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36-706: The name is from the Hitchiti language words for yellow river. The Ochlockonee originates south of the town of Sylvester in Worth County in southwest Georgia and empties into Ochlockonee Bay and then Apalachee Bay in Florida . The river forms the western boundaries of Leon County and Wakulla County and eastern boundaries of Gadsden County , Liberty County , and Franklin County in Florida. It flows through

72-518: A few cotton plantation owners would take advantage of the exposed land and wealth of grasses and vegetation which took hold in the nutrient rich lake bottom and graze their cattle and sheep on the lake. Species include the beaver , bobcat , cotton rat , common rat , marsh rice rat , oldfield mouse , eastern wood rat , coyote , gray fox , red fox , gray squirrel , fox squirrel , marsh rabbit , nine-banded armadillo , opossum , raccoon , river otter and white-tailed deer . Iamonia

108-599: Is 40 feet (12 m). The lake is surrounded by 4000 acres (16 km ) of land under conservation easement. The volume of water in the lake is affected by water in its own drainage basin and by water from the Ochlockonee River and rainfall in Southwestern Georgia . The flooding of this river re-filled the entire body of the dried lake within 3 days in February 2008. Thunderstorms which hit

144-681: Is a language or a pair of dialects or closely related languages that belong to the Muskogean languages family. As of 2014 , Mikasuki was spoken by around 290 people in southern Florida . Along with the Cow Creek Seminole dialect of Muscogee , it is also known as Seminole . It is spoken by members of the Miccosukee tribe and of the Seminole Tribe of Florida . The extinct Hitchiti was a mutually intelligible dialect of or

180-791: Is an attraction for sport fishing with largemouth bass , bluegill , black crappie , flier , redear sunfish , Florida gar , bowfin and American pickerel . Reptiles include the American alligator , snapping turtle , Florida softshell turtle , peninsular cooter , pond slider , musk turtle , eastern mud turtle , chicken turtle , Suwannee cooter , box turtle , Florida green water snake , banded water snake , cottonmouth , black racer , corn snake , southern ribbon snake , garter snake , eastern kingsnake , black swamp snake , mud snake , red-bellied snake , ringneck snake , grey rat snake , rough green snake , scarlet snake , coachwhip snake and eastern indigo snake . Among amphibians,

216-486: Is classified as oligotrophic to mesotrophic with a Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) of 31200. The eastern end of Lake Iamonia is oligotrophic which makes it one of the cleanest lakes in Leon County. The lake is 95 feet (29 m) above sea level and the sink basin, located on the northern shore of Lake Iamonia, has a surface area of 19.52 acres (79,000 m ). Its average depth is 7 feet (2 m) and its maximum depth

252-417: Is known to have supported a variety of megafauna from as far back as 23.6 Ma . Fossils of the bear-dog Amphicyon and the dog-like Temnocyonines have been uncovered at nearby sites. The Griscom Plantation Site , once located on Luna Plantation , and on the south shore of Iamonia has produced fossils of the ruminant Leptomeryx , the horse relatives Merychippus and Parahippus leonensis , and

288-467: Is pronounced "I-monia" and is named after a Seminole town “Hiamonee,” which was located on the banks of the Ochlockonee River . The lake is located in the Red Hills Region and is approximately 5,757 acres (23 km ) in size and is 7 miles (11 km) long and up to 2 miles (3 km) wide. It has a drainage basin of roughly 101 square miles (260 km). County Road 12 runs along

324-714: The Early Pleistocene through submergence of land during the various glacial retreats (a warming period) and emergence from the sea during glacial stadial advancement (a cooling period). Though the ice sheet was further north, it affected Iamonia's appearance and significant changes began to take shape during the Okefenokee terrace and shoreline period and was complete by the end of the Wicomico terrace and shoreline event thousands of years later. See: Leon County Pleistocene coastal terraces Lake Iamonia area

360-640: The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission as a Strategic Habitat Conservation Area. Rare animals that can be found along the Ochlockonee include red-cockaded woodpecker , least tern , and the Apalachicola dusky salamander . The river is especially rich in rare freshwater mussels ( Unionidae ), including three federally listed endangered species: the Ochlockonee moccasinshell ,

396-604: The Miccosukee tribe of Florida. Traceable by local names in Hitchiti, the language was used by peoples over considerable portions of Georgia and Florida. Like Creek , this language has an archaic form called "women's talk", or female language. Scholars believe that the Yamasee also spoke Hitchiti, but the evidence is not conclusive. Other evidence points toward their speaking a different language, perhaps one related to Guale . Some sources list Hitchiti as an extant language in

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432-806: The Red Hills , the Jackson Bluff Dam , Talquin State Forest , Lake Talquin State Park and the Apalachicola National Forest , and past Ochlockonee River State Park , where it is tidally influenced and a mixture of fresh, brackish, and salt water, on the way to its terminus in Ochlockonee Bay, which then empties into Apalachee Bay , with tidal influences extending upstream over 15 miles (24 km) from

