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66-773: The Oberalpstock is the highest summit of the Glarus Alps west of the Tödi , and also the highest mountain in the canton of Uri east of the Reuss . This article about a mountain, mountain range, or peak located in Graubünden is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a mountain, mountain range, or peak located in the canton of Uri is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Reuss (river) The Reuss ( German pronunciation: [ʁɔɪ̯s] ; Swiss German : Rüüss )

132-458: A Fachhochschule ). As of 2000 there are 30,586 households, of which 15,452 households (or about 50.5%) contain only a single individual. 853 or about 2.8% are large households, with at least five members. As of 2000 there were 5,707 inhabited buildings in the municipality, of which 4,050 were built only as housing, and 1,657 were mixed use buildings. There were 1,152 single family homes, 348 double family homes, and 2,550 multi-family homes in

198-421: A dozen crossings of the lower Reuss, including a number of railway and motorway bridges. Projects for canalisation in 1648 ( Hans Conrad Gyger ) and 1809 ( Johann Gottfried Tulla ) were not realised. In 1840, Aargau constructed some canalisation, with limited impact. A large-scale project of river engineering was completed during 1971–1985 ( Reusstalsanierung ). The hydroelectric plant at Bremgarten-Zufikon

264-622: A fire on 18 August 1993, allegedly caused by a discarded cigarette. Partway across, the bridge runs by the octagonal Water Tower ( Wasserturm ), a fortification from the 13th century. Inside the bridge are a series of paintings from the 17th century depicting events from Lucerne's history. Downriver, between the Kasernenplatz and the Mühlenplatz, the Spreuer Bridge ( Spreuerbrücke or Mühlenbrücke , Mill Bridge) zigzags across

330-578: A peasant army and quickly signed a peace treaty with the rebels in the Swiss peasant war of 1653 . In 1798, nine years after the beginning of the French Revolution , the French army marched into Switzerland. The Old Swiss Confederacy collapsed and the government became democratic. The Industrial Revolution hit Lucerne rather late, and by 1860 only 1.7% of the population worked in industry, which

396-478: A population of approximately 82,000 people, Lucerne is the most populous city in Central Switzerland , and a nexus of economics, transportation, culture, and media in the region. The city's urban area consists of 19 municipalities and towns with an overall population of about 220,000 people. Owing to its location on the shores of Lake Lucerne ( German : Vierwaldstättersee ) and its outflow,

462-626: A strong member of the Swiss confederacy. The city developed its infrastructure, raised taxes, and appointed its own local officials. The city's population of 3000 dropped about 40% due to the Black Plague and several wars around 1350. In 1419 town records show the first witch trial against a male person. Among the growing towns of the confederacy, Lucerne was especially popular in attracting new residents. Remaining predominantly Catholic, Lucerne hosted its own annual passion play from 1453 to 1616,

528-500: A system of Majorz . The mayor is elected as such as well by public election while the heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate. As of September 2020 , Luzern's City Council is made up of one representative of the SP ( Social Democratic Party , who is also the mayor), and one each of CVP ( Christian Democratic Party ), GPS ( Green Party ), FDP ( FDP.The Liberals ), and glp ( Green Liberal Party ). The last regular election

594-801: A two-day-long play of 12 hours performance per day. As the confederacy broke up during the Reformation , after 1520, most nearby cities became Protestant, but Lucerne remained Catholic. After the victory of the Catholics over the Protestants in the Battle at Kappel in 1531, the Catholic towns dominated the confederacy. It was during this period that Jesuits first came to Lucerne in 1567, with their arrival given considerable backing by Cardinal Carlo Borromeo , Archbishop of Milan . The region, though,

660-792: Is twinned with the following towns: Lucerne has a population (as of 31 December 2021) of 82,771 As of 2021, 20,508 or 24.78% of the population was made up of foreign nationals, of which 18.22% are from Europe , 3.63% from Asia , 1.85% from Africa and 0.97% from America . Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 1.2%. Most of the population (as of 2020) speak German (83.26%), with English with 7.45%, as well as Italian (5.06%) and Serbo-Croatian (3.80%) being respectively second, third and fourth most common first languages reported. Following, there are Portuguese (2.81%), Spanish (2.53%), Albanian (2.25%) and French (2.11%) language speakers. The age distribution in Lucerne

