A political demonstration is an action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause or people partaking in a protest against a cause of concern; it often consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint, or rally , in order to hear speakers. It is different from mass meeting .
80-575: Occupy Oakland refers to a collaboration and series of demonstrations in Oakland , California , that started in October 2011. As part of the Occupy movement , protesters have staged occupations , most notably at Frank H. Ogawa Plaza in front of Oakland City Hall . Occupy Oakland began as a protest encampment at Frank H. Ogawa Plaza on October 10, 2011. Protesters renamed it Oscar Grant Plaza after
160-416: A SWAT officer and firearms instructor, had previously been involved in three fatal police shootings but was cleared of wrongdoing in all. Demonstration (people) Actions such as blockades and sit-ins may also be referred to as demonstrations. Demonstrations can be nonviolent or violent (usually referred to by participants as " militant "), or can begin as nonviolent and turn violent depending on
240-428: A bottle, officers used flash-bang grenades and tear-gas canisters to attempt to disperse the crowd. A series of clashes between protesters and police continued throughout the night with 103 people arrested in total. Snow Park, a small park beside Lake Merritt, was occupied on October 18 by about two dozen protesters after Frank Ogawa Plaza had filled up with tents. The Snow Park protesters initially spent time maintaining
320-480: A chain link fence and fled across a vacant park. The march continued heading up Telegraph towards 20th. Three officers were injured in the skirmish between Occupy protesters, as protesters threw bottles, metal pipe, rocks, spray cans, improvised explosive devices , and lit flares, police said, in a large skirmish on the front steps of the Oakland Museum of California. The most seriously injured officer received
400-544: A cut to his face that required stitches after a protester hit him with a bicycle. The other two injured officers received bruises, and one injured his hand. Police again stopped the march on Broadway between 23rd and 24th. Police announced over loudspeaker to the kettled crowd: "Marchers, you have failed to disperse after several lawful orders. You are now under arrest". There were 409 arrests at Occupy Oakland on January 28, but only 12 of those arrested were charged. Critics alleged that police engaged in kettling and failed to issue
480-655: A demonstration. Another common tactic is to infiltrate legitimate demonstrations in the attempt to stir widespread violence and rioting, seen most recently in a spring anti-Iraq war gathering in Vancouver, Canada. This has become so commonplace that sources within activist organizations have told STRATFOR they police their own demonstrations to prevent infiltration by fringe groups. Berkeley Police Department 37°52′11.73″N 122°16′22.71″W / 37.8699250°N 122.2729750°W / 37.8699250; -122.2729750 The Berkeley Police Department ( BPD )
560-527: A floating encampment, "Aquapy Lake Merritt". Subsequently, a second "Aquapy encampment" returned to the Lake. On January 31, 2012, eviction warnings were served on the second Aquapy. The police foreclosed Aquapy 2.0 on the evening of February 1. The Occupied Oakland Tribune was founded on November 2, 2011, by Scott Johnson in anticipation of the General Strike happening later that day. It was inspired by
640-416: A general doctrine of nonviolence or pacifism , but from considerations relating to the particular situation that is faced, including its legal, cultural and power-political dimensions: this has been the case in many campaigns of civil resistance . A common tactic used by nonviolent campaigners is the "dilemma demonstration." Activist trainer Daniel Hunter describes this term as covering "actions that force
720-424: A kitchen, library, a bicycle -powered media center, and children's village. The grass was strewn with straw and walkways were created using wooden pallets and boards. There were tents dedicated to arts and crafts, medical attention, supplies, and conflict resolution. Activities were scheduled throughout the day including committee meetings, discussion groups, and yoga classes. Actor and activist Danny Glover spoke at
800-620: A lawful way to demonstrate. The First Amendment of the United States Constitution specifically allows the freedom of assembly as part of a measure to facilitate the redress of such grievances. "Amendment I: Congress shall make no law ... abridging ... the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." A growing trend in the United States has been
880-452: A lawsuit. The reaction of local politicians and city officials was mostly positive at first. In fact, Oakland councilmember Desley Brooks was among the protesters sleeping in tents on the inaugural night of the encampment. Councilwoman Jane Brunner expressed support for the movement by stating, "It's about time people are speaking up." Mayor Jean Quan visited the protest site the next day on October 11, 2011, and according to KCBS, condoned
