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48-448: The difference between oars and paddles is that oars are used exclusively for rowing . In rowing the oar is connected to the vessel by means of a pivot point for the oar, either an oarlock , or a thole. The oar is placed in the pivot point with a short portion inside the vessel, and a much larger portion outside. The rower pulls on the short end of the oar, while the long end is in the water. By contrast, paddles are held in both hands by

96-462: A wooden , fibreglass , carbon fibre , or metal rod (the shaft ) with a handle on one end and a rigid sheet (the blade ) on the other end. Paddles for use in kayaks are longer, with a blade on each end; they are handled from the middle of the shaft. Kayak paddles having blades in the same plane (when viewed down the shaft) are called "un-feathered." Paddles with blades in different planes are called "feathered". Feathered paddles are measured by

144-421: A boat using an outboard or other motor and must be inspected. Stainless steel should never be used for fittings permanently in the water. Owners should check that the correct grade of stainless steel is used in a fitting. Working boats may use lower-cost galvanized steel , but the hardware may need to be re-galvanized or replaced eventually. The dinghy is generally carried inverted amidships on yachts, on top of

192-458: A completely handheld tool used to propel a human-powered watercraft by pushing water in a direction opposite to the direction of travel (i.e. paddling ). A paddle is different from an oar (which can be similar in shape and perform the same function via rowing ) – an oar is attached to the watercraft via a fulcrum. The term "paddle" can also be used to describe objects of similar shapes or functions: Paddles commonly used in canoes consist of

240-426: A dinghy will have an oar on each side. A single sculling oarlock or notch on the transom is less common, but requires less space; and is used with a single sculling oar moving back and forth, never leaving the water, as used on a sampan . Many modern dinghies are made of synthetic materials. These require minimal care and do not rot but can suffer from fibre glass pox which is caused by the ingress of saltwater through

288-410: A dinghy. If a dinghy is towed, an extra line with a loop in the end (known as a lazy painter) can be attached to a dinghy so that if the towing line breaks, there is a line to grab with a boat hook. This makes retrieval easier at sea, especially if the boat is partially swamped. In some countries dinghies have names or registration numbers. On hard dinghies these are usually on the bow, on inflatables on

336-400: A hard V-bottom hull and a fifteen-horsepower (11 kW) outboard can reach speeds of 25 mph (40 km/h; 22 kn). The gas tank is usually placed under the rear thwart. Engines always swing up so the dinghy can be grounded without damage. Since the transom may need to be cut down for the engine to fit properly, an engine well should be used to prevent low waves from splashing over

384-418: A larger dinghy. Space can be saved by storing items in containers or bags that are tied to the dinghy. Dinghies are sometimes used as lifeboats. Recently, self-rescue dinghies have returned to use as proactive lifeboats that can be sailed to safety. Rigid dinghies for small yachts are very small, about 2 m (6 ft 6 + 3 ⁄ 4  in), usually with a pram (blunt) bow to get more beam (width) in

432-456: A longer paddle being better suited for stronger people, taller people, and people using the paddle in a wider kayak. Some paddle makers have an online paddle size calculator. Blades vary in size and shape. A blade with a larger surface area may be desirable for a strong person with good shoulder joints, but tiring for a weaker person or a person with less than perfect shoulder joints. Because normal paddling involves alternately dipping and raising

480-460: A range of uses. Some are intended as a tender for a larger vessel. Others are small utility boats, used where a larger boat is not needed. Many are designed primarily for sailing. These fall into two groups: those intended for racing and those for non-competitive leisure use. A rigid-hulled dinghy can be made of wood (using either traditional or modern techniques), fibreglass or, more recently, moulded polypropylene. Inflatable dinghies solve some of

528-439: A sectional two-piece rigid dinghy that is towed while in harbour and disassembled into two nesting pieces while off-shore; typically the bow section fits inside the stern and is stored upside down on deck. There are several types of collapsible rigid dinghy that dismantle into a series of flat panels for easy stowage. Inflatable tubes can be fitted to an existing hard dinghy, increasing buoyancy and stability. A dinghy should have

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576-466: A shorter length. Larger dinghies are towed and should have reserve buoyancy, an automatic bailer, and a cover to prevent them from being lost at sea. Most masters prefer a tow cable long enough to put the dinghy on the back side of the swell to prevent the dinghy from ramming the transom of the yacht. Inflatables are inconvenient to tow and take extra time to inflate but are very compact and fit easily into place while at sea. Space can also be saved by using

