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38-690: In 1252, the Prince-Bishopric of Münster acquired the former County of Ravensberg-Vechta . With the conquest of the former Tecklenburg office of Cloppenburg in 1400, the common history of today's Oldenburg Münsterland in the Lower Chapter of Münster began. In 1668, the Bishop of Münster also gained ecclesiastical sovereignty over Lower Saxony . As a result of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 25 February 1803,

76-415: A decreased percentage compared to earlier periods. Sunday Mass attendance reflects this decline over the course of three decades. Per the diocesan website: in 2005, 13.6% Catholics attended Sunday Mass; in 2004, this was 14.5%. A decade earlier, in 1995, Sunday Mass attendance was about 20% (416,406 churchgoers); in 1985, Sunday Mass attendance was 29.3% (614,839 Catholics); and, in 1975, Sunday Mass attendance

114-549: A loan amounting to 100,000 riksdalers in return for the renewed pledge. This last addition made the new territory, which was entirely separate from the southern part of the bishopric, a compact body subsequently known as "the lower bishopric"; it remained an integral part of the Bishopric of Münster until the Reformation , which somewhat reduced its size. What was left was retained until the secularization. The 12th century

152-403: A very bitter feeling in the city. After his death the majority of the cathedral chapter elected Walram of Moers , brother of Henry and also Archbishop of Cologne, while the city and a minority of the chapter demanded the election of Eric of Hoya , brother of Count John of Hoya . Although the election of Walram was confirmed by the pope, open war for the possession of the see broke out, and Walram

190-468: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Prince-Bishopric of M%C3%BCnster The Prince-Bishopric of Münster ( German : Fürstbistum Münster , Bistum Münster or Hochstift Münster ) was a large ecclesiastical principality in the Holy Roman Empire , located in the northern part of today's North Rhine-Westphalia and western Lower Saxony . From the sixteenth to

228-802: The Catholic Church in Germany . It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Cologne . Bishop Felix Genn is the current bishop of the Diocese of Münster. He was ordained to the priesthood on 11 July 1976 and was appointed to the See of Münster on 19 December 2008. As of 31 December 2006, with 4.336 million adherents or 47.1% of local population, nearly half the inhabitants of the Münster diocese were Catholic; due to continuing secularisation, this

266-580: The Counter-Reformation , invited the Jesuits to aid him, and encouraged the founding of monasteries of the old orders, although he could not repair all the losses. The western part of the Frisian district under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of Münster was transferred, in 1569, to the newly founded bishoprics of Groningen and Deventer , and with them fell into Protestantism. In the same way

304-569: The Duchy of Cleves in 1575, married, and gave up the administration of the bishopric. A long diplomatic battle as to his successor arose between the Catholic and Protestant powers, during which the bishopric was administered by Cleves. The maintenance of Catholicism in the bishopric was assured by the victory of Ernst of Bavaria (1585–1612), who was also Bishop of Freising , Hildesheim , and Liège , and Archbishop of Cologne . He zealously undertook

342-649: The Electorate of Hanover (est. 1692). As with all the other prince-bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire, it is important to distinguish between the Prince-Bishopric of Münster and the Diocese of Münster although both entities were ruled by the same individual. The dioceses were generally larger than the corresponding prince-bishoprics and in the parts that extended beyond the prince-bishopric,

380-641: The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg or the Free State of Oldenburg (since 1919). Since 1946, the Oldenburg Münsterland has belonged to the German state of Lower Saxony and includes the area of the federal districts of Cloppenburg and Vechta . The Oldenburg Münsterland is shaped by a high density of intensive animal farming . Several large companies of the meat industry are headquartered in

418-714: The Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen and of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden in a war with Sweden (taking part in the Bremen-Verden Campaign ), restored church discipline, and established a school system for his territory. He attacked the Dutch Republic in the Franco-Dutch War . Bishop Clemens August of Bavaria (1719–61) was also Elector of Cologne , and Bishop of Paderborn , Hildesheim , and Osnabrück . During his rule,

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456-616: The Protestant Duke of Oldenburg gained state power over the offices of Cloppenburg and Vechta, whose population has remained predominantly Roman Catholic to this day. During the so-called French period (1811–1813), the Oldenburg Münsterland was administered by the French-Hanseatic Département de l'Ems-Supérieur (Department of the Upper Ems). Until 1946, the Oldenburg Münsterland remained part of

494-458: The Government. In place of the university, suppressed in 1818, he was able to open, in 1832, an academy with philosophical and theological faculties. During the episcopate of John Gregory Müller (1847-70), fruitful popular missions were held in many places, many churches were rebuilt, and a large number of religious houses and benevolent institutions were founded with the active assistance of

