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36-453: The first and second generation Vista Cruisers are noted for their fixed-glass, roof-mounted skylights over the second-row seating with sun visors for the second row passengers, a raised roof behind the skylight and lateral glass panels over the rear cargo area along the raised roof, and access to the third row of forward-facing passenger seating was accomplished by a second row split bench seat that retracted forward. Sharing its bodystyle with

72-433: A brand name and simply listed it in sales brochures as "vinyl interior". A marketing campaign of the 1960s and 1970s asserted humorously that Naugahyde was obtained from the skin of an animal called a "Nauga". The claim became an urban myth . The campaign emphasized that, unlike other animals, which must typically be slaughtered to obtain their hides, Naugas can shed their skin without harm to themselves. The Nauga doll,

108-468: A choice of radios, engines and transmissions, cruise control, and a limited slip differential. The listed retail price before options was $ 3,122 ($ 30,671 in 2023 dollars ). Adding optional equipment could add more than $ 735 ($ 7,221 in 2023 dollars ) along with local taxes and license registration fees. In 1964, the Vista Cruiser was one of three station wagons offered by Oldsmobile, the others being

144-516: A roof-mounted fixed unit skylight element, condensing sunlight, distributed by a light conveying optic conduit to a light diffusing element. Being small in diameter, they can be used for daylighting smaller spaces such as hallways , and bounce light in darker corners of spaces. TDDs harvest daylight through a roof-mounted dome with diameters ranging from about 10 inches for residential applications to 22 inches for commercial buildings. Made from acrylic or polycarbonate formulated to block ultraviolet rays,

180-447: A roof. A fixed skylight consists of a structural perimeter frame supporting glazing infill (the light-transmitting portion, which is made primarily of glass or plastic). A fixed skylight is non-operable, meaning there is no ventilation. An operable (venting) unit skylight uses a hinged sash attached to and supported by the frame. When within reach of the occupants, this type is also called a roof window. A retractable skylight rolls (on

216-408: A set of tracks) off the frame, so that the interior of the facility is entirely open to the outdoors, i.e., not impeded by a hinged skylight. The terms retractable skylight and retractable roof are often used interchangeably, though skylight implies a degree of transparency. Active daylighting uses a tubular daylighting device (TDD). Solar tubes, sun tunnels, or tubular skylights consist of

252-508: A single flat venting moonroof over the front row seating. The first-generation Vista Cruiser pioneered a standard raised roof with split skylight that began over the second-row seating, with lateral glass panels over the rear cargo area that was earlier introduced in 1954 on the GMC Scenicruiser Bus . Sun visors for second row passengers, and a third row of forward-facing passenger seating, were available as an option. Access to

288-475: A three-speed column shift and a four-speed floor shift. Beginning in 1966 it revived the long-standing tradition offering optional simulated woodgrain using DI-NOC vinyl wrap appearance. From 1968 to 1972, a 350 cu in (5.7 L) V8 became standard, with a high-output 400 cu in (6.6 L) V8 from the 442 muscle car optional in 1968-69, and a 455 cu in (7.5 L) V8 available from 1970 to 1972. The listed retail price for

324-464: A wheelbase which was 5 inches (127 mm) longer than that of the Cutlass/F-85 sedan. Subsequent Oldsmobile mid-size wagons featured a skylight as did the 1991–92 full-size Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser wagon and the 1991–96 Buick Roadmaster Estate . Reminiscent of earlier models, the third generation Vista Cruiser (1973–1977) featured optional rear-facing third row seating, while incorporating

360-519: Is a disadvantage for comparing and choosing skylights with plastic glazing. Acrylic is the most common plastic glazing used for dome skylights. However, Polycarbonate and Copolyester materials are also used as glazing, where additional properties such as impact resistance may be required. NFRC: rating for visible transmittance U-factor: expresses the heat loss performance of any building assembly. SHGC–Solar Heat Gain Coefficient: measures

396-757: Is more important, and higher SHGC can be justified. In selection of skylights, a balance is sought between low U-factor and optimal SHGC values, while preserving enough daylight supply to minimize artificial light use. Automatic light sensing controls for electric lighting maximize energy savings. A study concluded that students have significantly higher test scores in classrooms that optimize daylighting, than classrooms that do not. Other studies show that daylight positively affects physiological and psychological well-being, which can increase productivity in many contexts, such as sales in retail spaces. In terms of cost savings, U.S. DOE reported that many commercial buildings can reduce total energy costs by up to one-third through

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432-640: Is three to ten times more efficient than sidelighting. Many recent advances in both glass and plastic infill systems have greatly benefited all skylight types. Some advances increase thermal performance, some are focused on preserving and utilizing daylight potential, and some are designed to enhance strength, durability, fire resistance and other performance measures. Contemporary skylights using glass infill (windows) typically use sealed insulating glass units (IGU) made with two panes of glass. These types of products are NFRC-ratable for visible transmittance. Assemblies with three panes can sometimes be cost-justified in

