A web service ( WS ) is either:
28-611: Open Hub or Black Duck Open Hub (formerly Ohloh ) is a website which provides a web services suite and online community platform that aims to index the open-source software development community. It was founded by former Microsoft managers Jason Allen and Scott Collison in 2004 and joined by the developer Robin Luckey. As of 15 January 2016, the site lists 669,601 open-source projects, 681,345 source control repositories, 3,848,524 contributors and 31,688,426,179 lines of code. In 2017, Black Duck Software (the company running
56-506: A network address over the Web with the service always-on as in the concept of utility computing. Many organizations use multiple software systems for management. Different software systems often need to exchange data with each other, and a Web service is a method of communication that allows two software systems to exchange this data over the Internet. The software system that requests data
84-503: A Web service to allow syndication . Another application offered to the end-user may be a mashup , where a Web server consumes several Web services at different machines and compiles the content into one user interface. Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) is a dominant technology for Web services. Developing from the combination of HTTP servers, JavaScript clients and Plain Old XML (as distinct from SOAP and W3C Web Services), now it
112-449: A file called WSDL (Web Services Description Language), which has a .wsdl extension. (Proposals for Autonomous Web Services ( AWS ) seek to develop more flexible Web services that do not rely on strict rules. ) A directory called UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration) defines which software system should be contacted for which type of data. So when one software system needs one particular report/data, it would go to
140-478: A message format and SOAP/HTTP in enveloping and transporting. Functional and non-functional testing of Web services is done with the help of WSDL parsing. Regression testing is performed by identifying the changes made to upgrade software. Web service regression testing needs can be categorized in three different ways, namely, changes in WSDL, changes in the code, and selective re-testing of operations. We can capture
168-420: A network. It has an interface described in a machine-processable format (specifically WSDL ). Other systems interact with the web service in a manner prescribed by its description using SOAP-messages, typically conveyed using HTTP with an XML serialization in conjunction with other web-related standards. W3C Web Services may use SOAP over HTTP protocol, allowing less costly (more efficient) interactions over
196-433: A reduced test suite from the old test suite. Web services testing can also be automated using several test automation tools like SoapUI , Oracle Application Testing Suite (OATS), Unified Functional Testing, Selenium, etc. Work-related to the capture and visualization of changes made to a Web service. Visualization and computation of changes can be done in the form of intermediate artifacts (Subset WSDL). The insight on
224-471: Is a development in Web services where emphasis has been moving to simpler representational state transfer (REST) based communications. Restful APIs do not require XML-based Web service protocols ( SOAP and WSDL) to support their interfaces. In relation to W3C Web services, the W3C defined a Web service as: A web service is a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over
252-571: Is called a service requester , whereas the software system that would process the request and provide the data is called a service provider . Different software may use different programming languages, and hence there is a need for a method of data exchange that doesn't depend upon a particular programming language. Most types of software can, however, interpret XML tags. Thus, Web services can use XML files for data exchange. Rules for communication with different systems need to be defined, such as: All of these rules for communication are defined in
280-467: Is frequently used with JSON as well as, or instead of, XML. Representational State Transfer (REST) is an architecture for well-behaved Web services that can function at Internet scale. In a 2004 document, the W3C sets following REST as a key distinguishing feature of Web services: We can identify two major classes of Web services: There are a number of Web services that use markup languages: A Web API
308-523: Is scaled relatively to the number of project contributors and commits. On 14 January 2014, the team announced a new score, the Project Hotness Score. The PAI shows long-term activity and growth on FOSS projects, but its requirement that there be at least a year of data means that new projects can't be ranked. The Project Hotness Score looks at activity over the past few weeks and evaluates daily activity to identify those projects. By design,
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#1732802235230336-471: The XML , SOAP, WSDL and UDDI open standards over an Internet Protocol backbone. XML is the data format used to contain the data and provide metadata around it, SOAP is used to transfer the data, WSDL is used for describing the services available and UDDI lists what services are available. A Web service is a method of communication between two electronic devices over a network. It is a software function provided at
364-526: The Internet than via proprietary solutions like EDI/B2B. Besides SOAP over HTTP, Web services can also be implemented on other reliable transport mechanisms like FTP . In a 2002 document, the Web Services Architecture Working Group defined a Web services architecture, requiring a standardized implementation of a "Web service." The term "Web service" describes a standardized way of integrating Web-based applications using
392-447: The Project Hotness Score is highly volatile. On 6 April 2016, the team announced Hub 3.0, which streamlined continuous integration and DevOps processes through policy management and rapid scanning capabilities. In 2012, Black Duck Open Hub launched Open Hub Code Search, a free code search engine based on the predecessor Koders . It could search over 21 billion lines of open-source code and filter by language, project or syntax, but