726-526: Is (as of 2013 ); 12,916 people or 15.7% of the population is 0–19 years old. 26,381 people or 33.8% are 20–39 years old, and 25,863 people or 32.1% are 40–64 years old. The senior population distribution is 10,530 people or 13.1% are 65–79 years old, 4,208 or 5.2% are 80–89 years old and 900 people or 1.1% of the population are 90+ years old. In Lucerne about 73.6% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or

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792-649: Is a river in Switzerland . With a length of 164 kilometres (102 mi) and a drainage basin of 3,426 square kilometres (1,323 sq mi), it is the fourth largest river in Switzerland (after the Rhine , Aare and Rhône ). The upper Reuss forms the main valley of the canton of Uri . The course of the lower Reuss runs from Lake Lucerne to the confluence with the Aare at Brugg and Windisch . The Reuss

858-549: Is one of the four major rivers taking their source in the Gotthard region, along with the Rhine , Ticino and Rhône . The Gotthardreuss rises in the Gotthard massif, emerging from Lago di Lucendro (reservoir built in 1947; elevation 2,131 m) in the canton of Ticino and passing into the canton of Uri below the Brigghubel (1,898 m). The Furkareuss rises east of Furka Pass (2,429 m), early joined by

924-537: Is presided by Stadtpräsident Beat Züsli . Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the Grand City Council are carried by the City Council. The regular election of the City Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. Any resident of Lucerne allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. The delegates are selected by means of

990-485: Is uncertain, it is possibly derived from the Latin name of the pike , lucius , thus designating a pike fishing spot in the river Reuss. Derivation from the theonym Lugus has been suggested but is phonetically implausible. In any case, the name was associated by popular etymology with Latin lucerna 'lantern' from an early time. In 1178 Lucerne acquired its independence from the jurisdiction of Murbach Abbey, and

1056-465: The Blaubergbach (sourced by two mountain lakes on 2,649 m) and several other creeks sourced by still existing glaciers, such as Sidelengletscher (3,170 m), Tiefengletscher (3,285 m) in the north, and Muttengletscher (2,908 m) and Witenwassergletscher (2,805 m) in the south, and eventually forms the east–west valley called Urseren , passing Realp at halfway through

1122-466: The Kleine Emme from Entlebuch at Emmen (432 m). From here, it flows north-east through Buchrain , Root , Gisikon and Honau , and downstream of Honau (402 m) leaves the canton of Lucerne , now forming the border between Aargau and Zug , passing Dietwil (Aargau), Risch-Rotkreuz (Zug), Oberrüti (Aargau) and Sins (Aargau), Hünenberg (Zug) and Mühlau (Aargau). It receives

1188-663: The Lorze from Lake Zug downstream of Maschwanden . Downstream of this confluence, the Reuss forms the border between Aargau and Zürich , passing Merenschwand (Aargau, 389 m) and Ottenbach (Zurich, 384 m), and enters Aargau downstream of Ottenbach. Within Aargau, the Reuss flows past Aristau , Jonen , Rottenschwil , Unterlunkhofen , Hermetschwil-Staffeln , here forming Flachsee (380 m), and onward to Zufikon , Bremgarten (370 m). The Reussbrücke at Bremgarten

1254-528: The drainage basin is the summit of Dammastock , at elevation 3,630 m. The basin of the lower Reuss adds the catchment areas of other tributaries of Lake Lucerne as well as that of the Kleine Emme , including most of Nidwalden and Obwalden , and parts of Schwyz , Lucerne and Zug . Downstream of Lucerne, further tributaries add other parts of Zug as well as parts of Zürich and Aargau . Reuss and its tributaries , with length and catchment area, from mouth to source (incomplete): Ptolemy records

1320-411: The executive government of the city of Lucerne and operates as a collegiate authority . It is composed of five councilors ( German : Stadtrat/-rätin ), each presiding over a directorate ( Direktion ) comprising several departments and bureaus. The president of the executive department acts as mayor ( Stadtpräsident ). In the mandate period ( Legislatur ) September 2020 – August 2024 the City Council

1386-588: The fall of the Roman Empire beginning in the 6th century, Germanic Alemannic peoples increased their influence on this area of present-day Switzerland. Around 750 the Benedictine Monastery of St. Leodegar was founded, which was later acquired by Murbach Abbey in Alsace in the middle of the 9th century, and by this time the area had become known as Luciaria . The origin of the name