624-403: A smaller force over a greater distance. From an observer on the shore, the oar is instead a Class II lever. Here, the fulcrum is the blade , planted in the water. The rower pulls on the handle and the boat moves along with them. The "Class II" perspective is important to competitive rowing. Effective rowers learn to lever the boat past the end of the blade, rather than pulling the blade through

672-419: A spoon and acts like a wing or sail, generating lift on the convex side, which pulls the paddle forward-outward at the expense of overcoming drag. This gives additional forward thrust as compared with a flat paddle with forward thrust mainly from drag. Bent shaft paddles, popular with tripping and marathon canoers, have a blade that is angled from the shaft, usually 12 to 15 degrees. Dinghy A dinghy

720-416: A strong ring on the bow. The ring secures the painter (the line that anchors the boat to a dock), and is used for towing and anchoring. Ideally, the dinghy should also have two other rings (one on each side of the stern transom) which, with the bow ring, are used for lifting and securing the dinghy for stowage. The only other essential pieces of hardware are rowlocks (also known as oarlocks). Conventionally,

768-426: A sun low in the sky to see a kayaker, the motion of brightly coloured paddle blades may be of more value than lighting on the kayak. Highly reflective water resistant tape (e.g. SOLAS tape) may be affixed to the paddle blades and boat to enhance visibility. The paddle is held with two hands, some distance apart from each other. For normal use, it is drawn through the water from front ( bow ) to back ( stern ) to drive

816-437: A variety of sizes. The oars used in small dinghies or rafts can be less than 2 metres long. In classical times warships were propelled by very long oars that might have several oarsmen per oar. These oars could be more than a dozen metres long. According to Callixenus , as cited by Athenaeus , in the great ship of Ptolemy the oars of the upper tier were over 50 feet (15 m) in length with handles leaded so as to equalize

864-537: A wave. Both rudders and lee boards have swiveling tips so the dinghy can be landed. Rudders are often arranged so the tiller folds against the rudder to make a compact package. Racing dinghies usually have a daggerboard or centreboard to better sail upwind. The trunk is in the middle of what would otherwise be cargo area. A self-rescue dinghy intended to be used as a proactive lifeboat has leeboards on either side, to allow for maximum open cockpit area. Solar propulsion uses hybrid flexible solar panels integrated into

912-466: Is a type of small boat , often carried or towed by a larger vessel for use as a tender . Utility dinghies are usually rowboats or have an outboard motor . Some are rigged for sailing but they differ from sailing dinghies , which are designed first and foremost for sailing. A dinghy's main use is for transfers from larger boats, especially when the larger boat cannot dock at a suitably-sized port or marina . The term "dinghy towing" sometimes

960-431: Is limited. Some newer dinghies have much greater buoyancy, giving them more carrying capacity than older boats of the same size. On yachts shorter than 10 m (32 ft 10 in), there is usually not enough room for a reasonably sized dinghy. A dinghy is useful to avoid the need for expensive dock or slip space, so owners of small yachts compromise by carrying a small rigid dinghy or deflated inflatable, or by towing

1008-466: Is not uncommon for a kayak paddle to be two pounds (32 ounces (910 grams) ) or less and very expensive paddles can be as light as 22 ounces (620 grams). Weight savings are more desirable at the ends of the paddle rather than in the middle. Cheaper kayak paddles have an aluminium shaft while more expensive ones use a lighter fibreglass or carbon fibre shaft. Some paddles have a smaller diameter shaft for people with smaller hands. Paddle length varies with

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1056-484: Is similar to that of an oar. The hawksbill turtle 's genus of Eretmochelys is derived from the Greek root eretmo , which roughly translates to oar . The turtle was so-named because of the oar-like shape of its front flippers . Paddle A paddle is a handheld tool with an elongated handle and a flat, widened end (the blade ) used as a lever to apply force onto the bladed end. It most commonly describes

1104-490: Is used to refer to the practice of towing a car or other smaller vehicle behind a motorhome , by analogy to towing a dinghy behind a yacht . The term is a loanword from the Bengali ḍiṅgi , Urdu ḍīngī , and Hindi ḍieṁgī . The term "dinghy" has some variability in its definition, but is generally a small open boat which may be powered by oars, sail or an outboard motor. Some individual examples have

1152-498: The carvel or clinker methods. Favoured woods, in order of rot-resistance, are white oak, black locust , species of cedar and pine , true as well as African and Asian mahoganies , fir and spruce . Rot resistance depends on paint as well as protection from rainwater. Plastic hardware is sometimes used, but bronze and stainless steel are good corrosion -resistant materials for hardware, although stainless steel can be subject to crevice corrosion after many years especially in

