recklessly causing
7848-417: The defendant of the more serious offence, but still convict of common assault if it finds common assault has been committed. An assault which is aggravated by the scale of the injuries inflicted may be charged as offences causing "actual bodily harm" (ABH) or, in the severest cases, " grievous bodily harm " (GBH). Other aggravated assault charges refer to assaults carried out against a specific target or with
7957-400: The distinction between assault and battery. Assault is a common law crime defined as "unlawfully and intentionally applying force to the person of another, or inspiring a belief in that other that force is immediately to be applied to him". The law also recognises the crime of assault with intent to cause grievous bodily harm , where grievous bodily harm is defined as "harm which in itself
8066-548: The elements are that make up the assault, where the assault is sectioned in legislation or criminal codes, and the penalties that apply for the offence of assault. In New South Wales, the Crimes Act 1900 defines a range of assault offences deemed more serious than common assault and which attract heavier penalties. These include: Assault is an offence under s. 265 of the Canadian Criminal Code . There
8175-443: The event displays the Juggalo culture's connection to hillbilly culture, by featuring "backyard wrestling, Wild West imagery, county fair performers like Naughty by Nature and Gallagher [and] acres and acres of white guys [wearing wife beater shirts] getting high." Over its first eleven events, the festival has drawn an attendance of about 107,500 fans. In July 2012, the media organization Vice released American Juggalo ,
8284-433: The fan's own home, unbridled and lengthy screaming, crying, acts of destruction to household objects, and other manifestations of joy or anguish, are perhaps seen as most acceptable in comparison to the sports bar or sporting venue simply because such acts taken to such an extreme can be seen as disruptive to a large number of fellow fans even if they share the same sentiment if it is of less intensity. The greatest variables of
8393-699: The fan, or alienating themselves from said others. Often sports fans will invite other fans of relatively similar rooting intensity over to their house to experience a sporting event together so that all involved can voice pleasure or displeasure to their heart's content and increase shared bonds in the process. It is becoming common for this type of bonding to take place over sports-related social networks . The drivers that make people fans, and in particular sports fans, have been studied by psychologists, such as Dan Wann at Murray State University , and communication scholars, such as Adam Earnheardt at Youngstown State University . They attribute people becoming fans to
8502-575: The festival drew a total attendance of about 107,500 fans, averaging nearly 9,800 per year, with a peak of 20,000 in 2010. The term juggalo originated during a 1994 live performance by Insane Clown Posse . During the song "The Juggla", Violent J addressed the audience as Juggalos , and the positive response resulted in Violent J and Shaggy 2 Dope using the word thereafter to refer to themselves and their friends, family, and fans, including other Psychopathic Records artists. The fanbase boomed following
8611-412: The field of play and ultimately, the favorable object. Likewise, displeasure toward a particular incident, player, or team may be met by fans with booing, shouting of expletives, and sometimes throwing of objects onto the field. This violent type of fan reaction is often called hooliganism . Lighter, more harmless objects are also occasionally thrown onto certain fields of play as a form of celebration of
8720-471: The following factors: One element is entertainment, because sports spectatorship is a form of leisure. Sports is also a form of escapism, and being a fan gives one an excuse to yell at something, an activity that may be constrained in other areas of one's life. Fan activities give participants a combination of euphoria and stress (about the potential for their team to lose) for which they coin the name " eustress ". Fans experience euphoria during moments when play
8829-408: The intellectual realm of music. According to Frank Zappa , "men come to hear the music and chicks come for the sex thrills," implying that women's involvement in fan communities is purely sexual, and that they are incapable of displaying intellectual or artistic interest in the music itself. Those who do manage to become involved within the world of 'serious' music are often relegated to the realm of
8938-423: The intensity level of their level of involvement or interest in the hobby (level of fanaticism ) The likelihood for a subject of interest to be elevated to the level of fandom appears to be dictated by its complexity. Complexity allows further involvement of fans for a longer period of time because of the time needed to work the subject of interest 'out.' It also contributes to a greater sense of belonging because of
9047-406: The mental effort invested in the subject. These fans will often hold a crush on a major movie star , pop star , athlete or celebrity (see teen idol ). The groupie is an example, a fan of a particular band or musician, who will follow them on concert tours. The degree of devotion to celebrities can range from a simple crush to the deluded belief that they have a special relationship with
9156-599: The phrase "we have won"). If a fan identifies strongly with a favorite team, they will respond to the performance of the team as if team success were a personal success and team failure a personal failure. Fan loyalty is the loyalty felt and expressed by a fan towards the object of their fanaticism. Allegiances can be strong or weak. The loyalties of sports fans have been studied by psychologists and have often been reviewed. Fangirls and fanboys in fandoms sometimes, with various meanings, consider their fandom to be their "family", and feel very loyal to it, usually. According to
