7th Infantry Division
100-425: [REDACTED] 10th Mountain Division [REDACTED] US Navy [REDACTED] 6th Canadian Infantry Division [REDACTED] 34,000 Operation Cottage was a tactical maneuver which completed the Aleutian Islands campaign . On August 15, 1943, Allied military forces landed on Kiska Island , which had been occupied by Japanese forces since June 1942. However, the Japanese had secretly abandoned
200-481: A Medal of Honor recipient. The drafted men assigned to the division chiefly came from Illinois , Kansas , Missouri , Nebraska , and South Dakota , although there were also small contingents from the United States at large. The division consisted of a headquarters, headquarters troop, the 19th Infantry Brigade (41st and 69th Infantry Regiments), the 20th Infantry Brigade (20th and 71st Infantry Regiments),
300-567: A counteroffensive by the German forces . The division resumed its attack on 14 April, attacking Torre Iussi and Rocca Roffeno to the north of Mount Della Spe. On 17 April, it broke through the German defenses, which allowed it to advance into the Po Valley area. It captured Mongiorgio on 20 April and entered the valley, seizing the strategic points Pradalbino and Bomporto . The 10th crossed
400-634: A friendly fire incident occurred, which left 28 Americans and 4 Canadians dead, with 50 wounded on either side. Progress was also hampered by mines, timed bombs, accidental ammunition detonations, vehicle accidents and booby traps that caused further casualties. A stray Japanese sea mine caused the USS ; Abner Read (DD-526) to lose a large chunk of its stern. The blast killed 71 and wounded 47 personnel. 10th Mountain Division (United States) The 10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry)
500-593: A prisoner of war camp for captured Italian and German troops. Some were allowed to work on area farms during their internment. Of prisoners who died here, one Italian and six Germans are buried in the Sheepfold Cemetery near Remington Pond. Pine Camp was renamed as Camp Drum in 1951, named after Lieutenant General Hugh A. Drum , who was chief of staff of the First United States Army during World War I and First Army commander at
600-661: A 10th Division during World War I in July 1918 at Camp Funston , Kansas. It was redesignated the Panama Canal Division after the war and shares no connection with the 10th Mountain Division activated during World War II . This 10th Division was made up of Regular Army and National Army troops. It was commanded by Major General Leonard Wood , formerly the Chief of Staff of the United States Army and
700-483: A cost of $ 1.3 billion. On 4 June 1985, the identity of a roundout brigade was announced that would be composed of Army National Guard battalions. Units from the New York Army National Guard from central and northern New York under the 27th Infantry Brigade made the roundout brigade. On 28 June 1985, the 76th Engineer Battalion was inactivated. In 2013 Fort Drum was being considered for
800-584: A distinguished veteran of World War I . On January 4, 1945 he received a promotion to major general. The division sailed for the Italian front in two parts, with the 86th Infantry and support leaving Camp Patrick Henry , Virginia on 11 December 1944 aboard the SS Argentina and arriving in Naples , Italy on 22 December. The 85th and 87th Infantry left Hampton Roads, Virginia on 4 January 1945 aboard
900-469: A hospital. Construction workers suffered during this period, as the winter of 1941-42 was one of the coldest in North Country history. The three divisions to train at Pine Camp included the 4th Armored Division (Gen. Creighton Abrams was a battalion commander there at the time), the 45th Infantry Division (United States) , and the 5th Armored Division . During the war, the post also served as
1000-523: A household in the CDP was $ 31,699, and the median income for a family was $ 31,202. Males had a median income of $ 19,779 versus $ 19,401 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $ 13,395. About 6.3% of families and 6.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 6.8% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over. Fort Drum is made up of 107,265 acres (434 km ). There are both on-post and off-post jobs and housing associated with
1100-776: A location for formal military receptions. Today the mansion is used to house high ranking visitors, which has encouraged the continued upkeep of the mansion. The LeRay Mansion is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . With the outbreak of World War II in Europe, Pine Camp was selected by the Army for a major expansion. An additional 75,000 acres (30,000 ha) of land was purchased, displacing 525 local families. Five entire villages were eliminated, while others were reduced from one-third to one-half their size. Three thousand buildings, including 24 schools, six churches and