532-521: The Kampwordeshof, belonged later to the collegiate church of St. Moritz; and the Bispinghof belonged to the bishop. The first bishop was Ludger , who, since the year 787, had been a zealous missionary in five Frisian "hundreds", or districts. As Mimigernaford had been designated the centre of the new district, Ludger built a monastery for canons regular there, from which the place took

570-585: The bishopric suffered heavily during the War of the Polish Succession and the Seven Years' War . His successor, Maximilian Frederick of Königsegg-Rothenfels (1761–84), who was also Elector of Cologne, mostly left the administration of Münster to a young cathedral canon, Franz Friedrich Wilhelm von Fürstenberg , during whose administration the principality attained unparalleled prosperity. However, at

608-581: The city of Münster; but he did little for the restoration of the Faith, and at last joined the Smalkaldic League . William of Ketteler (1553–57) was more Protestant than Catholic: although he regarded himself as an administrator of the old Church, and took the Tridentine oath, he refused to comply with the demands of Rome, and resigned in 1557. Bishop John William of Cleves (1574–85), inherited

646-468: The city. Scarcely any opposition to the innovation was made by the next bishop, Franz von Waldeck (1532–53), who from the first planned to aid the Reformation in his three prince-bishoprics of Münster, Minden , and Osnabrück, in order to form out of these three a secular principality for himself. He was obliged, indeed, for the sake of his endangered authority, to proceed against the Anabaptists in

684-439: The consent of representative bodies of his subjects was necessary. Among these, the cathedral chapter appears early in the 13th century; later, the lower nobility, and, lastly, the city of Münster. In course of time the cathedral chapter extended its rights by agreements made with bishops before election. The temporal power of the see increased greatly during the episcopate of Bishop Otto II, Count of Lippe (1247–59). The city, at

722-645: The ecclesiastical affairs of the diocese even during the short supremacy of the French (1806-13). After his death, in 1810, the administrator was his former coadjutor, Clement Augustus von Droste-Vischering, later Archbishop of Cologne. In the years 1813-15 the diocese was administered, without the authorization of the pope, by Count Ferdinand Augustus von Spiegel, arbitrarily appointed by Napoleon, and to whom Droste-Vischering had given his faculties by subdelegation. The see had been vacant for twenty years when Ferdinand von Lunninck (1821-25), formerly Prince-Bishop of Corvey,

760-488: The eighteenth centuries, it was often held in personal union with one or more of the nearby ecclesiastical principalities of Cologne , Paderborn , Osnabrück , Hildesheim , and Liège . Münster was bordered by the United Provinces to the west, by Cleves , Vest Recklinghausen , and Mark in the south, Paderborn and Osnabrück in the east. In the north and north-east it bordered East Frisia , Oldenburg and

798-540: The election of an auxiliary bishop, von Fürstenberg was defeated by Maximilian Franz of Austria , who later succeeded to both the sees of Münster and Cologne (1784–1801). Maximilian Franz fled Bonn in 1794 at the arrival of French revolutionary troops , who were to remain in permanent occupation of the part of the bishopric located on the left bank of the Rhine. He spent the rest of his life in Vienna, although still nominally

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836-595: The five Frisian hundreds on the lower Ems (Hugmerki, Hunusgau, Fivelgau, Federitgau, and Emsgau). Most of the territory over which the bishop eventually exercised sovereign rights lay north of the River Lippe , extending as far as the upper Ems and the Teutoburg Forest . The most important accession was in 1252, when the see purchased the Countship of Vechta . The country between these new districts

874-488: The name of Münster . Here he lived with his monks according to the rule of Saint Chrodegang of Metz , which in 789 had been made obligatory in the Frankish territories. The territory of the Diocese of Münster was bounded on the west, south, and north-west by the dioceses of Cologne and Utrecht , on the east and north-east by Osnabrück . The diocese also included districts remote from the bulk of its territory, namely,

912-469: The possessions of the Counts of Bentheim-Steinfurt and some other fortified towns passed from the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the bishop. Christoph Bernhard von Galen (1650–78) was equally efficient both as bishop and as secular ruler; he forced the refractory city of Münster, after a long siege, to acknowledge his sovereign rights, succeeded in freeing his territory from foreign troops, gained parts of

950-476: The prince-bishop of Münster. Upon his death, his nephew, Archduke Anton Victor of Austria , succeeded him. He was the last Elector of Cologne and Prince-Bishop of Münster. A secret agreement between France and Prussia on 5 August 1796 had chosen the Prince-Bishopric as the Prussian compensation for the territories on the left bank of the Rhine lost to France. In 1803 the bishopric, with c. 310,000 inhabitants

988-520: The prince-bishop's authority was strictly that of an ordinary bishop and limited to spiritual matters. The Diocese of Münster was founded by Charlemagne towards the end of the Saxon Wars about 795, as a suffragan of Cologne . He gave three large landed estates. These lands, at least in part, lay within the area of the later city. They were called the Brockhof, owned by the cathedral chapter;