420-584: The SOAP protocol. Automated tools can aid in the creation of a Web service. For services using WSDL, it is possible to either automatically generate WSDL for existing classes (a bottom-up model) or to generate a class skeleton given existing WSDL (a top-down model). Critics of non-RESTful Web services often complain that they are too complex and based upon large software vendors or integrators, rather than typical open source implementations. There are also concerns about performance due to Web services' use of XML as
448-462: The UDDI and find out which other systems it can contact for receiving that data. Once the software system finds out which other systems it should contact, it would then contact that system using a special protocol called SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol). The service provider system would first validate the data request by referring to the WSDL file, and then process the request and send the data under
476-528: The above three needs in three intermediate forms of Subset WSDL, namely, Difference WSDL (DWSDL), Unit WSDL (UWSDL), and Reduced WSDL (RWSDL), respectively. These three Subset WSDLs are then combined to form Combined WSDL (CWSDL) that is further used for regression testing of the Web service. This will help in Automated Web Service Change Management (AWSCM), by performing the selection of the relevant test cases to construct
504-492: The amount of activity for each project. Software stacks (list of software applications used by Black Duck Open Hub's members) and tags are used to calculate the similarity between projects. Global statistics per language measure the popularity of specific programming languages since the early 1990s. Those global statistics across all projects in Black Duck Open Hub have also been used to identify those with
532-581: The computation of change impact is helpful in testing, top-down development and reduce regression testing. AWSCM is a tool that can identify subset operations in a WSDL file to construct a subset WSDL. While UDDI was intended to serve as a service directory and become the means to discovering web services, many vendors discontinued their UDDI solutions or repositories between 2005-2008, including Microsoft, SAP, IBM, among others. A key study published in WWW2008 Conference (Beijing, China) presented
560-499: The development of third-party applications. On 18 January 2013, the team announced a new metric, the Project Activity Indicator (PAI). The PAI combines the number of contributors and the number of commits in an algorithm that weighs more recent activity more heavily than past activity. Activity is normalized so that all projects can be considered and weighed equally one against another; that activity assessment
588-443: The most extensive continuous revision control histories. Contributor statistics are also available, measuring open-source developers' experience as observable in code committed to revision control repositories. Social network features ( kudos ) have been introduced to allow users to rank open-source contributors. A KudoRank for each user and open-source contributor on a scale of 1 to 10 is automatically extracted from all kudos in
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#1732802235230616-575: The site into a major resource for FOSS development. On 18 July 2014, Ohloh became Black Duck Open Hub. In late August 2014, the Black Duck Open Hub's Organizations feature moved out of Beta and into Version 1.0. By retrieving data from revision control repositories (such as CVS , SVN , Git , Bazaar , and Mercurial ), Black Duck Open Hub provides statistics about the longevity of projects, their licenses (including license conflict information) and software metrics such as source lines of code and commit statistics. The codebase history informs about
644-446: The site lists 669,601 open-source projects, 681,345 source control repositories, 3,848,524 contributors and 31,688,426,179 lines of code. On 28 May 2009, Ohloh was acquired by Geeknet , owners of the popular open-source development platform SourceForge . However, Geeknet sold Ohloh to the open-source analysis company Black Duck Software on 5 October 2010. Black Duck integrated Ohloh's functionality with their existing products to advance
672-497: The site) was acquired by Synopsys for $ 565 million, however it was spun out as a separate company again in October 2024. Ohloh is a website that provides a web services suite and online community platform that aims to index the open-source software development community. It was founded by former Microsoft managers Jason Allen and Scott Collison in 2004 and joined by the developer Robin Luckey. As of 15 January 2016,
700-601: The state of SOAP-based web services and concluded that only 63% of the available SOAP-based web services at the time of the study were actually active or can be invoked. The study also found that search engines were becoming an ideal source for searching for web services compared to that of service registries like the UDDI due its design complexity. Koders Koders was a search engine for open source code. It enabled software developers to easily search and browse source code in thousands of projects posted at hundreds of open source repositories . On April 28, 2008, it
728-452: The system. The idea of measuring open-source developers' skills and productivity on the basis of commit statistics or mutual rating has received mixed reactions in technology blogs. Contributor profiles may also contain a contributor supplied email address, and avatars loaded from Gravatar using that email address. On 22 August 2007, a public beta of a web-service API was announced, exposing Black Duck Open Hub's data and reports to promote
756-657: Was announced that Black Duck Software would acquire the Koders assets and technologies although the Koders website will remain as a free resource. On May 19, 2009, Black Duck Software announced that projects from the Microsoft CodePlex open source project hosting site will now be fed automatically into Black Duck’s open source KnowledgeBase repository. The projects also will be searchable through Black Duck’s Koders.com. Koders announced on September 9, 2009 that their search engine now exceed 2.4 billion lines of code;
784-537: Was discontinued in 2016. Web service In a web service, a web technology such as HTTP is used for transferring machine-readable file formats such as XML and JSON. In practice, a web service commonly provides an object-oriented web-based interface to a database server, utilized for example by another web server, or by a mobile app , that provides a user interface to the end-user. Many organizations that provide data in formatted HTML pages will also provide that data on their server as XML or JSON, often through
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