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#1732772384082960-730: A licence from the authorities. Such laws include the Public Entertainment and Meetings Act and the Public Order Act. Under the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 and the Terrorism Act 2006 , there are areas designated as 'protected sites' where people are not allowed to go. Previously, these were military bases and nuclear power stations, but the law changed in 2007 to include other, generally political areas, such as Downing Street ,
1040-418: A much smaller scale than the earlier demonstrations. The first occupation lasted for 15 days from October 10 to October 25. Frank H. Ogawa Plaza , was symbolically renamed "Oscar Grant Plaza" by the protesters, referring to Oscar Grant, an Oakland man shot and killed by BART police officer Johannes Mehserle in 2009. The occupation of Frank Ogawa Plaza officially began at 4 p.m. on October 10, 2011, with
1120-443: A particular action, grappling, assaulting or holding them for arrest), you may not want to attend this march. It is a militant action. It attracts anti-capitalists, anti-fascists and other comrades of a revolutionary bent. It is not a march intended for people who are not fully comfortable with diversity of tactics. The move to a "diversity of tactics" worked to undermine public support, which some non-violent Occupy participants alleged
1200-529: A plainclothes officer to the home of journalist Doug Oakley at 12:45 a.m. to request he make changes to a story. After this was widely condemned as potential intimidation, Chief Meehan apologized. Another controversy arose over Chief Meehan's conduct when in 2010 he solicited a $ 500,000 housing loan from the public funds to purchase an expensive house in Berkeley, at 3% interest, below market rate. City Council member Lawrence Capitelli, who voted in support of
1280-472: A police officer attempted to arrest a woman, 50 or so protesters surrounded the officers and some protesters threw paint on the police. At 6 p.m. riot police began firing tear gas at the marching protesters. The protesters continued to regroup and, at one point, sat down with linked arms in the intersection of 14th and Broadway near the plaza. The protest was declared an unlawful assembly and protesters told to leave or be subject to arrest The march continued around
1360-457: A press conference calling for the immediate eviction of Occupy Oakland. The group alleged that the ongoing protest had harmed the economy of downtown Oakland, and cited reports of fire hazards in the camp. Occupy protesters interrupted the press conference by chanting, "We are the 99 percent of Oakland." The council members counter chanted: "Occupy Oakland must go." The press conference ended earlier than anticipated. Oakland city officials estimated
1440-438: A projectile found near where Olsen fell was a bean bag round although they could not confirm if that round hit Olsen. Olsen was rushed to the hospital where doctors said that he was in critical condition . At least two other protesters were also injured. The American Civil Liberties Union and National Lawyers Guild are calling for an investigation into the alleged use of excessive force by Oakland police. The investigation by
1520-416: A public issue, especially relating to a perceived grievance or social injustice . A demonstration is usually considered more successful if more people participate. Research shows that anti-government demonstrations occur more frequently in affluent countries than in poor ones. Historian Eric Hobsbawm wrote of demonstrations: Next to sex, the activity combining bodily experience and intense emotion to
1600-441: A rally attended by hundreds of supporters that was also held in tandem with a rally for Indigenous People's Day . The first general assembly, based on Occupy Wall Street 's New York general assembly, was held in the plaza amphitheater at 6 p.m. and several dozen protesters set up tents that evening. Occupy Oakland planned and organized a number of direct actions including marches and rallies and guest speakers to build support for
1680-400: A rally on October 15. Hip hop artist Lupe Fiasco donated food, supplies, and tents to the protesters the night he played a concert in town. The grandnephew of labor leader and civil rights activist César Chávez , Mateus Chávez and his fiancé Latrina Rhinehart, got married at the site on October 20, 2011, to show their support. On October 22, protesters held a rally at the plaza, marched from
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#17327723840821760-689: A resolution by council member Nancy Nadel supporting the Occupy Wall Street protest movement and urging Mayor Jean Quan to collaborate with Occupy Oakland. After more than 100 members of the public spoke—many opposing the resolution—Nadel withdrew her proposal, conceding "We don't have the votes tonight for this resolution." On November 9, five members of the Oakland City Council, Desley Brooks , Ignacio De La Fuente , Patricia Kernighan , Libby Schaaf , Larry Reid (councilmember) , two dozen clergy, and Oakland business owners held
1840-420: A speak-out and general assembly in the plaza's amphitheater. The grassy area of the plaza was empty and surrounded by chain link fences. The general assembly voted to organize a general strike for November 2. The fences were torn down by protesters chanting, "Whose park? Our park!" and one tent was erected. Mayor Jean Quan issued a statement urging non-violence and asked that there be no overnight camping, however