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1452-708: The jg of Luzern , and 4 Green Liberal Party (GLP/PVL) . In the 2019 federal election for the Swiss National Council the most popular party was the PS which received 25.0% (-0.7) of the vote. The next five most popular parties were the Green Party (20.8%, +7.4), the SVP (15.0%, -4.6), the CVP (14.1%, 0), FDP (13.0%, -2.5), the glp (10.5%, +1.8). In the federal election a total of 25,836 votes were cast, and

1518-592: The voter turnout was 49.5%. In the 2015 election for the Swiss National Council the most popular party was the SP which received 25.8% of the vote. The next five most popular parties were the SVP (19.5%), the FDP (15.4%), the CVP (14.1%), the GPS (13.3%), and the GLP (8.9%). In the federal election, a total of 26,521 voters were cast, and the voter turnout was 49.48%. Lucerne

1584-458: The 18th century. River crossings by ferry in the medieval period were at Lunkhofen (mentioned 1160), Windisch, Sins, Mühlau, Oberrüti, and Dietwil. The crossing at Lunkhofen was on the main route from Zürich to Berne. Bridges across the Reuss were in Lucerne, Bremgarten (1230), Mellingen (mentioned 1253) and Gisikon (1432). In 1528, the Catholic cantons blocked the trade routes across the Reuss for Protestant cantons and trade between Zürich and Berne

1650-401: The 4th place with an only marginally 2% higher tax rate compared to the top canton in this comparison. One of the first export oriented branches was the production of scythes from the 14th century onwards. Lucerne imported iron and steel and the cities blacksmiths produced scythes which were exported to western Switzerland and northern Italy. The workshops of the blacksmiths were located in

1716-400: The City Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of proportional representation . The sessions of the Grand City Council are public. Unlike members of the City Council, members of the Grand City Council are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Luzern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of

1782-757: The Grand City Council. The parliament holds its meetings in the Rathaus (Town Hall) am Kornmarkt. The last regular election of the Grand City Council was held on 29 March 2020 for the mandate period ( German : Legislatur ) from September 2020 to August 2024. Currently the Grand City Council consist of 13 members of the Social Democratic Party (SP/PS) and one of its junior section, the JUSO , 9 The Liberals (FDP/PLR) , 7 Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC) , 7 Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) , 6 Green Party (GPS/PES) and one of its junior section,

1848-419: The Reuss. Constructed in 1408, it features a series of medieval-style 17th century plague paintings by Kaspar Meglinger ( de ) titled Dance of Death ( Totentanzzyklus ). The bridge has a small chapel in the middle that was added in 1568. Old Town Lucerne is mainly located just north of the Reuss, and still has several fine half-timber structures with painted fronts. Remnants of the old town walls exist on

1914-595: The Schweizerhof Hotel (1845), Grand Hotel National (1870), and Château Gütsch (1879). It was at the National that Swiss hotelier César Ritz would establish himself as manager between 1878 and 1888. In August 1993, the Kapellbrücke in the centre of the city suffered from a great fire which destroyed two thirds of its interior paintings. The bridge was subsequently reconstructed and reopened to

1980-431: The city and its environs in his travel writings after visiting twice, in 1878 and 1897. In 1892 Swiss poet and future Nobel laureate Carl Spitteler also established himself in Lucerne, living there until his death in 1924. Lucerne's status as a fashionable destination led to it becoming one of the first centres of modern-style tourism. Some of the city's most recognisable buildings are hotels from this period, such as

2046-560: The confluence the river continues as the Aare, which flows into the Rhine at Koblenz . The catchment area of 3,426 km (1,323 sq mi) approximately covers Central Switzerland . The catchment area of the upper Reuss includes almost the entire canton of Uri (with the exception of the Urner Boden , and in the uppermost part of the Gotthardreuss a portion of Ticino ( Airolo municipality). The highest point of

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2112-483: The creation of this canton in 1803. The Reuss had the status of "imperial road" ( freie Reichsstrasse ) in the late medieval period. Until 1798, it was the responsibility of cantonal authorities (the Reussherren of Lucerne and Zug) to keep the river navigable. The river was important as waterway for traffic between Lucerne and Zurzach , and via Aare and Rhine to Basel , until the construction of transit roads in