1026-582: The region. The PHW Group , the largest German poultry meat producer, has its headquarters in Rechterfeld. The EW Group , the world market leader in poultry breeding and genetics, has its headquarters in Visbek . Further meat industry groups such as the Plukon Food Group and Westfleisch operate industrial meat processing facilities in the region. This Lower Saxony location article

1064-399: The same time, struggled to become independent of the bishop, but was not entirely successful, despite its alliance with the cathedral chapter. In 1252 Countess Jutta von Vechta-Ravensberg sold Meppen to the Bishop of Münster. Even as early as the eleventh century the bishops all belonged to noble families, generally to those possessing lands in the neighbourhood; only too often the bishopric

1102-515: Was 35.1% or 787,582 persons. Over a 30-year period, Sunday Mass attendance declined over 50%. As of 18 July 2013, there were 1,129 priests , 296 permanent deacons , and 2,540 religious in the diocese. The diocese was canonically erected in 800 by Pope Leo III . In 1803 the diocese was secularized by the Imperial Delegates Enactment and broken up into numerous parts. Freiherr von Fürstenberg administered as vicar-general

1140-500: Was a partisan of Frederick Barbarossa . With the overthrow of Henry the Lion , Duke of Saxony , the last obstacle in the way of the complete sovereignty of the bishops was removed, and Hermann appears as a great feudatory of the empire. During the episcopate of his second successor, Dietrich III of Isenberg-Altena (1218–26), the position of the bishop as a prince of the empire was formally acknowledged in 1220 by Frederick II . Hermann II

1178-489: Was acquired later: in 1403 the district about Cloppenburg and Oyte was gained, in 1406 the manorial domain of Ahaus and the castle of Stromberg with its jurisdiction; and in 1429 Wildeshausen in pledge from the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen , renewed by its successor Swedish Bremen-Verden by the Treaty of Nijmegen on 19 March 1679. According to the latter Prince-Bishop Ferdinand II, Baron of Fürstenberg granted Sweden

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1216-572: Was administered for the benefit rather of the bishop's family than of the Church. The bishops were, in consequence, frequently involved in the quarrels of the nobility; ecclesiastical affairs were neglected and the prosperity of the inhabitants of the prince-bishopric suffered. Conditions were at their worst during what is known as the Münster Diocesan Feud (1450–57). The arbitrary conduct of Bishop Henry II of Moers (1424–50) had aroused

1254-439: Was appointed. On account of illness, he left the administration to Jodok Hermann von Zurmühlen, already an old man, whom he made pro-vicar. The succeeding bishop was Kaspar Max, Freiherr von Droste-Vischering (1824-46), who, having been auxiliary bishop of the diocese since 1795, had confirmed many hundreds of thousands and ordained over 2200 priests. His administration was greatly hampered by the petty and far-reaching supervision of

1292-497: Was given the southern part (Oberstift) and the Kingdom of Hanover most of the north (Niederstift), with Oldenburg keeping its acquisitions. Circles est. 1500: Bavarian , Swabian , Upper Rhenish , Lower Rhenish–Westphalian , Franconian , (Lower) Saxon Roman Catholic Diocese of M%C3%BCnster The Diocese of Münster ( Latin : Dioecesis Monasteriensis ) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of

1330-475: Was marked by a considerable growth of the bishops' secular power. In 1173 the right of administering the city passed to the bishop and the cathedral chapter. Bishop Ludwig I, Count of Tecklenburg (1169–73), restored to the see the temporal jurisdiction over its domains previously exercised by the Counts of Tecklenburg . Hermann II, like his immediate predecessors, Frederick II, Count of Are (1152–68), and Ludwig I,

1368-633: Was secularized by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss and broken up into numerous parts. The larger Eastern share was assigned to Prussia , which took possession in March 1803. Oldenburg gained the Northern part ( Vechta and Cloppenburg ). The other parts were given as compensation to former rulers of territories west of the Rhine: Arenberg , Looz-Corswarem , Salm and Croÿ . Within the following years all parts became French. In 1815 Prussia

1406-439: Was the last bishop directly appointed by the emperor . Dissensions arose about the election of his successor, Otto I, Count of Oldenburg (1204–18), and Emperor Otto IV decreed that thenceforward the cathedral chapter alone should elect the bishop. The See of Cologne retained the right of confirmation, and the emperor that of investiture. The bishop's temporal authority was limited in important matters; particularly in taxation,

1444-547: Was unable to gain possession of the city of Münster. In 1457, after his death, a compact was made by which Eric of Hoya received a life income, and the privileges of the city were confirmed, while both parties recognized the new bishop appointed by the pope, John II, Count Palatine of Simmern (1457–66). Under the indolent and thoroughly worldly Frederick III (1522–32), brother of the Archbishop of Cologne, Hermann of Wied , Lutheranism spread rapidly after 1524, especially in

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