1920-463: A speech to encourage the crowd of protesters. That same day, protesters in Egypt marched from Cairo's Tahrir Square to the U.S. Embassy in solidarity with Occupy Oakland. On November 10, a man was fatally shot about 25 yards away from the encampment. Occupy Oakland medics responded to the victim until police and paramedics arrived. Initially, there were mixed reports about whether the people involved in
2000-409: A variety of elements. These may include: Demonstrations are sometimes spontaneous gatherings, but are also utilized as a tactical choice by movements. They often form part of a larger campaign of nonviolent resistance , often also called civil resistance . Demonstrations are generally staged in public, but private demonstrations are certainly possible, especially if the demonstrators wish to influence
2080-593: A young man who was fatally shot by Bay Area Rapid Transit Police in 2009. The encampment was cleared out by multiple law enforcement agencies on October 25, 2011. The movement also helped spur the November 2, 2011, Oakland General Strike that shut down the Port of Oakland . Police again cleared the protest encampment at Frank Ogawa Plaza on November 14, 2011. Other protest encampments were created and subsequently dismantled by law enforcement. The last encampment at Snow Park
2160-605: Is granted by art. 5th, item XVI, of the Constitution of Brazil (1988). Freedom of assembly in the Russian Federation is granted by Art. 31 of the Constitution adopted in 1993: Citizens of the Russian Federation shall have the right to gather peacefully, without weapons, and to hold meetings, rallies, demonstrations, marches and pickets . Demonstrations and protests are further regulated by
2240-437: Is the municipal police department for the city of Berkeley , California , United States. Shortly after Berkeley was incorporated in 1878, a town marshal and constables were elected to provide law enforcement. August Vollmer had been the town marshal since 1905, and was appointed to be the first chief of police in 1909. He remained chief until he retired in 1932, although he left from 1923 to 1924 when briefly appointed
2320-899: The Occupied Wall Street Journal and similarly featured color, four-page news, distributed for free, about the Occupy Oakland movement. After two issues, on January 6, 2012, the Bay Area News Group (BANG, which owns the Oakland Tribune ) sent a cease and desist letter to the Occupied Oakland Tribune , alleging their name, web-domain and altered Tribune tower logo infringed the company's trademark. BANG's lawyer stated that Johnson must stop publication and hand over his access to OccupiedOakTrib.org domain immediately or face
2400-673: The Alameda County Sheriff's Office , San Francisco Sheriff's Department , Santa Clara County Sheriff's Office , and Solano County Sheriff's Department. Additionally, the California Highway Patrol assisted in traffic management and security of the freeways, but was not involved with clearing the camp. About 200 protesters attempted to stop the police from clearing the camp with a makeshift barricade consisting of crates, metal police barricades and dumpsters. Police stated that loud bangs that were heard when
2480-472: The Occupy Cal demonstrations at UC Berkeley. The city of Oakland distributed notices of violation to protesters for three days from November 11 through November 13. The notices stated that the protesters were in violation of the city code by lodging overnight, obstructing the use of a public park, and making fires in a public park. In the early hours of November 14, approximately 700-1000 police dismantled
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2560-549: The Palace of Westminster , and the headquarters of MI5 and MI6 . Previously, trespassers to these areas could not be arrested if they had not committed another crime and agreed to be escorted out, but this will change following amendments to the law. Human rights groups fear the powers could hinder peaceful protest. Nick Clegg , the then Liberal Democrat home affairs spokesman, said: "I am not aware of vast troops of trespassers wanting to invade MI5 or MI6, still less running
2640-637: The United Nations special rapporteur on the right of peaceful assembly and association. In 2019, its report expressed alarm at the restrictions on the freedom of peaceful assembly: The Special Rapporteur has expressed concern regarding laws adopted in many countries that impose harsh restrictions on assemblies, including provisions relating to blanket bans, geographical restrictions, mandatory notifications and authorizations. [...] The need for prior authorization in order to hold peaceful protests [is] contrary to international law [...]. A report released by
2720-431: The police . Police and military authorities often use non-lethal force or less-lethal weapons, such as tasers , rubber bullets , pepper spray , and tear gas against demonstrators in these situations. Sometimes violent situations are caused by the preemptive or offensive use of these weapons which can provoke, destabilize, or escalate a conflict. As a known tool to prevent the infiltration by agents provocateurs ,
