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24-638: As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 82,059, up from 72,426 as of 2005. As of 2010, the city of Ocozocoautla de Espinosa had a population of 39,180. Other than the city of Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, the municipality had 1,069 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were: Ocuilapa de Juárez (3,921), classified as urban, and Vicente Guerrero (Matamoros) (2,009), Guadalupe Victoria (1,876), Ignacio Zaragoza (El Morro) (1,675), La Independencia (Las Pilas) (1,178), Hermenegildo Galeana (1,068), and Alfonso Moguel (1,022), classified as rural. The carnival of this town

48-737: A comal ), as well as distilled spirits. On Tuesday, the cohuinás dance the "Baile de Plaza" also known as the "Baile Grande" or the "Danza del los Enlistaonados". The dance is performed once in each of the three main plazas of the town. This dance has pre-Hispanic origins and honors "Tajaj Jama" or ‘Father Sun.’ Since the Spanish Conquest, European Christian characters have been added to this dance, including "el Mahoma", an Arab figure who represents evil because of his opposition to Christianity, David , who represents good because he protects his people against Goliath and "el Caballo" (the Horse),

72-618: A comal ), as well as distilled spirits. On Tuesday, the cohuinás dance the "Baile de Plaza" also known as the "Baile Grande" or the "Danza del los Enlistaonados". The dance is performed once in each of the three main plazas of the town. This dance has pre-Hispanic origins and honors "Tajaj Jama" or ‘Father Sun.’ Since the Spanish Conquest, European Christian characters have been added to this dance, including "el Mahoma", an Arab figure who represents evil because of his opposition to Christianity, David , who represents good because he protects his people against Goliath and "el Caballo" (the Horse),

96-503: A character whose mission is to help David. In the dance, the three battle until David triumphs. On Tuesday, the Dance of the Tiger is performed. Two tiger and two monkeys (male and female) are accompanied by a hunter, soldiers, "tatamonos" and "arreadores." The tigers hunt the monkeys as the hunter hunts the tigers. Accompanied by tambourines , marimbas and flutes , the dance ends when

120-423: A character whose mission is to help David. In the dance, the three battle until David triumphs. On Tuesday, the Dance of the Tiger is performed. Two tiger and two monkeys (male and female) are accompanied by a hunter, soldiers, "tatamonos" and "arreadores." The tigers hunt the monkeys as the hunter hunts the tigers. Accompanied by tambourines , marimbas and flutes , the dance ends when the monkeys triumph over

144-466: A dinner with marimba music. As part of this event, new people are chosen to play the various roles for next year’s Carnival . Zoque people The Zoque are an Indigenous people of Mexico , who are related to the Mixe . They speak various languages , also called Zoque, which has several branches and dialects. The Zoque consists of 41,609 people, according to the 2000 census. They live mainly in

168-512: Is based on native Zoque traditions that date back to pre-Hispanic times and Christian traditions brought over by the Spanish. It celebrates both the proximity of Holy Week and the resurrection of the land and of life. It begins the Sunday before Ash Wednesday . On this day, ‘’’cohuinás,’’’ who are people responsible for organizing and coordinating religious activities in the town, gather before

192-404: Is based on native Zoque traditions that date back to pre-Hispanic times and Christian traditions brought over by the Spanish. It celebrates both the proximity of Holy Week and the resurrection of the land and of life. It begins the Sunday before Ash Wednesday . On this day, ‘’’cohuinás,’’’ who are people responsible for organizing and coordinating religious activities in the town, gather before

216-506: Is low. They raise pigs and domesticated fowl in small quantities to augment their diet. The Zoque also work in the construction industry in the cities. This article draws heavily on the corresponding article in the Spanish-language Misplaced Pages , which was accessed in the version of 19 June 2006. Ocozocoautla de Espinosa Ocozocoautla de Espinosa , colloquially Coita , is a town and municipality in

240-402: Is usually a separate structure from the main house. As with other groups, agriculture is their prime economic activity. The crops vary according to the topography of the terrain. For the most part they raise maize , beans , chiles , and squash . Their commercial crops are coffee, cocoa, peppers, bananas, mamey , sweetsop , and guava . The soil is of poor quality, and therefore the output

264-423: Is worn almost exclusively by women and on special occasions. Some elderly men in remote communities wear white cotton shirts. Women traditionally wear short-sleeved white blouses, with colorfully embroidered open necklines, and long poplin skirts in various colors. More recently, they wear knee-length dresses in various bright colors with white lacy trims. Until recently, it was customary for married women to undress

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288-468: The Nahua language and means ‘forest of ocozote trees’. ‘De Espinosa’ was added in 1928 to honor Raymundo Enríquez Espinosa who was the first governor of the state of Chiapas. Ocozocoautla gained city status in 1926. The climate is warm and humid and the vegetation is mostly high and medium rainforest . As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 82,059, up from 72,426 as of 2005. As of 2010,