2178-607: The former glacial lakes. The Reuss valley was under Habsburg Austrian rule during the 14th century. In the 15th century, the Reuss became the border between territories of the Swiss Confederacy , in 1429 between Lucerne and Zürich, and later between Zug, Zürich and the Freie Ämter condominium, between Freie Ämter and Baden , and between Baden and Berne. The Reuss downstream of Ottenbach came to lie within Aargau with

2244-488: The founding of the city proper probably occurred that same year. The city gained importance as a strategically located gateway for the growing commerce from the Gotthard trade route. By 1290, Lucerne had become a self-sufficient city of reasonable size with about 3000 inhabitants. About this time King Rudolph I von Habsburg gained authority over the Monastery of St. Leodegar and its lands, including Lucerne. The populace

2310-551: The help of these additions, the rule of Austria over the area came to an end. The issue was settled by Lucerne's victory over the Habsburgs in the Battle of Sempach in 1386. For Lucerne this victory ignited an era of expansion. The city shortly granted many rights to itself, rights which had been withheld by the Habsburgs until then. By this time the borders of Lucerne were approximately those of today. In 1415 Lucerne gained Reichsfreiheit from Emperor Sigismund and became

2376-459: The hill above Lucerne, complete with eight tall watch towers. An additional gated tower sits at the base of the hill on the banks of the Reuss . The twin needle towers of the Church of St. Leodegar , which was named after the city's patron saint, sit on a small hill just above the lake front. Originally built in 735, the present structure was erected in 1633 in the late Renaissance style. However,

2442-459: The municipality is entirely surrounded by the lake and by land of the canton of Nidwalden . It does not contain any significant settlements, but the summit of the Bürgenstock is the highest point of the municipality. The municipality has an area of 29.1 square kilometers (11.2 sq mi). Of this area and as of 2009 , 28.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 22.3% is forested. Of

2508-450: The municipality. Most homes were either two (787) or three (1,468) story structures. There were only 74 single story buildings and 1,721 four or more story buildings. The historical population of Lucerne is given in the following table: The city grew up around Sankt Leodegar Abbey, founded in AD 840, and remained strongly Roman Catholic into the 21st century. By 1850, 96.9% of the population

2574-727: The north, and passes through the 3 km-long narrow and deep Schöllenen Gorge and under the legendary Devil's Bridge (1,120 m). At Göschenen (1,057 m) it is joined by the Göschenerreuss , sourced by the glaciers Dammagletscher (3,430 m) and Flachensteinfirn (3,150 m) besides several others. From here it forms the main valley of the canton of Uri, the Urner Reusstal , passing below Wassen (840 m), Gurtnellen (720 m), Amsteg and Silenen (500 m), and through Erstfeld (460 m), past Attinghausen and Altdorf (440 m), joining

2640-477: The outfall. The city's suburbs climb the hills to the north-east and south-west, and stretch out along the river and lake banks, whilst the recently added area of Littau is to the north-west. Besides this contiguous city area, the municipality also includes an exclave on the south shore of Lake Lucerne some 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) away, comprising the northern slopes of the Bürgenstock . This section of

2706-605: The outskirts of the city due to fire concerns. The workshops at the Krienbach creek included hammers moved by watermills. Since the city straddles the Reuss where it drains the lake, it has a number of bridges. These include the Chapel Bridge ( Kapellbrücke ), a 204 m (669 ft) long wooden covered bridge originally built in 1333, the oldest covered bridge in Europe , although much of it had to be replaced after

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2772-554: The population of the municipality were employed in some capacity. At the same time, women made up 47.9% of the workforce. Lucerne is home to a number of major Swiss companies, including AlpTransit Gotthard rail link , Schindler Group , Chronoswiss , Emmi , and the Luzerner Kantonalbank . Suva , one of Switzerland's oldest accident insurance companies, is also based in Lucerne, as is the University of Lucerne ,

2838-471: The pre-Germanic name Silana , it is possible that only part of the river was known as *Rūsi in antiquity; alternatively, *Rūsi has been interpreted as a purely Germanic name introduced with Germanic settlement in the early medieval period, a derivation from OHG rūsa, riusa " fish trap ". Until the 13th century, the Schöllenen Gorge was impassable, separating Urseren from Uri. Urseren

2904-490: The public in April 1994, after a total of CHF 3.4 million was spent on its repair. On June 17, 2007, voters of the city of Lucerne and the adjacent town of Littau agreed to a merger in a simultaneous referendum . This took effect on January 1, 2010. The new city, still called Lucerne, has a population of around 80,000 people, making it the seventh-largest city in Switzerland. The results of this referendum are expected to pave