2800-524: The "Stop Work" strike scheduled for Wednesday, giving all employees, except for police officers, permission to take the day off. That's hundreds of City workers encouraged to take off work to participate in the protest against "the establishment." But aren't the Mayor and her Administration part of the establishment they are paying City employees to protest? On November 3, the City Council met to consider
2880-690: The Citizens Police Review Board is lasted several months. Olsen served two tours of duty as a data network specialist in the Iraq War , was awarded seven medals (including the Navy-Marine Corps Achievement Medal), and received an administrative discharge as a lance corporal in November 2009 after serving four years. While still an active-duty servicemember, Olsen created a website called "I hate
2960-532: The Federal Law of the Russian Federation No.54-FZ " On Meetings, Rallies, Demonstrations, Marches and Pickets ". If the assembly in public is expected to involve more than one participant, its organisers are obliged to notify executive or local self-government authorities of the upcoming event few days in advance in writing. However, legislation does not foresee an authorisation procedure, hence
3040-534: The Human Rights Law Centre in 2024 states that based on British common law, " Australian courts regard [the right to assembly] as a core part of a democratic system of government. " However, there are a number of limitations placed on demonstrations and protest under state, territory and federal legislation, with forty-nine laws introduced regarding them since 2004. Freedom of assembly in Brazil
3120-575: The Marine Corps" as a forum for "like-minded grunts to vent". Despite the site's title, Olsen insists he doesn't in fact hate the Marine Corps, nor does he regret his enlistment. At least 1,000 people held a candlelight vigil for Scott Olsen in front of Oakland City Hall on October 27, 2011. He was released from the hospital around November 10, and eventually recovered from his injuries but continues to have some difficulty speaking although he plans to try and rehabilitate himself from his injuries. Olsen
3200-572: The Occupy Oakland protesters. On October 25, 2011, Scott Olsen, a 24-year-old former Marine and Iraq War veteran, suffered a skull fracture caused by a projectile that some witnesses claimed was a tear gas or smoke canister fired by police. A video by protesters shows an explosion of something near protesters attempting to aid Olsen. The Associated Press later reported that it was not known exactly what kind of object had struck Olsen or who had thrown or fired it, but that protesters had been throwing rocks and bottles. The Guardian reported that
3280-543: The Occupy movement cost the city $ 2.38 million in police overtime pay, private security and mutual aid, not including costs of the Port of Oakland protests and not accounting for insurance policy reimbursement. The estimate was a revision of the $ 5 million figure provided by Mayor Quan. Throughout the time of Occupy Oakland protests, there were numerous complaints of alleged police misconduct coming from their actions in relation to
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3360-617: The Veterans Memorial Building near the intersection of Harrison and Grand on Veterans Day, November 11. They were cleared out by law enforcement on November 14. After the encampments at Frank Ogawa Plaza and Veterans Memorial were removed by law enforcement, protesters briefly occupied a vacant lot in the Uptown neighborhood in downtown Oakland from November 19 to November 20. Demonstrators took down fences and set up tents, hung banners, and had an impromptu dance session in
3440-553: The aim of opposing the demonstrators and presenting their view. Clashes between demonstrators and counter-demonstrators may turn violent. Government-organized demonstrations are demonstrations which are organized by a government. The Islamic Republic of Iran , the People's Republic of China , Republic of Cuba , the Soviet Union and Argentina , among other nations, have had government-organized demonstrations. Sometimes
3520-593: The authorities have no right to prohibit an assembly or change its place unless it threatens the security of participants or is planned to take place near hazardous facilities, important railways , viaducts , pipelines , high voltage electric power lines , prisons , courts , presidential residences or in the border control zone. The right to gather can also be restricted in close proximity of cultural and historical monuments. Public demonstrations in Singapore are not common, in part because cause-related events require
3600-538: The camp on October 19. The next day, October 20, the City of Oakland published and distributed an official notice of violation citing the camp for fire, safety, and sanitation hazards. The city issued violation notices threatening arrest for the next few days. The 300 to 400 demonstrators "appeared determined not to leave" and countered that "complaints about rats, drug crimes and violence in the area of 14th Street and Broadway went unchecked before they arrived." In response to