468-672: The Shinyrayed pocketbook , and the Oval pigtoe . "The Florida maybell tree can be found only along the Ochlockonee and Chipola Rivers. The Ochlockonee is connected to and a source of water for Lake Iamonia , especially during flooding. Fishing for largemouth bass , black crappie , Bream , striped bass and channel catfish can be excellent on the Ochlockonee River, and a state-designated canoe trail can be found both upstream and downstream of Lake Talquin. Telogia Creek and

504-530: The 1990s. The Seminole and Miccosukee were made up of descendants of members of the Muscogee Confederacy , who had migrated to Florida under pressure from European-American encroachment. The Seminole formed by a process of ethnogenesis in the 18th century. American settlers began to enter Florida and came into conflict with the Seminole. The Seminole Wars of the 19th century greatly depleted

540-420: The Florida panhandle and southwest Georgia on April 2 and 3 brought the level of the Ochlockonee River to 26.1 feet (8 m), 4 feet (1 m) above flood stage raising the lake level substantially. In 1910, a dam was constructed across the western end sloughs with two small bridges separated by 1,850 feet (564 m) of fill dirt . The dam separated Lake Iamonia from the Ochlockonee River to keep out

576-503: The IPA, is shown in angled brackets. There are three tones: high, low and falling. Vowel length is distinctive: eche [itʃi] ' mouth ' vs. eeche [iːtʃi] ' deer ' , ete [iti] ' eye ' vs. eete [iːti] ' fire ' . Nouns are marked with suffixes for various functions, some examples: Free pronouns exist ( aane ' I ' , chehne ' you ' , pohne ' we ' ) but are rarely used. Verb suffixes are

612-543: The Little River near State Road 12 are also popular for canoeing. The Florida National Scenic Trail follows the river for two miles. The Ochlockonee is a vital link in the production of seafood in Apalachee Bay . During floods, the river transports organic matter downstream into the estuary of Ochlockonee Bay where the shallows of the bay were created by the great volume of sand and clay brought down by

648-611: The ancestor of Mikasuki. Hitchiti was one of the many Muskogean languages spoken by peoples of what is now the southeastern United States, and is considered by many scholars to be the ancestor of the Mikasuki language. It was spoken in Georgia and eastern Alabama in the early historic period, with speakers moving into Florida during the 18th and 19th centuries. Hitchiti was the language of tribal towns such as Hitchiti , Chiaha , Oconee , Okmulgee, Sawokli , and Apalachicola . Based on

684-664: The ancient camel Oxydactylus . Osbornodon iamonensis (Osborn's dog), a forerunner of today's dog , was named for the lake. The lake was home to the Woodland culture , more specifically the Weeden Island culture , of early Native Americans from roughly 200 BCE to 750 AD. It was within the Apalachee Province from 1000 AD to the 1520s and later the lake would become home to the Seminoles . Lake Iamonia

720-719: The dominance of English language media was seen as a factor inhibiting Miccosukee. As of 2011, the University of Florida Department of Anthropology is home to the Elling Eide Endowed Professorship in Miccosukee Language and Culture, for Native American languages of the southeastern United States. Presentations in the language have been featured at the Florida Folk Festival . The orthography, where it differs from

756-587: The former moving onto reservations. The Miccosukee lived in communities that were affected by the early 20th-century construction of the Tamiami Trail , which brought tourists into the Everglades. The Miccosukee achieved federal recognition as a tribe in 1962. Both tribes have speakers of Mikasuki today. As of 2002, the language is taught in the local school, Miccosukee Indian School , which has "an area devoted to 'Miccosukee Language Arts'". Circa 2005

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792-598: The males as well. Their language with the "female" dialect was also known as the 'ancient language'. The language appears to have been used beyond the territorial limits of the tribe: it was spoken in Native American villages on the Chattahoochee River , such as Chiaha (Chehaw), Chiahudshi, Hitchiti, Oconee, Sawokli, Sawokliudshi, and Apalachicola, and in those on the Flint River, and also by

828-417: The northern part of the lake. Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy is situated on a bluff on the north side of the lake. The eastern side borders near US 319 , the south side is bordered by the developments of Killearn Lakes Plantation and Luna Pines. The west side edges near State Road 155 (N. Meridian Road). The highest elevation around the lake's basin is 220 feet (67 m). Lake Iamonia

864-537: The number of place names that have been derived from the language, scholars believe it could have spread over a much larger area than Georgia and Florida during colonial times. It was part of the Muskogean language family; it is often considered a dialect of the Mikasuki language with which it was mutually intelligible. The Hitchiti and the Mikasuki tribes were both part of the Creek confederacy. The Mikasuki language