2970-431: The question. As of  2012 , there were a total of 77,641 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 166 people worked in 53 businesses in the primary economic sector . The secondary sector employed 7,326 workers in 666 separate businesses. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 70,149 jobs in 6,929 businesses. In 2013 a total of 11.0% of the population received social assistance. As of 2000 51.7% of

3036-426: The rest of the land, 47.6% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (2.1%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). Between 1961 and 1990 Lucerne had an average of 138.1 days of rain per year and on average received 1,171 mm (46.1 in) of precipitation . The wettest month was June during which time Lucerne received an average of 153 mm (6.0 in) of rainfall. During this month there

3102-629: The river Reuss , within sight of the mounts Pilatus and Rigi in the Swiss Alps , Lucerne has long been a destination for tourists. One of the city's landmarks is the Chapel Bridge (German: Kapellbrücke ), a wooden bridge first erected in the 14th century. The official language of Lucerne is German , but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect, Lucerne German . After

3168-464: The river's pre-Germanic name as Silana (whence the name of Silenen ). The Germanic name is attested as Rusa , Rusia from the 9th century (sometimes recorded as Ursa in the Early Modern period, c.f. Urseren ), from an early Germanic *Rūsi , oblique *Rūsjō- . Greule (1982) interprets the name as an Old European hydronym , directly cognate with Riß . Because of Ptolemy's record of

3234-491: The south in 1897. The 1804 play William Tell by Friedrich Schiller did much to establish the reputation of Lucerne and its environs. Schiller himself had not been to Lucerne, but was inspired to write the play by his wife Lotte and his friend Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , who had both personally visited the city and its surrounding canton. Goethe had lodged in the Hirschenplatz on his route to Italy in 1779. It

3300-523: The southernmost part of Lake Lucerne (the Urnersee ) between Flüelen and Seedorf (434 m). The Reuss leaves Lake Lucerne some 30 km to the north-west, at the city of Lucerne . Notable bridges in Lucerne are the Kapellbrücke , first built 1333, rebuilt 1993 and Spreuerbrücke , built 1408. A needle dam just upstream from the Spreuerbrücke ) maintains the water level. It receives

3366-614: The strategic value of the Reuss valley, as reflected in the grant of imperial immediacy to Uri and the wider political backdrop of the foundation of the Old Swiss Confederacy . The Reuss was canalised between Attinghausen and Altdorf in 1850–1863, and to the river mouth in 1900–1912, significantly increasing the arable land in the Reuss plain. A small river delta was reconstructed in 1985. After flooding in 1987, improved flood control measures were constructed during 1995–1999. A small hydroelectric plant

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3432-484: The valley at 1,540 m in eastern direction until its eastern end at Andermatt . This source is only around 5 km away from, and on the same mountain massif as the source of the Rhône, but will ultimately lead to the opposite side of the continent. Gotthardreuss and Furkareuss join at Hospental (1,446 m). Downstream of Andermatt the Reuss joins at 1,429 m the village creek Unteralpreuss , finally turns to

3498-404: The way for negotiations with other nearby cities and towns in an effort to create a unified city-region, based on the results of a study. Lucerne is located at the outfall of Lake Lucerne into the river Reuss , which flows from south-east to north-west. The city occupies both banks of the river and the lowest reach of the lake, with the city centre straddling the river immediately downstream of

3564-544: The youngest of Switzerland's traditional universities. An international company is the EF Education First . Thanks to its continuous tax-cutting policies, Lucerne has become Switzerland's most business-friendly canton. As of 2012 Lucerne offers Switzerland's lowest corporate tax rate at cantonal level. Furthermore, Lucerne also offers very moderate personal income tax rates. In a recent published study of BAK Basel Economics taxation index 2012, Lucerne made it to

3630-532: Was Catholic, in 1900 it was 81.9% and in 1950 it was still 72.3%. In the 2000 census the religious membership of Lucerne was: 35,682 (60%) Roman Catholic, 9,227 (15.5%) Protestant, with an additional 1,979 (3.33%) who were of some other Christian denominations; 1,824 individuals (3.07% of the population) Muslim; 196 individuals (0.33% of the population) Jewish. Of the remainder, 1,073 (1.8%) individuals were another religion; 6,310 (10.61%) stated they do not belong to any organized religion; and 3,205 (5.39%) did not answer

