Super high frequency ( SHF ) is the ITU designation for radio frequencies (RF) in the range between 3 and 30 gigahertz (GHz). This band of frequencies is also known as the centimetre band or centimetre wave as the wavelengths range from one to ten centimetres. These frequencies fall within the microwave band, so radio waves with these frequencies are called microwaves. The small wavelength of microwaves allows them to be directed in narrow beams by aperture antennas such as parabolic dishes and horn antennas , so they are used for point-to-point communication and data links and for radar . This frequency range is used for most radar transmitters, wireless LANs , satellite communication , microwave radio relay links, satellite phones ( S band ), and numerous short range terrestrial data links. They are also used for heating in industrial microwave heating , medical diathermy , microwave hyperthermy to treat cancer, and to cook food in microwave ovens .
16-406: (Redirected from K-band ) K band may refer to: K band (IEEE) , a radio frequency band from 18 to 27 GHz K band (infrared) , an atmospheric transmission window centred on 2.2 μm K band (NATO) , a radio frequency band from 20 to 40 GHz See also [ edit ] K a band , a radio frequency band from 26.5 to 40 GHz K u band ,
32-471: A quarter wave whip antenna for the SHF band is between 2.5 and 0.25 centimeters long. Omnidirectional antennas have been developed for applications like wireless devices and cellphones that are small enough to be enclosed inside the device's case. The main antenna used for these devices is the printed inverted F antenna (PIFA) consisting of a monopole antenna bent in an L shape, fabricated of copper foil on
48-415: A few degrees or less, and often must be aimed with the aid of a boresight . Another type of antenna practical at microwave frequencies is the phased array , consisting of many dipoles or patch antennas on a flat surface, each fed through a phase shifter , which allows the array's beam to be steered electronically. The short wavelength requires great mechanical rigidity in large antennas, to ensure that
64-473: A radio frequency band from 12 to 18 GHz Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title K band . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K_band&oldid=744677604 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
80-649: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages K band (IEEE) The IEEE K-band is a portion of the radio spectrum in the microwave range of frequencies from 18 to 27 gigahertz (GHz). The range of frequencies in the center of the K-band between 18 and 26.5 GHz are absorbed by water vapor in the atmosphere due to its resonance peak at 22.24 GHz, 1.35 cm (0.53 in). Therefore these frequencies experience high atmospheric attenuation and cannot be used for long-distance applications. For this reason,
96-593: The printed circuit board inside the device. Small sleeve dipoles or quarter-wave monopoles are also used. The patch antenna is another common type, often integrated into the skin of aircraft. The wavelengths are also small enough that SHF waves can be focused into narrow beams by high gain directional antennas from a half meter to five meters in diameter. Directive antennas at SHF frequencies are mostly aperture antennas , such as parabolic antennas (the most common type), lens , slot and horn antennas . Large parabolic antennas can produce very narrow beams of
112-422: The tropopause some of the microwaves are scattered back to Earth to a receiver beyond the horizon. Distances of 300 km can be achieved. These are mainly used for military communication. The wavelength of SHF waves is short enough that efficient transmitting antennas are small enough to be conveniently mounted on handheld devices, so these frequencies are widely used for wireless applications. For example
128-538: The SHF range are often referred to by their IEEE radar band designations: S , C , X , K u , K , or K a band , or by similar NATO or EU designations. Microwaves propagate solely by line of sight ; because of the small refraction due to their short wavelength, the groundwave and ionospheric reflection ( skywave or "skip" propagation) seen with lower frequency radio waves do not occur. Although in some cases they can penetrate building walls enough for useful reception, unobstructed rights of way cleared to
144-411: The atmosphere increase with frequency, limiting the use of high SHF frequencies for long range applications. Small amounts of microwave energy are randomly scattered by water vapor molecules in the troposphere . This is used in troposcatter communications systems, operating at a few GHz, to communicate beyond the horizon. A powerful microwave beam is aimed just above the horizon; as it passes through
160-534: The first Fresnel zone are usually required. Wavelengths are small enough at microwave frequencies that the antenna can be much larger than a wavelength, allowing highly directional (high gain ) antennas to be built which can produce narrow beams. Therefore, they are used in point-to-point terrestrial communications links, limited by the visual horizon to 30–40 miles (48–64 km). Such high gain antennas allow frequency reuse by nearby transmitters. They are also used for communication with spacecraft since
176-799: The frequency range 24.000 GHz to 24.250 GHz, which is known as the 1.2-centimeter band . It is also referred to as the K-band by AMSAT . ELF 3 Hz/100 Mm 30 Hz/10 Mm SLF 30 Hz/10 Mm 300 Hz/1 Mm ULF 300 Hz/1 Mm 3 kHz/100 km VLF 3 kHz/100 km 30 kHz/10 km LF 30 kHz/10 km 300 kHz/1 km MF 300 kHz/1 km 3 MHz/100 m HF 3 MHz/100 m 30 MHz/10 m VHF 30 MHz/10 m 300 MHz/1 m UHF 300 MHz/1 m 3 GHz/100 mm SHF 3 GHz/100 mm 30 GHz/10 mm EHF 30 GHz/10 mm 300 GHz/1 mm THF 300 GHz/1 mm 3 THz/0.1 mm Super high frequency Frequencies in
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#1732776454845192-647: The original K-band has been split into three bands: Ka-band , K-band, and Ku-band as detailed below. The K stands for Kurz , the German word for 'short'. Because of the water vapor absorption peak in the center of the band, the IEEE K-band is conventionally divided into three sub-bands: The Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) allow amateur radio and amateur satellite operations in
208-563: The other hand, they are the highest frequencies which can be used for long distance terrestrial communication; higher frequencies in the EHF (millimeter wave) band are highly absorbed by the atmosphere, limiting practical propagation distances to one kilometer or less. The high frequency gives microwave communication links a very large information-carrying capacity ( bandwidth ). In recent decades many new solid state sources of microwave energy have been developed, and microwave integrated circuits for
224-495: The output stage of the transmitter or the RF front end of the receiver is located at the antenna. SHF frequencies occupy a "sweet spot" in the radio spectrum which is currently being exploited by many new radio services. They are the lowest frequency band where radio waves can be directed in narrow beams by conveniently sized antennas so they do not interfere with nearby transmitters on the same frequency, allowing frequency reuse. On
240-487: The radio waves arrive at the feed point in phase. At microwave frequencies, the types of cable ( transmission line ) used to conduct lower frequency radio waves, such as coaxial cable , have high power losses. Therefore, to transport microwaves between the transmitter or receiver and the antenna with low losses, a special type of metal pipe called waveguide must be used. Because of the high cost and maintenance requirements of long waveguide runs, in many microwave antennas
256-471: The waves are not refracted (bent) when passing through the ionosphere like lower frequencies. The wavelength of SHF waves creates strong reflections from metal objects the size of automobiles, aircraft, and ships, and other vehicles. This and the narrow beamwidths possible with high gain antennas and the low atmospheric attenuation as compared with higher frequencies make SHF the main frequencies used in radar . Attenuation and scattering by moisture in
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