468-482: Is very durable and can be easily maintained by wiping with a damp sponge or cloth. Being a synthetic product, it is supplied in long rolls, allowing large sections of furniture to be covered seamlessly, unlike animal hides . General Motors for several decades used the material in several of its vehicles, with the term "Cordaveen" and later "Madrid-grain vinyl" for Buick , "Morocceen" for Oldsmobile , and "Morrokide" for Pontiac vehicles, while Chevrolet didn't use

504-682: The Buick Sport Wagon , Pontiac Tempest Safari and Chevrolet Chevelle Greenbrier , the Vista Cruiser was introduced on February 4, 1964, as a 1964 model, based on the Oldsmobile Cutlass /F-85 Series. The skylight roof panel was only shared with the Buick Sport Wagon and was not available on the Chevrolet Chevelle or Pontiac Tempest station wagons. Prior to the 1973 model year the Vista Cruiser utilized

540-470: The F-85 station wagon which shared the "A" platform intermediates, and the full-sized GM B platform Dynamic 88 Fiesta . From 1965 Oldsmobile discontinued the full-sized Oldsmobile Dynamic 88 wagon, making the Vista Cruiser the division's longer model; the shorter-wheelbase F-85 station wagon became the entry-level trim package of the Vista Cruiser and was not offered the raised roof skylights. Engines in

576-550: The United States Rubber Company , and is now manufactured and sold by the corporate spin-off Uniroyal Engineered Products LLC. Its name, first used as a trademark in 1936, comes from the name of Naugatuck, Connecticut , where it was first produced. It is now manufactured in Stoughton, Wisconsin . The primary use for Naugahyde is as a substitute for leather in upholstery . In this application it

612-947: The roof space of a building for daylighting and ventilation purposes. Open skylights were used in Ancient Roman architecture , such as the oculus of the Pantheon . Glazed 'closed' skylights have been in use since the Industrial Revolution , when advances in glass manufacturing made them practical. Since the mid-20th century, mass production of skylights has brought them to many more uses and contexts. Energy conservation has brought new motivation for installing skylights, design innovations (including options in light transmission), and skylight efficiency ratings. Skylighting types include roof windows , unit skylights, tubular daylighting devices (TDDs), sloped glazing, and custom skylights. Uses include: An unglazed hole in

648-433: The 1968-69 models, and is essentially regarded a second-generation car (The GM Skywagon Club recognizes the 1970-72 models as "Generation 2a"), many body parts were no longer interchangeable. The dashboard was also completely redesigned. For 1971, Oldsmobile brought back the full-sized Custom Cruiser wagon on a 127.0 in (3,226 mm) wheelbase 98 C-body chassis, featuring GM's disappearing clamshell tailgate, but

684-425: The Vista Cruiser paralleled other Olds intermediates, with a 330 cu in (5.4 L) Rocket V8 offered from 1964 to 1967 producing from 210 to 320 horsepower (160 to 240 kW) depending on year and carburetion. For 1964, Buick's 225 cu in (3.7 L) V6 was the standard engine. Transmission included the two-speed Jetaway automatic transmission and two rarely equipped manual transmissions,

720-413: The Vista Cruiser was the woodgrained version, and the new Cutlass Supreme Cruiser joined the station wagon list for 1974. Despite the shortened wheelbase, three-row seating returned, with the third row direction changed to facing rearward. The "Dual-Action" tailgate was replaced by a one-piece hatchback with a fixed rear window that did not retract into the door. Ventilation to the third row was limited to

756-444: The assembly's transfer of heat from outside to inside that is caused by sunlight. These properties are labeled in the U.S. as a decimal between zero and one, with lower numbers indicating lower heat transfer rates. Depending on the geographic region, optimal U-factor and SHGC performance will vary. In the sunny southern climate zones, a lower SHGC is more important than lower U-factor. In the cooler northern climate zones, lower U-factor

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792-585: The cargo area where the optional, folding third row seat was stored. The upholstery was available in cloth or Morocceen vinyl. Additional optional items included power brakes, power steering, air conditioning, power extending radio antenna, electric clock, cruise control, wire wheel hubcaps, tissue dispenser, courtesy interior lighting, GuideMatic headlamp control, Twilight Sentinel automatic headlights, rooftop luggage carrier, floor mats, several AM/FM radio selections including an 8 track tape player, and decorative door edge guards. Transmission offerings through

828-464: The coldest climate zones, but they lose some light by adding the third layer of glass. Glass units typically include at least one low emissivity (Low-E) coating applied to one or more glass surfaces to reduce the U-factor and especially SHGC by suppressing radiant heat flow. Many varieties of Low-E coatings also reduce daylight potential to different degrees. High purity inert gas is frequently used in

864-490: The dome captures and redirects light rays into an aluminum tubing system that resembles ductwork. Sloped glazing differs from other "skylights" in that one assembly contains multiple infill panels in a framing system, usually designed for a specific project and installed in sections on site. Pavement lights are walk-on skylights. They are set into sidewalks, open areas, and well-lit interior floors as laylights . Prism lights are sometimes used as skylights; they redirect