312-592: The mestizos and criollos . Not until 1922 when they were assigned ejidos (common lands), did their living conditions improve. In the pre- Hispanic period, the Zoque lived throughout Chiapas, and as far away as the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and parts of the state of Tabasco . In 1494, the Zoque were invaded and defeated by the Aztecs, during the reign of Āhuitzotl , and forced to pay tribute . The Spanish conquest of

336-566: The pre-Hispanic era, the Zoque lived throughout Chiapas , and Isthmus of Tehuantepec and parts of the state of Tabasco . They may have been descendants of the Olmec . They had a good social and commercial relationship with the later Mexica , which contributed to the economic prosperity of their culture in Chiapas. In 1494 during the reign of Ahuizotl , the Aztecs invaded and defeated them, and forced them to pay tribute . The Spanish conquest of

360-613: The Mexican state of Chiapas . It is located in the western part of the state, 24 km west of Tuxtla Gutierrez covering parts of the Depresión Central (Central Depression) and the Montañas del Norte (Northern Mountains). It is bordered to the north by Tecpatán , to the east by Berriozábal , Tuxtla Gutiérrez and Suchiapa , to the south by Villaflores and to the west by Jiquipilas and Cintalapa . The name comes from

384-438: The Zoque lands commenced in 1523, under the leadership of Luis Marin. The Zoque were parceled out among the Spanish settlers, and they endured forced labor and were obliged to pay high tribute. Diseases, exploitation, and the miserable conditions under which they lived contributed to a significant decrease in their numbers. The situation of the Zoque did not improve with Mexican independence, since they continued to be exploited by

408-422: The Zoque lands commenced in 1523, under the leadership of Luis Marin. The Zoque were parceled out amongst the settlers, where they endured forced labor and were obliged to pay high tribute. Diseases, exploitation and the miserable conditions under which they lived contributed to a significant decrease in their numbers. White-rimmed black pottery is characteristic of the Zoque people. The Zoque traditional dress

432-535: The city of Ocozocoautla de Espinosa had a population of 39,180. Other than the city of Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, the municipality had 1,069 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were: Ocuilapa de Juárez (3,921), classified as urban, and Vicente Guerrero (Matamoros) (2,009), Guadalupe Victoria (1,876), Ignacio Zaragoza (El Morro) (1,675), La Independencia (Las Pilas) (1,178), Hermenegildo Galeana (1,068), and Alfonso Moguel (1,022), classified as rural. The carnival of this town

456-478: The monkeys triumph over the tigers with the help of the hunter . Unlike most carnivals, the events do not end at midnight start of Ash Wednesday. On this day, all participants and visitors to the Carnival are purified with a "bath" using "zapoyal", a powder extracted from a yellow pod-shaped fruit. On Thursday, there is a ceremonial "robbery" of the pig’s head that adorned the servant of "el Mahoma". Then there

480-519: The northerly sector of Chiapas state, principally in the municipios and towns of Amatán, Copainalá, Chapultenango, Francisco León, Ixhuatán, Ixtacomitán, Jitotol, Ocotepec, Ostuacán, Pantepec, Rayón, Totolapa, Tapilula, Tecpatán, Acala, Blanca rosa, and Ocozocoautla . They also live in the northern part of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec , in the state of Oaxaca , including the Selva Zoque . In

504-609: The patron saint of the town, Saint John the Baptist to announce the beginning of the carnaval, which is primarily a dance festival. On Monday, a large parade is held for about 3 hours, in which various groups compete for recognition as "best-dressed," "best-organized" etc. They also toss talc and water onto each other no matter how well dressed they happen to be. Then the people greet the cohuinás who receive them with chocolate , 2 types of bread called "pukzinú" (made with cinnamon and squash seeds) and "ponzoquí" (a bread doll cooked on

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528-553: The patron saint of the town, Saint John the Baptist to announce the beginning of the carnaval, which is primarily a dance festival. On Monday, a large parade is held for about 3 hours, in which various groups compete for recognition as "best-dressed," "best-organized" etc. They also toss talc and water onto each other no matter how well dressed they happen to be. Then the people greet the cohuinás who receive them with chocolate , 2 types of bread called "pukzinú" (made with cinnamon and squash seeds) and "ponzoquí" (a bread doll cooked on

552-399: The tigers with the help of the hunter . Unlike most carnivals, the events do not end at midnight start of Ash Wednesday. On this day, all participants and visitors to the Carnival are purified with a "bath" using "zapoyal", a powder extracted from a yellow pod-shaped fruit. On Thursday, there is a ceremonial "robbery" of the pig’s head that adorned the servant of "el Mahoma". Then there is

576-498: The upper half of the body while they worked in the heat. Younger generations of women have become more timid about exposing their breasts. Their houses are mainly rectangular, with one or two rooms. Traditionally the walls were made of adobe, or mud bricks, whitewashed inside and out, and the houses had earthen floors and roofs consisting of four sloping sides of tile or thatch. More recently, they are constructed with concrete blocks, cemented floors, and corrugated iron roofs. The kitchen

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