3680-465: The camp while supporters protested peacefully around the encampment. Police made about 20 arrests in total. Thousands of protesters gathered at the plaza on November 2 to participate in rallies, marches, and teach-ins designed to draw attention to economic inequity and corporate greed as part of the 2011 Oakland General Strike . The Port of Oakland , the fifth busiest port in the United States,
3760-639: The chief of the Los Angeles Police Department . On May 15, 1969, at the request of Berkeley mayor Wallace J.S. Johnson , Governor Ronald Reagan ordered the Berkeley PD and California Highway Patrol to clear People's Park , at the time a vacant lot that local left-wing activists had been turning into a garden. This prompted the "Bloody Thursday" riots. In 2012, the Department provoked controversy when Chief Meehan ordered
3840-427: The circumstances. Sometimes riot police or other forms of law enforcement become involved. In some cases, this may be in order to try to prevent the protest from taking place at all. In other cases, it may be to prevent clashes between rival groups, or to prevent a demonstration from spreading and turning into a riot . The term has been in use since the mid-19th century, as was the term " monster meeting ", which
3920-515: The city did not take steps to prevent protesters from re-occupying the plaza. The plaza was occupied for 18 days, from October 26 to November 14, and the "miniature city" grew to about 180 tents. A medical tent staffed by members of the California Nurses Association and an interfaith tent were added to the new "miniature city". Documentary filmmaker and activist Michael Moore visited the site on October 28, 2011, and made
4000-425: The city until about 9:30 p.m. when the protesters returned again to the plaza which was barricaded and guarded by 100 police officers in riot gear. Some protesters threw water bottles and other objects at the police after which police issued dispersal orders, which failed to disperse the crowd. Police then fired tear gas and beanbag rounds at some remaining protesters. Oakland police chief Howard Jordan denied
4080-411: The crowd ended up at the vacant Henry J. Kaiser Convention Center, where police had established a line. Some protesters carried plastic garbage cans cut into shields in preparation for confrontation with police. Police first attempted arrests near Telegraph Ave and William St. This attempt failed when protesters were ordered to disperse. As police attempted to clear the protesters, the marchers overturned
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#17327723840824160-456: The date or location chosen for the demonstration is of historical or cultural significance, such as the anniversary of some event that is relevant to the topic of the demonstration. Locations are also frequently chosen because of some relevance to the issue at hand. For example, if a demonstration is targeted at issues relating to foreign nation , the demonstration may take place at a location associated with that nation, such as an embassy of
4240-516: The first Saturday of January, some supporters of Occupy Oakland began a series of what they called "Fuck The Police" (FTP) protests. Officials estimated that policing each FTP in January cost the City about $ 50,000. A statement issued prior to the January 14 "FTP" march read, in part: IMPORTANT NOTICE: If you identify as peaceful and are likely to interfere with the actions of your fellow protesters in any way (including telling them to stop performing
4320-430: The full reinstatement with back pay of the only police officer fired in connection with the Occupy protests. Officer Robert Roche had been terminated for unreasonable use of force when there was no immediate threat to officers and for violating the department's policy on use of tear gas. Arbitrators have reduced or revoked police disciplinary measures in 12 of the past 15 union-mandated discipline arbitrations. Officer Roche,
4400-721: The gauntlet of security checks in Whitehall and Westminster to make a point. It's a sledgehammer to crack a nut." Liberty , the civil liberties pressure group, said the measure was "excessive". One of the biggest demonstration in the UK was the people vote march, on 19 October 2019, with around 1 million demonstrators related to the Brexit . In 2021, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom ruled that blocking roads can be
4480-435: The grounds of the park. They were removed from the park by law enforcement on the morning of October 25, an hour after Frank Ogawa Plaza was raided, and six protesters were arrested. The camp was reestablished with one tent erected on October 26. The encampment grew to about 20 tents by November 13. On November 21, 100 campers peacefully left Snow Park after law enforcement arrived. About seven protesters set up camp in front of
4560-433: The highest degree is the participation in a mass demonstration at a time of great public exaltation. Unlike sex, which is essentially individual, it is by its nature collective… like sex it implies some physical action—marching, chanting slogans, singing—through which the merger of the individual in the mass, which is the essence of the collective experience, finds expression. There are many types of demonstrations, including