900-620: The eight passenger 1968 version before options was $ 3,508 ($ 30,736 in 2023 dollars ). A major restyling of the GM A-body car line for 1968 replaced the split skylight with a one-piece unit, stretched the wheelbase to 121 in (3,073 mm), and included windshield wipers recessed below the hood line. Standard equipment included dual master brake cylinder, four-way emergency hazard lights, padded dashboard, reverse indication lights, chrome hubcaps and seat belts, with an additional folding second row seat and lockable underfloor storage compartment in

936-417: The glass-roofed Vista Cruiser continued until 1972. A small number of 1972 Vista Cruisers were modified by Hurst Performance for support car duties at the 1972 Indianapolis 500 , joining the 1972 Hurst/Olds official pace car. Both were equipped with 455 cu in (7.5 L) Rocket V8. Two modified Vista Cruisers are known to survive as of 2012, a press car and a medical director's car. As of 2012,

972-705: The light passing through. Solar architecture means designing buildings to use the sun's heat and light to maximum advantage and minimum disadvantage, especially in the sense of harnessing solar power. Skylights are widely used in designing daylighting for residential, public, and commercial buildings. Increased daylighting can result in less electrical lighting use and smaller sized window glazing (sidelighting), saving energy, lowering costs, and reducing environmental impacts. Daylighting can cut lighting energy use in some buildings by up to 80%. Toplighting (skylights) works well with sidelighting (windows) to maximize daylighting: Even on overcast days, toplighting from skylights

1008-408: The loss of the front door vent windows. A pop-up sunroof over the front seats was optional. A 1969 Aztec Gold Vista Cruiser was a key component of That '70s Show , with the pilot of the series revolving around Red Forman 's decision to pass the car down to his son, Eric Forman . The car would remain a fixture through the series' eight-season run, with many key scenes occurring on or in the car. In

1044-562: The medical director's car is owned by a relative of Ray Harroun , the winner of the first Indianapolis 500 in 1911. For 1973, the GM A-body intermediate platform was completely redesigned and the separate wheelbase used by the Vista Cruiser and Buick Sport Wagon eliminated; all A-body wagons were now built on the 116-inch sedan wheelbase. While its Buick counterpart was replaced with the Buick Century Estate station wagon,

1080-403: The optimal use of daylighting. The majority of commercial warehouses and 'big box stores' built in recent years have used skylights extensively for energy/costs savings. Morocceen Naugahyde is an American brand of artificial leather . Naugahyde is a composite knit fabric backing and expanded polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coating. It was developed by Byron A. Hunter, a senior chemist at

1116-464: The second row side windows. Standard equipment was updated to include a 350 cu in (5.7 L) Rocket V8 , the three-speed Turbo Hydramatic transmission, power brakes with front discs instead of drums, power steering, cigarette lighter, windshield-embedded radio antenna, interior hood release, fiberglass noise insulation installed on the inside of the engine hood cover, and the availability of Morocceen vinyl upholstery. The listed retail price

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1152-411: The sequel series That '90s Show , Red gives the car to Eric and Donna's daughter, Leia for her 15th birthday. In 2016, Rod Authority named Eric's Vista Cruiser #22 on their list of the 50 greatest television automobiles. Skylight A skylight (sometimes called a rooflight ) is a light-permitting structure or window, usually made of transparent or translucent glass, that forms all or part of

1188-632: The space(s) between panes, and advances in thermally efficient glass spacing and supporting elements can further improve thermal performance of glass-glazed skylight assemblies. Plastic glazing infill is commonly used in many skylights and TDDs. These assemblies typically contain thermally formed domes, but molded shapes are not uncommon. Domed skylights are typically used on low slope roofs. The dome shape allows for shedding of water and burning embers. Plastics used in skylights are UV stabilized and may feature other advances to improve thermal properties. Lack of accepted standards for measuring light transmittance

1224-508: The third row was gained by a split-folding second row seat that could be retracted forward. The Vista Cruiser was available as the standard or Custom trim package, and included as standard equipment a coil spring suspension, three-speed manual transmission, self-adjusting brakes with an air scoop, and an aluminized exhaust. Cloth or " Morocceen " vinyl upholstery was offered. Optional equipment included power brakes, power steering, air conditioning, power adjustable front bench seat, two-tone paint,

1260-553: The years included one of two automatics —the two-speed Jetaway (1968) or three-speed Turbo Hydramatic (1968–72), or very rarely, a standard three-speed manual with column shift or optional four-speed manual with floor-mounted Hurst shifter borrowed from the Oldsmobile 442 . In 1969, the "Dual-Action" tailgate was introduced as an option on two-row models and standard equipment on three-row. In 1970, an exterior redesign sharpened edges and curves. Although it closely resembled

1296-445: Was $ 3,901 before optional equipment ($ 26,775 in 2023 dollars ), which included sport mirrors, Super Stock wheels, full instrumentation gauges, several AM/FM radio to include stereo options, power door locks, the 455-cubic-inch (7.5 L) Rocket V8 optional through 1976, replaced the following year by a 403-cubic-inch (6.6 L) Rocket V8, and vinyl roof. The model's distinctive skylights gave way to boxy "Colonnade" styling, including

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