1200-444: The blade's width and thickness and at the neck between the blade and the shaft to further reduce outboard weight. As the rower is expending less energy accelerating the (now-reduced) mass of the oar back-and-forth, and will experience less fatigue constantly exerting downward force on the handle (vs. an unbalanced version) -- this type of oar is more efficient and thus preferable for long-range rowing. The oars used for transport come in

1248-419: The boat forwards. The two blades of a kayak paddle are dipped alternately on either side of the kayak. A paddle is distinguished from an oar in that the paddle is held in the user's hands and completely supported by the paddler, whereas an oar is primarily supported by the boat, through the use of oarlocks . Gloves may be worn to prevent blistering for long periods of paddling. On mechanical paddle steamers ,

1296-400: The coachroof where there is the most space. It is useful for a dinghy carried this way to have handholds built into the bottom, making launching easier and providing handholds on deck. Most yachts launch their dinghies by hand or with a simple lifting tackle rigged from the main mast. Davits over the transom is convenient and elegant, but sailing in a heavy following sea could cause the loss of

1344-434: The degree of feather, such as 30, 45, or even 90 degrees. Many modern paddles are made of two pieces which can be snapped together in either feathered or unfeathered settings. The shaft is normally straight but in some cases a 'crank' is added with the aim of making the paddle more comfortable and reducing strain on the wrist. Because the kayak paddle is not supported by the boat, paddles made of lighter materials are desired; it

1392-423: The ends of each rigger. Classic oars were made of wood , but modern oars are made from synthetic material, the most common being carbon fibre . The sport of competitive rowing has developed a tradition of using an oar as a memento of significant race wins. A 'trophy oar' is not presented at the end of the race as a more familiar precious metal cup might be, but rather given by the club, school or university that

1440-513: The gel coat. Inflatable dinghies can be made of fabrics coated with Hypalon , neoprene or PVC . Rigid dinghies can be made of glass-fibre reinforced plastic (GRP) but injection-moulded one-piece hulls are also available. Other materials for modern rigid dinghies include aluminium , marine plywood which tends to be much lighter than most types and, with the advent of sturdy, UV resistant polyurethane varnishes, wood. Some wooden dinghies (especially of classic or historical form) are built using

1488-408: The hands. Oars are levers . Which class of lever depends on the frame of reference . From the rower's perspective, the oar can be seen as a Class I lever. The oar is fixed in the oarlock, the rower pulls on the handle, and the blade moves in the opposite direction to propel the boat. The blade is further from the oarlock than the rower's hands. So, the heavy force of a short rowing motion becomes

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1536-580: The inside of the transom. Small dinghies under 3.66 m (12 ft) are usually powered by rowing with one set of oars . Beyond 4.88 m (16 ft) it is feasible to have two or even three rowers, normally using a pair of oars. In some models, sliding thwarts allow far more powerful rowing while in others, a removable thwart can permit standing rowing. Some self-rescue dinghy/yacht tender dinghies have two sets of oarlocks (rowlocks) and an adjustable middle seat to allow for ergonomically efficient rowing positions. A single sculling oar with an oarlock on

1584-404: The mast), and usable with or without a boom. Traditional working dinghies have a lee board that can be hooked over the side. This does not split the cargo space. A sailing rudder is usually tied or clipped to a simple pair of pintles (hinge pins) on the transom with the bottom pintle being longer so that the rudder can be mounted one pintle at a time. The rope keeps the rudder from floating off in

1632-506: The mechanical work of rowers, or by paddlers. It is common for an oar propelled vessel to also have the option to be powered by sail, both in antiquity (for instance the galley ) and more recently. Rowing oars have been used since the early Neolithic period . Wooden oars, with canoe-shaped pottery, dating from 5000–4500 BC have been discovered in a Hemudu culture site at Yuyao , Zhejiang , in modern China. In 1999, an oar measuring 63.4 cm (2 ft) in length, dating from 4000 BC,

1680-409: The motorized paddling is not done with a mass of paddles or oars but by rotating one or a few paddle wheels (rather the inverse of a water mill ). Racing paddles also have special designs. They are generally less flat and are curved to catch more water, which enable racing paddlers to maximize the efficiency of their stroke. Wing bladed paddles are very popular in kayak racing. A wing paddle looks like

1728-401: The oar immediately next to the handle for a distance of about 450 millimetres (18 in) or to drill an 18-millimetre (0.71 in) hole inside the handle for a distance of about 150 millimetres (5.9 in) and add about 12 oz of lead secured by epoxy resin glue. For a 7-foot (2.1 m) oar the balance point is about 12 inches outboard of the rowlock. Often surplus wood is removed from