9265-493: The players, always on the lookout for the chance to get that autograph / photograph / quick pint [drink] / quick knee trem-bler round the back of the Arena from the player or players (or even coach) of their choice, heck let's face it even the water carrier is in with a chance here. Such discrimination against female fans can become violent at times in an effort to police "authenticity". The recent events known as GamerGate provide
9374-528: The preceding classes of defense in that a threat or attempt to damage property might be considered a crime (in English law, under s5 Criminal Damage Act 1971 it may be argued that the defendant has a lawful excuse to damage property during the defense and a defense under s3 Criminal Law Act 1967 ) subject to the need to deter vigilantes and excessive self-help. Furthermore, some jurisdictions, such as Ohio, allow residents in their homes to use force when ejecting an intruder. The resident merely needs to assert to
9483-409: The purpose of causing a harmful or offensive contact with another person or under circumstances that make such contact substantially certain to occur, and which causes such contact. Aggravated assault is a violent crime that involves violence or the threat of violence. It is generally described as an intentional act that causes another person to fear imminent physical harm or injury. This can include
9592-543: The purpose of performing an arrest or generally carrying out their official duties. Thus, a court officer taking possession of goods under a court order may use force if reasonably necessary. In some jurisdictions such as Singapore , judicial corporal punishment is part of the legal system . The officers who administer the punishment have immunity from prosecution for assault. In the United States, England, Northern Ireland, Australia and Canada, corporal punishment administered to children by their parent or legal guardian
9701-424: The range and precise application of defenses varies between jurisdictions, the following represents a list of the defenses that may apply to all levels of assault: Exceptions exist to cover unsolicited physical contact which amount to normal social behavior known as de minimis harm. Assault can also be considered in cases involving the spitting on, or unwanted exposure of bodily fluids to others. Consent may be
9810-414: The reaction of a sports fan in their own home are the intensity of the fan's desire to see their team win or perform well, and the presence of another: often a wife, children, or friends who may be significantly less ardent sports fans or not sports fans at all, which may significantly temper the fan's reaction to a highly positive or negative moment due to the fear of causing a scene or scaring those close to
9919-665: The release of their third album, Riddle Box , in 1995, leading Insane Clown Posse to write the songs "What Is a Juggalo?" and "Down With the Clown" for their 1997 album The Great Milenko . The roots music journal No Depression classified Juggalos as " goth clowns", as well as "a true community of music-lovers with a strange and warped view of today’s music scene and a strong connection to modern hillbilly culture." According to Shaggy 2 Dope , "[Juggalos come] from all walks of life – from poverty, from rich, from all religions, all colors. ... It doesn't matter if you're born with
10028-425: The rules of a game ( mixed martial arts , wrestling , boxing , or contact sports ), bodily adornment ( R v Wilson [1996] Crim LR 573), or horseplay ( R v Jones [1987] Crim LR 123). However, any activity outside the rules of the game is not legally recognized as a defense of consent. In Scottish law, consent is not a defense for assault. Police officers and court officials have a general power to use force for
10137-502: The same conditions as he and his brother; the respect that Floobs had for each other and their family-like embrace of likewise people influenced the philosophy held among Juggalos. Since 2008, Florida Juggalos organized The Juggalo Cleanup Crew to pick up trash for the Dead Stephanie Memorial Cleanup, in honor of Stephanie Harris, a high school student who died of diabetes in 2008. In Buffalo, New York ,
10246-446: The same term for the prey of conmen , a mark is a fan who believes that everything associated with professional wrestling is real. In contrast, a "smark" is a fan who recognizes that they are witnessing a stage-managed work (" kayfabe "), but appreciates it nonetheless, including its backstage aspects. Since the 1920s, an increasingly elaborate sub-culture of organized science fiction fandom has arisen, initially among correspondents to
10355-555: The science fiction community. Some fanspeak terms, like fanzine have become standard English. Some fanspeak terms relate to fans themselves: Specific sub-groups of science fiction fandom are often known by a collection term. For example: A sports fan can be an enthusiast for a particular athlete, team, sport, or all of organized sports as a whole. Sports fans often attend sporting events in stadiums , in sports bars , or watch them at home on television, and follow news through newspapers, websites, and social media. The mentality of
10464-435: The sense of unity in a sports bar as all cheers and boos will appear to be synchronized due to similar feelings and reactions by nearly all fans at the fortunes and misfortunes of the favored team or athlete. Due to the level of devotion and intensity of feeling towards the favored team or athlete by sports bar patrons, as well as partially due to the alcohol being served, behavior that would be seen as unruly or fanatical outside
