24-450: OCI may refer to: Businesses and organizations [ edit ] OCI (company) , green energy and chemical company, South Korea Oakwood Collegiate Institute , Toronto, Canada Office of Criminal Investigations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Olympic Council of Ireland , former name the national olympic committee of Ireland Ontario Cancer Institute , Canada Order of
48-469: A generic medication and over the counter . Coal tar is used in medicated shampoo , soap and ointment . It demonstrates antifungal , anti-inflammatory , anti-itch , and antiparasitic properties. It may be applied topically as a treatment for dandruff and psoriasis , and to kill and repel head lice . It may be used in combination with ultraviolet light therapy . Coal tar may be used in two forms: crude coal tar ( Latin : pix carbonis ) or
72-462: A Linux standards project in computing Oracle Call Interface , database interface software Other uses [ edit ] oci, ISO 639-2/3 language code for Occitan language Organizational conflict of interest Other comprehensive income Overseas Citizen of India , a scheme granting a status similar to, but not the same as, dual citizenship in India Topics referred to by
96-489: A South Korean company is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Coal tar pitch Coal tar is a thick dark liquid which is a by-product of the production of coke and coal gas from coal . It is a type of creosote . It has both medical and industrial uses. Medicinally it is a topical medication applied to skin to treat psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff). It may be used in combination with ultraviolet light therapy . Industrially it
120-521: A coal tar solution ( Latin : liquor picis carbonis, LPC ) also known as liquor carbonis detergens (LCD). Named brands include Denorex, Balnetar, Psoriasin, Tegrin, T/Gel, and Neutar. When used in the extemporaneous preparation of topical medications, it is supplied in the form of coal tar topical solution USP , which consists of a 20% w/v solution of coal tar in alcohol , with an additional 5% w/v of polysorbate 80 USP; this must then be diluted in an ointment base, such as petrolatum . Coal tar
144-622: A complex mixture of three or more membered condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons , was listed on 13 January 2010 as a substance of very high concern by the European Chemicals Agency . Exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles can occur in the workplace by breathing, skin contact, or eye contact. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit ) to 0.2 mg/m benzene -soluble fraction over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set
168-433: Is a railroad tie preservative and used in the surfacing of roads. Coal tar was listed as a known human carcinogen in the first Report on Carcinogens from the U.S. Federal Government, issued in 1980. Coal tar was discovered circa 1665 and used for medical purposes as early as the 1800s. Circa 1850, the discovery that it could be used as the main raw material for the synthesis of dyes engendered an entire industry. It
192-673: Is a mixture of approximately 10,000 chemicals, of which only about 50% have been identified. Most of the chemical compounds are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon : Others: benzene , toluene , xylenes , cumenes , coumarone , indene , benzofuran , naphthalene and methyl-naphthalenes , acenaphthene , fluorene , phenol , cresols , pyridine , picolines , phenanthracene, carbazole , quinolines , fluoranthene . Many of these constituents are known carcinogens. Various phenolic coal tar derivatives have analgesic (pain-killer) properties. These included acetanilide , phenacetin , and paracetamol aka acetaminophen . Paracetamol may be
216-434: Is believed that their metabolites bind to DNA, damaging it. The PAHs found in coal tar and air pollution induce immunosenescence and cytotoxicity in epidermal cells. It's possible that the skin can repair itself from this damage after short-term exposure to PAHs but not after long-term exposure. Long-term skin exposure to these compounds can produce " tar warts ", which can progress to squamous cell carcinoma . Coal tar
240-704: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages OCI (company) OCI Company Ltd. ( OCI ; Korean : 오씨아이 주식회사 ) is a chemical company founded in 1959, with its head office in Seoul , South Korea . The company's name is an initialism of its former corporate name, Oriental Chemical Industries ( Korean : 동양화학공업 ; Hanja : 東洋化學工業 ; RR : Dongyang Hwahak Gongeop ). The main products of OCI include polycrystalline silicon , hydrogen peroxide , fumed silica , coal tar pitch , BTX , and other chemical related materials. OCI
264-563: Is incorporated into some parking-lot sealcoat products used to protect the structural integrity of the underlying pavement. Sealcoat products that are coal-tar based typically contain 20 to 35 percent coal-tar pitch. Research shows it is used throughout the United States of America , however several areas have banned its use in sealcoat products, including the District of Columbia; the city of Austin, Texas; Dane County, Wisconsin;
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#1732779773308288-477: Is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines . Coal tar is available as a generic medication and over the counter . Side effects include skin irritation, sun sensitivity, allergic reactions , and skin discoloration. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the baby and use during breastfeeding is not typically recommended. The exact mechanism of action