4640-561: The implementation of " free speech zones ", or fenced-in areas which are often far-removed from the event which is being protested; critics of free-speech zones argue that they go against the First Amendment of the United States Constitution by their very nature, and that they lessen the impact the demonstration might otherwise have had. In many areas it is required to get permission from the government to hold
4720-489: The loan, later became Chief Meehan's real estate agent on the house purchase. On September 20, 2016, Meehan abruptly resigned his post. He gave no reason for the resignation, but the local newspaper Berkeleyside had previously reported on dissatisfaction and low morale among BPD officers. Captain Andrew Greenwood was made acting chief. The Berkeley PD responded to the 2017 Berkeley protests violently. Ahead of
4800-502: The mayor's support for the November 2 general strike, the Oakland Police Officer's Association issued an open letter to the citizens of Oakland expressing "confusion" about Mayor Quan's decision making. The open letter took issue with Mayor Quan's decision to allow public employees to participate in the upcoming general strike: [T]he Administration issued a memo on Friday, October 28th to all City workers in support of
4880-609: The movement. On October 14, protesters participated in a short march during rush hour traffic. The following weekend, around 2,500 people, including actor and activist Danny Glover , came out for a Saturday march and rally to show their support for Occupy Oakland. On October 17, the three American hikers recently freed from an Iranian prison made their first West Coast speaking appearance at Occupy Oakland, drawing an audience of around 300 people. The camp grew to roughly 150 tents that were used for both camping and to provide services to protesters and visitors. A "miniature city" evolved with
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#17327723840824960-418: The nation in question. While fixed demonstrations may take place in pedestrian zones , larger marches usually take place on roads. It may happen with or without an official authorisation. Protest marches and demonstrations are a common nonviolent tactic. They are thus one tactic available to proponents of strategic nonviolence . However, the reasons for avoiding the use of violence may also derive, not from
5040-448: The occupation but asked that campers not urinate on plaza's large oak tree because it has shallow roots. City administrator spokeswoman Karen Boyd said that the city's plan was to let the protesters stay "As long as they are peaceful and respectful of the rights of all the users of the plaza.". Bay Area U.S. Congress members Barbara Lee and Pete Stark also released statements of support. The Alameda County Health Department inspected
5120-414: The opinions of a small or very specific group of people. Demonstrations are usually physical gatherings, but virtual or online demonstrations are certainly possible. Topics of demonstrations often deal with political , economic , and social issues. Particularly with controversial issues, sometimes groups of people opposed to the aims of a demonstration may themselves launch a counter-demonstration with
5200-479: The organizers of large or controversial assemblies may deploy and coordinate demonstration marshals , also called stewards. The right to demonstrate peacefully is guaranteed by international conventions, in particular by the articles 21 and 22 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ( right of peaceful assembly and right of association ). Its implementation is monitored by
5280-520: The perimeter of the encampment, as 200-300 protesters gathered around them chanting. At 4 p.m. between 1000 and 1500 protesters gathered at the downtown Oakland Public Library for a rally and march back to the plaza to try and re-occupy the plaza. On their way, they headed to the Oakland Police Department Headquarters to protest, and were blocked by a line of police in riot gear. There was a brief standoff and after
5360-604: The plaza to Snow Park and protested outside a branch of Wells Fargo. At 4:50 a.m. on October 25, 2011, police in riot gear arrived to clear the plaza encampment. The raid was conducted by 392 officers of the Oakland Police Department along with 202 personnel from 15 local law-enforcement agencies under a mutual aid agreement. Officers were from the police departments of Berkeley , UC Berkeley , Emeryville, Fremont, Hayward, Newark, Palo Alto, Pleasanton, San Francisco , San Jose , and Santa Clara, as well as
5440-425: The raid began came from M-80 and M-1000 firecrackers hurled at officers by protesters. Police said that they used tear gas in order to effect an arrest after officers who were pelted with rocks and bottles, and that police used a beanbag non-lethal rounds after a protester threw a garbage can at officers. During the raid police arrested a total of 75 people, mostly for misdemeanors. Police erected metal barricades around
5520-508: The rain, powered by a sound truck. Some nearby residents were opposed to the new occupation location due to noise issues. On December 12, the Port of Oakland was again shut down as Occupy Oakland protesters participated in a West Coast shutdown of ports. At the Port of Oakland, hundreds of protesters stayed overnight and successfully stopped the 3 am shift of ILWU workers from entering the Port to work. The crowd eventually dispersed peacefully with no arrests or even police presence. Starting