3696-425: Was about a quarter of the national average at that time. Agriculture , which employed about 40% of the workers, was the main form of economic output in the canton. Nevertheless, industry was attracted to the city from areas around Lucerne. From 1850 to 1913, the population quadrupled and the flow of settlers increased. In 1856 trains first linked the city to Olten and Basel, then Zug and Zürich in 1864 and finally to

3762-513: Was accessible via Furka and Oberalp , and was under the influence of the bishopric of Chur . The main settlement area of Uri was the plain of the Reuss estuary Altdorf ( Reussebene ). Settlements tended to form on either side of the river, while the river itself was often taken as communal or parish boundary. The Schöllenen Gorge was made passable the 1230s, opening access to the Gotthard Pass . This resulted in an immense increase of

3828-476: Was built in 1893 and enlarged in 1975 ( Flachsee reservoir). Lucerne Lucerne ( English: / l uː ˈ s ɜːr n / loo- SURN ) or Luzern ( Swiss Standard German: [luˈtsɛrn] ) is a city in central Switzerland , in the German-speaking portion of the country. Lucerne is the capital of the canton of Lucerne and part of the district of the same name. With

3894-596: Was built in Schöllenen Gorge for the construction of the Gotthard Tunnel in 1875. Larger hydroelectric plants were built at Amsteg (1922), Wassen (1949) and Göschenen (1962). The lower Reuss flows along a series of former glacial lakes. Settlements along the river were built on lateral moraines , while the river bed itself was marshy and subject to flooding, and thus unsuitable for settlement. The oldest river crossings are along terminal moraines between

3960-399: Was destined to be dominated by Protestant cities such as Zürich, Bern and Basel , which defeated the Catholic forces in the 1712 Toggenburg War . The former prominent position of Lucerne in the confederacy was lost forever. In the 16th and 17th centuries, wars and epidemics became steadily less frequent and as a result the population of the country increased strongly. Lucerne was besieged by

4026-519: Was during the latter part of the 19th century that Lucerne became a popular destination for artists, royalty and others to escape to. The German composer Richard Wagner established a residence at Tribschen in 1866, where he lived and worked. The city was then boosted by a visit by Queen Victoria to the city in 1868, during which she went sightseeing at the Kapellbrücke and Lion Monument and relished speaking with local people in her native German. The American writer Mark Twain further popularised

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4092-496: Was first built c. 1270, first mentioned 1281 (wooden bridge rebuilt 1953–1957). From Bremgarten, the Reuss meanders between the villages of Eggenwil , Fischbach-Göslikon , Künten , Niederwil , to Stetten (352 m), flowing past Tägerig , Mellingen (350 m), Birrhard (340 m), Mülligen , Birmenstorf and between Windisch and Gebenstorf , finally joining the Aare just downstream of Brugg , at 327 m. After

4158-499: Was held on 29 March/28 June 2020. All members have been re-elected, though two of them (Bitz Staub and Jost) only with the second round. Michèle Bucher (FDP) is Town Chronicler ( Stadtschreiberin ) since 2020. The Grosse Stadtrat of Luzern for the mandate period of 2020-2024 The Grand City Council ( Grosser Stadtrat ) holds legislative power . It is made up of 48 members, with elections held every four years. The Grand City Council decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by

4224-466: Was not content with the increasing Habsburg influence, and Lucerne allied with neighboring towns to seek independence from their rule. Along with Lucerne, the three other forest cantons of Uri , Schwyz and Unterwalden formed the "eternal" Swiss Confederacy , known as the Eidgenossenschaft , on November 7, 1332. Later the cities of Zürich , Zug and Bern joined the alliance. With

4290-434: Was rainfall for an average of 14.2 days. The driest month of the year was February with an average of 61 mm (2.4 in) of precipitation over 10.2 days. Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is " Cfb " (Marine West Coast Climate/ Oceanic climate ). The City Council ( Stadtrat ) constitutes

4356-430: Was re-routed through Windisch. Because ferries and bridges were a source of income, the construction of new crossings was opposed during the early modern period, and only one new bridge was built, commissioned by Zug, at Sins (1640). New bridges were built only after the collapse of the Old Swiss Confederacy, e.g. at Windisch (1799), Ottenbach (1864) and Mühlau (1940). By the end of the 20th century, there were more than

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