10573-400: The severity of the offense, it can carry a wide range of punishments, including jail time, fines, and probation. In jurisdictions that make a distinction between the two, assault usually accompanies battery if the assailant both threatens to make unwanted contact and then carries through with this threat. See common assault . The elements of battery are that it is a volitional act, done for
10682-404: The speeches of Demosthenes , a prominent statesman and orator in ancient Greece . These two examples occurred when first, in addition to other acts of violence, Meidias allegedly punched Demosthenes in the face in the theater ( Against Meidias ), and second (Against Konon), when the defendant allegedly severely beat him. Hubris, though not specifically defined, was a legal term and was considered
10791-432: The sports fan is often such that they will experience a game, or event while living vicariously through players or teams whom the fan favors. This behavior manifests itself in a number of different ways, depending on the venue. At a stadium or arena, sports fans will voice their pleasure with a particular incident, player, or team by cheering , which consists of clapping, fist-pumping, or shouting positive exclamations toward
10900-399: The stan's affection is often called "bias" (or "fave", although that is an outdated term). The term comes from the 2000 song " Stan " by American rapper Eminem , which tells the story of an obsessive and delusional fan. The term has frequently been used to describe artist devotees whose fanaticism matches the severity of the obsessive character in the song. The word is sometimes described as
11009-526: The star which does not exist. In extreme cases, this can lead to celebrity worship syndrome or stalking behavior. This can easily switch to hatred of the previously loved celebrity, and result in attempts at violent attacks; one notable incident being the death of Rebecca Schaeffer by a stalking fan, Robert John Bardo , in 1989. The latter is somewhat related to the concept of parasocial interaction where audiences develop one-sided relationships with media personalities and celebrities. Not all fans have
11118-469: The television show Workaholics aired an episode called "Straight Up Juggahos" that revolved around Juggalos and an Insane Clown Posse concert. Later that year, an independent documentary entitled American Juggalo was released. Gathering Prey , the 2015 crime novel in the Lucas Davenport series by John Sandford , features a villain named Pilate who, with his disciples, are Juggalos. Much of
11227-488: The terminology of law , an assault is the act of causing physical harm or unwanted physical contact to another person, or, in some legal definitions, the threat or attempt to do so. It is both a crime and a tort and, therefore, may result in criminal prosecution , civil liability , or both. Additionally, assault is a criminal act in which a person intentionally causes fear of physical harm or offensive contact to another person. Assault can be committed with or without
11336-554: The use of a weapon, or the threat of using a weapon. It is usually considered a felony offense and can carry severe penalties. Aggravated assault is often considered a very serious crime and can lead to long-term prison sentences. Aggravated assault is, in some jurisdictions, a stronger form of assault, usually using a deadly weapon . A person has committed an aggravated assault when that person attempts to: Aggravated assault can also be charged in cases of attempted harm against police officers or other public servants. Although
11445-410: The victim, and frequently the perpetrator as well. It was most evident in the public and private actions of the powerful and rich. Violations of the law against hubris included, what would today be termed, assault and battery; sexual crimes ranging from forcible rape of women or children to consensual but improper activities; or the theft of public or sacred property. Two well-known cases are found in
11554-603: Was abolished in Wales in 2022. Many countries, including some US states, also permit the use of controversial corporal punishment for children in school or home. This may or may not involve self-defense in that, using a reasonable degree of force to prevent another from committing a crime could involve preventing an assault, but it could be preventing a crime not involving the use of personal violence. Some jurisdictions allow force to be used in defense of property , to prevent damage either in its own right, or under one or both of
11663-467: Was eventually further generalized in its modern English usage to apply to any outrageous act or exhibition of pride or disregard for basic moral laws. Such an act may be referred to as an "act of hubris", or the person committing the act may be said to be hubristic. Atë , Greek for 'ruin, folly, delusion', is the action performed by the hero, usually because of their hubris, or great pride, that leads to their death or downfall. Crucial to this definition are
11772-498: Was originally shortened to fance then just to the homonym fans . The Great American Baseball Scrapbook attributes the term to Chris Von der Ahe , owner of the Saint Louis Brown Stockings in 1882. Von der Ahe sold tickets for 25 cents, hoping the many patrons would purchase his beer; the low ticket price helped him lead the stats in attendance. He called the fanatics filling his stands "fans". Supporter
11881-619: Was the "Riddle Box Show" in Detroit. 2014 was the "Great Milenko Show" in Columbus, Ohio. 2015 had the free concert called "Take Me Home" at the Detroit Masonic Temple . Psychopathic Records launched the professional wrestling company Juggalo Championship Wrestling in 1999. In 2009, Psychopathic Video filmed a documentary about Juggalos entitled A Family Underground . Mainstream media has also made references to
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