5600-571: The required audible dispersal order prior to arrests. Several journalists reported being arrested or placed in restraints. In response, The Newspaper Guild released a letter protesting Oakland Police's actions that day. Over the course of the day, the Oakland Police Department received more than 1,700 calls for service elsewhere in Oakland that were delayed or not responded to because of the strain on resources dealing with protesters. More than 480 of those were 911 calls. On December 15, police evicted
5680-433: The shooting were connected to Occupy Oakland. Police later found that the victim, 25-year-old Kayode Ola Foster, was indeed an Occupy Oakland participant, but only for the previous few days, as was one of two possible murder suspects. In response to the shooting, demonstrators observed silence, prayed, and held a candlelight vigil for the victim led by one of the camp chaplains. On November 15, Occupy Oakland protesters joined
5760-510: The target to either let you do what you want, or be shown as unreasonable as they stop you from doing it". A study by Srdja Popovic and Sophia McClennen won the 2020 Brown Democracy Medal for its examination of 44 examples of dilemma demonstrations and the ways in which they were used to achieve goals within civil resistance campaigns. Some demonstrations and protests can turn, at least partially, into riots or mob violence against objects such as automobiles and businesses , bystanders and
5840-442: The use of flashbang grenades and said that the explosions came from M-80 firecrackers thrown by protesters. There were conflicting reports between protesters and police over whether the loud noises and explosions came from flashbang grenades or M-80 firecrackers One protester, Iraq War veteran Scott Olsen, suffered a skull fracture caused by a projectile that witnesses believed was a tear gas or smoke canister fired by police. He
5920-506: Was cleared on November 21, 2011. Occupy Oakland then had no physical presence in any public space overnight in the city. Occupy Oakland has often centered on complaints about alleged police misconduct, and relationships between protesters and police were especially frayed at Occupy Oakland. Oakland police estimated that as of April 2012 they had interacted with over 60,000 protesters since the movement began. As of December 2014, Occupy Oakland continued to engage in organized events and actions on
6000-505: Was coined initially with reference to the huge assemblies of protesters inspired by Daniel O'Connell (1775–1847) in Ireland. Demonstrations are a form of activism , usually taking the form of a public gathering of people in a rally or walking in a march . Thus, the opinion is demonstrated to be significant by gathering in a crowd associated with that opinion. Demonstrations can promote a viewpoint (either positive or negative) regarding
6080-417: Was minimal during the strike, and most protesters had gone home by 11 p.m. when dozens of protesters took over a building that once housed the nonprofit Travelers Aid Society, and started a massive trash fire at 16th and Broadway that sent flames 15 feet high. Just after midnight, police declared the protest an unlawful assembly and ordered the crowd to disperse. After one officer was struck on his face shield by
6160-429: Was rushed to the hospital by other protesters, who were struck with unknown projectiles while attempting to aid him. At least two other protesters were also injured. The American Civil Liberties Union and National Lawyers Guild called for an investigation into the use of alleged use of excessive force by some Oakland police officers. October 26, the day after the police raid, between 1,500 and 3,000 people gathered for
6240-420: Was shut down after several thousand protesters blocked entrances to the port. Official estimates put the number of people attending the general strike at 7,000, while organizers say there were between 20,000 and 30,000. Most of the protesters were peaceful, but some protesters smashed windows at Whole Foods and Wells Fargo, looted an art store, and plastered downtown businesses with graffiti. The police presence
6320-469: Was subsequently interviewed on three nationally televised cable news shows: MSNBC 's The Ed Show (Nov. 29), MSNBC 's The Rachel Maddow Show (Dec. 1) and Current TV 's Countdown with Keith Olbermann (Dec. 2). In March 2012, a report revealed Olsen was hit by a beanbag round, rather than a tear-gas canister as had been suggested. In March 2014, the City of Oakland agreed to pay a $ 4.5 million settlement to Olsen. In July 2014 an arbitrator ordered
6400-421: Was the work of infiltrating 'agents provocateurs'." On January 28, Occupy Oakland protesters had planned a 'move-in' day to take over a vacant building and establish it as a social center. The target for occupation was the long-vacant Kaiser Convention Center . Organizers kept the building targeted for takeover a secret, so the exact route was a mystery to most of the marchers. After winding through Laney College,
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