312-584: Is safe for the baby and use during breastfeeding is not typically recommended. According to the National Psoriasis Foundation , coal tar is a valuable, safe and inexpensive treatment option for millions of people with psoriasis and other scalp or skin conditions. According to the FDA , coal tar concentrations between 0.5% and 5% are considered safe and effective for psoriasis. Long-term, consistent exposure to coal tar likely increases
336-424: Is unknown. Coal tar is a complex mixture of phenols , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heterocyclic compounds . It is a keratolytic agent, which reduces the growth rate of skin cells and softens the skin's keratin . Coal tar is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines , the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system . Coal tar is generally available as
360-420: Is unknown. It is a complex mixture of phenols , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heterocyclic compounds . It demonstrates antifungal , anti-inflammatory , anti-itch , and antiparasitic properties. Coal tar is produced through thermal destruction ( pyrolysis ) of coal . Its composition varies with the process and type of coal used – lignite , bituminous or anthracite . Coal tar
384-583: The Crown of Italy , Italian order Open Constitution Initiative , advocacy group in China OCI NV, parent company of Orascom Construction Ottawa Collegiate Institute, now Lisgar Collegiate Institute , Canada Organisation Communiste Internationaliste, ( Internationalist Communist Organisation ), former French political party Computing [ edit ] Open Catalog Interface , an interface standard in computing Open Container Initiative ,
408-428: The carcinogenicity of PAHs some municipalities, such as the city of Milwaukee, have banned the use of common coal tar-based road and driveway sealants citing concerns of elevated PAH content in groundwater. Coal tar causes increased sensitivity to sunlight , so skin treated with topical coal tar preparations should be protected from sunlight. The residue from the distillation of high-temperature coal tar, primarily
432-410: The only coal-tar derived analgesic still in use today. Industrial phenol is now usually synthesized from crude oil rather than coal tar. Coal tar derivatives are contra-indicated for people with the inherited red cell blood disorder glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD deficiency), as they can cause oxidative stress leading to red blood cell breakdown. The exact mechanism of action
456-594: The risk of non-melanoma skin cancers . Evidence is inconclusive whether medical coal tar, which does not remain on the skin for the long periods seen in occupational exposure , causes cancer, because there is insufficient data to make a judgment. While coal tar consistently causes cancer in cohorts of workers with chronic occupational exposure, animal models, and mechanistic studies, the data on short-term use as medicine in humans has so far failed to show any consistently significant increase in rates of cancer. Coal tar contains many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , and it
480-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title OCI . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OCI&oldid=1154140195 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
504-474: The state of Washington; and several municipalities in Minnesota and others. In modern times, coal tar is mostly traded as fuel and an application for tar, such as roofing. The total value of the trade in coal tar is around US$ 20 billion each year. Side effects of coal tar products include skin irritation, sun sensitivity, allergic reactions , and skin discoloration. It is unclear if use during pregnancy
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#1732779773308528-433: Was a component of the first sealed roads. In its original development by Edgar Purnell Hooley , tarmac was tar covered with granite chips. Later the filler used was industrial slag . Today, petroleum derived binders and sealers are more commonly used. These sealers are used to extend the life and reduce maintenance cost associated with asphalt pavements, primarily in asphalt road paving, car parks and walkways. Coal tar
552-472: Was founded by Lee Hoi-rim as Oriental Chemical Industries in 1959. OCI was the first company to establish a soda ash factory and boosted the alkali industry in South Korea . In 2001, Oriental Chemical Industries merged with Korea Steel Chemical and changed its name to DC Chemical. However, after eight years, DC Chemical was reverted to OCI with the acronym of its original name. This article about
576-592: Was one of the first chemical substances proven to cause cancer from occupational exposure, during research in 1775 on the cause of chimney sweeps' carcinoma . Modern studies have shown that working with coal tar pitch, such as during the paving of roads or when working on roofs, increases the risk of cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer lists coal tars as Group 1 carcinogens , meaning they directly cause cancer. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services lists coal tars as known human carcinogens. In response to public health concerns regarding
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