1776-421: The oarlock to the rower's hand(s). The further away from the oarlock the blade is, the more difficult it is to row and the more distance each stroke will move. This is a normal, usually wooden oar to which weight has been added at the inboard end so that the blade end is noticeably lighter and easier for a rower to operate without fatigue. The two methods of adding weight are to either have a much larger section in

1824-500: The option of being powered by all three of these methods, some by two, and some by just one means of propulsion. A dinghy does not have a cabin or a fixed keel. The upper size limit is often stated as 20 feet (6.1 m) length. Particularly small examples are 6 feet (1.8 m) long. Dinghies used as ship's boats , particularly in naval use, are often stated as having a size range of 12 to 14 feet (3.7 to 4.3 m) or 12 to 16 feet (3.7 to 4.9 m). Dinghies are designed for

1872-416: The paddle blades, the colour of the blades may affect the visibility of the kayaker to powerboats operators under limited visibility conditions. For this reason white or yellow blades may offer a safety advantage over black or blue blades. Of course, kayakers should wear a headlamp or have other lighting on their kayak under conditions of limited lighting. However, if a powerboat operator must look straight into

1920-415: The paddler, and are not attached to the vessel. Rowers generally face the stern of the vessel, reach towards the stern, and insert the blade of their oar in the water. As they lean back, towards the vessel's bow , the blade of their oars pivots in the oarlock, and the end in the water moves towards the stern, providing forward thrust . For thousands of years vessels were powered either by sails , or by

1968-426: The rear transom can be a compact emergency oar. Inflatable dinghies without a rigid bottom are difficult to row more than a short distance, and are usually powered with an outboard motor , or, if necessary, paddled. Another option is an outboard motor. Two horsepower per meter can reach hull speed. Ten horsepower per metre (7.5 kW/m) will put a flat-bottomed dinghy on plane . A 3.05-metre (10 ft) dinghy with

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2016-534: The storage problems for tenders for yachts, though a fast inflatable boat powered by a powerful outboard motor would not be considered a dinghy. The inflatable life rafts which equipped British military aircraft during World War 2 (and for a period before and after) were called dinghies. Dinghies usually range in length from about 1.8 to 6.1 m (6 to 20 ft). Larger auxiliary vessels are generally called tenders , pinnaces or lifeboats . Folding and take-down multi-piece (nesting) dinghies are used where space

2064-406: The transom and flooding the boat. A typical sail choice for a dinghy is gunter rig with a shorter mast that fits within the hull when unstepped. Sprit rigs have no boom, and the advantage that the sail can be brailed up out of the way against the mast when rowing or motoring. Lug rigs are another common single sail type used in small dinghies, both standing and balanced (with some area forward of

2112-488: The trophy oar and many examples are on display in club houses around the world. In Norway , both Fedje Municipality and Herøy Municipality both have oars in their coat of arms . Oars have been used to describe various animals with characteristics that closely resemble the said rowing implement. The members of the Family Regalecidae , elongated deep-sea fishes, are called oarfish because their body shape

2160-452: The water. The World Rowing Federation rulebook defines oars as Class II. Both the Class I and Class II perspectives can be used to calculate the forces on the rower, boat, and water, with equivalent results. The calculations are simpler for the Class I perspective. The mechanical advantage of the oar depends on the length of the oar from the oarlock to the blade, compared to the length from

2208-401: The weight inboard and outboard. The oars used in competitive rowing are long (250–300 cm) poles with one flat end about 50 cm long and 25 cm wide, called the blade. The part of the oar the oarsman holds while rowing is called the handle . While rowing, the oars are supported by metal frames attached to the side of the boat called riggers, while the oar fits into the oarlocks at

2256-501: The winning crew or rower represented. A trophy oar is a competition oar that has been painted in the club colours and has then had the details of the race signwritten on the face of the blade. The most common format has the coat of arms or crest of the club or school positioned in the centre, with the crew names and the race details arranged around this. Many older universities ( Oxford and Cambridge for example, as well as Yale and Harvard) and their colleges have long histories of using

2304-486: Was unearthed in Ishikawa Prefecture , Japan. Oars have traditionally been made of wood. The form is a long shaft (or loom) with a flat blade on the end. Where the oar connects to the boat there is a "collar" (or button), often made of leather, which stops the oar slipping past the rowlock. Oars usually have a handle about 150mm long, which may be a material sleeve or alternatively an ovoid shape carved to fit

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