900-632: The numbers of these tribes, especially the Second Seminole War . The United States forcibly removed many Seminole to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). The Seminole and Miccosukee had gradually moved into the center of Florida and the Everglades, from where they resisted defeat even in the Third Seminole War. The US gave up efforts against them. In the 20th century, the Florida Seminole and Miccosukee split apart, with

936-543: The river's mouth. When the Spanish arrived in northern Florida, the Ochlockonee River formed the western boundary of their Apalachee Province . Late 17th-century Spanish documents refer to the river as Claraquachine and Amarillo (Spanish for "yellow"). A 1716 Spanish document called it Rio de Lagna ( lagna is probably Apalachee for "yellow"). An English map from 1720 identifies it as the Yellow River. A 1778 map spells

972-559: The river's name "Okalockney", while one from 1856 has it as "Oklokonee". The modern name probably derives from the Hitchiti/Mikasuki Oki (water) and Lagana (yellow). From 1839 to 1842, Fort Virginia Braden was established on the river located at Fort Braden in Florida . The fort was named after the commander's wife who died of yellow fever . The Ochlockonee River saw action during the Civil War . On 15 July 1863,

1008-465: The river's water so that the lake would dry for agricultural purposes. In 1940 a 1,150 feet (351 m) long, 150 feet (46 m) wide earthen dike was constructed around the sink basin to keep water in the lake. A concrete spillway was constructed for overflow with metal pipes of diameter 60 inches (152 cm) and sluice gates built into the earthen dikes at the sink. Just before 1950 additional earthen dams were built across Cromartie Arm (to

1044-583: The river. This estuary serves as a nursery for numerous species of fish and shellfish which are the basis for recreational and commercial fishing as well as the seafood that this area is known for. Fishing on the Ochlockonee Bay is excellent for Flounder , Redfish , Black Drum , Spotted Sea Trout , Blue Crab and sharks . A number of major highways cross the Ochlockonee River along its course, including Interstate 10 and U.S. highways 19 , 27 , U.S. Route 84 and 319 . Hitchiti language The Mikasuki , Hitchiti-Mikasuki , or Hitchiti language

1080-545: The screw steamer gunboat USS Stars and Stripes and wooden side-wheel steam ferryboat USS Somerset attacked the salt works at Mashes Sands . On 29 December 1863, Stars and Stripes sank the blockade-running schooner Caroline Gertrude , aground on the sandbar at the mouth of the Ochlockonee. Stars and Stripes also captured the blockade-running steamer Laura off the Ochlockonee on 18 January 1864. On 19 and 20 October 1864, Stars and Stripes destroyed an extensive Confederate fishery at Mashes Island and captured

1116-435: The sluice gates open and the sink drains continuously. The sink area covers 19.5 acres (79,000 m ) and has a maximum depth of 400 feet (122 m). It has a drain rate at 9.2 cubic feet per second. In the antebellum 19th century, Lake Iamonia had Burgesstown Plantation , Pine Hill Plantation , Oaklawn Plantation and G.W. Holland Plantation surrounding it. During dry periods which naturally occurred in cycles,

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1152-590: The south) and Strickland Arm (to the north) and bordering Horseshoe Plantation . The purpose of these dams was to keep water in Cromartie and Strickland Arms for the plantations. By the 1970s aquatic plants had increased in the lake. In 1978 the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission constructed draw down structures in the sink basin on the north end and under the bridge on N. Meridian Road but were removed by 1980 due to damage from bald cypress roots. Northwest Florida Water Management District welded

1188-525: The troops stationed there as guards. In 1927 the Jackson Bluff Dam was constructed on the Ochlockonee River to produce hydroelectric power. The waters held back by the dam formed Lake Talquin. The Ochlockonee River corridor is home to many threatened fish, wildlife and plant species. It has been designated under the State of Florida's Outstanding Florida Waters program and has been identified by

1224-497: The usual way of marking person. Mikasuki is written using the Latin alphabet. The vowel characters on the left represent the sounds on the right, transcribed phonetically: The consonants characters are: High tone is indicated with an acute accent (´), low tone with a grave accent (`), and falling tone with an acute accent followed by a grave accent. A long vowel with falling tone is represented by two accented vowel letters (áà). When

1260-462: The vowel is short, the grave accent is placed over the next consonant (áǹ): An epenthetic [ə] vowel appears in kl, kw and kn clusters in careful speech. Lake Iamonia Lake Iamonia ⟨aɪ ˈmoʊ njə⟩ is a large, subtropical prairie lake in northern Leon County, Florida , United States, created during the Pleistocene epoch. Lake Iamonia's base was established during

1296-531: Was historically one of the major languages of the Seminole people, who developed as a new ethnic group in Florida. It is still spoken by many Seminole and Miccosukee in Florida, but it has become extinct among the Oklahoma Seminole . Like Muscogee , Hitchiti had an ancient "female" dialect. The dialect was still remembered and sometimes spoken by the older people, and it used to be the language of

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