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#17327726846171200-474: A low altitude and hot climate was thought necessary to prepare for this training. On 6 November 1944, the 10th Division was redesignated the 10th Mountain Division . That same month, the blue and white "Mountain" tab was authorized for the division's new shoulder sleeve insignia . Also in November, the division received a new commander, Brigadier General George Price Hays , a Medal of Honor recipient and
1300-537: A one-year rest, the headquarters of the 10th Mountain Division was deployed to Iraq for the first time in April 2008. The division headquarters served as the command element for southern Baghdad until late March 2009, when it displaced to Basrah to replace departing British forces on 31 March 2009 to coordinate security for the Multinational Division-South area of responsibility, a consolidation of
1400-596: A peacekeeping force to support the ongoing operation within the Multi-National Division-North area of responsibility in Bosnia and Herzegovina . Selected division units began deploying in late summer, approximately 3,000 division soldiers deployed. After successfully performing their mission in Bosnia, the division units conducted a transfer of authority, relinquishing their assignments to soldiers of
1500-473: A post office, were abandoned. By Labor Day 1941, 100 tracts of land were taken over. Contractors went to work, and in a period of 10 months at a cost of $ 20 million, an entire city was built to house the divisions scheduled to train at Pine Camp. Eight hundred buildings were constructed, including 240 barracks, 84 mess halls, 86 storehouses, 58 warehouses, 27 officers' quarters, 22 headquarters buildings, and 99 recreational buildings, as well as guardhouses and
1600-651: Is a light infantry division in the United States Army based at Fort Drum , New York. Formerly designated as a mountain warfare unit, the division was the only one of its size in the US military to receive specialized training for fighting in mountainous conditions. More recently, the 10th Mountain has advised and assisted Iraqi Security Forces in Iraq and People's Defense Units in Syria . Originally activated as
1700-535: Is now spelled), where it developed Madison Barracks , a base for artillery units. In 1908, Major General Frederick Dent Grant was sent to the Pine Camp region to train with 2,000 regulars and 8,000 militia. Grant, the son of Ulysses S. Grant , former United States president and Civil War general, found Pine Plains to be ideal for military exercises. In 1909 the military allocated funds to purchase land to form Pine Camp, and summer training continued here through
1800-606: The 101st Airborne Division , as part of a new buildup of US forces in that country. The brigade was responsible for expanding forward operating bases and combat outposts (COPs) in the region, as well as strengthening US military presence in preparation for additional US forces to arrive. The 1st Brigade Combat Team was scheduled to deploy to Iraq in late 2009 but deployed instead to Afghanistan in March 2010 for 13 months. 1-87th Infantry deployed to Kunduz and Baghlan Provinces, establishing remote combat outposts (COPs) against
1900-904: The 101st Airborne Division . During this deployment, 3rd BCT mainly occupied forward operating bases (FOBs) and combat outposts (COPs) in the Maywand , Zhari , and Arghandab Districts of Kandahar Province. The brigade was redeployed to Fort Drum in March 2012 after a twelve-month deployment. The 4th Brigade Combat Team deployed to Regional Command East, under the 101st Airborne Division from October 2010 until their redeployment in October 2011. The 4th BCT deployed to both Wardak and Logar provinces. During this deployment, they went to places such as Chakh Valley in Wardak Province and Charkh Valley in Logar Province in search of elements of
2000-528: The 10th Light Division (Alpine) in 1943, the division was redesignated the 10th Mountain Division in 1944 and fought in the mountains of Italy in some of the roughest terrain in World War II . On 5 May 1945, the division reached Nauders , Austria, just beyond the Reschen Pass , where it made contact with German forces being pushed south by the U.S. Seventh Army . A status quo was maintained until
2100-428: The 10th Mountain Division . Fort Drum consists of 107,265 acres (434.09 km ). In the region, winter temperatures can reach as low as −30 °F (−34 °C). Its mission includes command of active component units assigned to the installation, providing administrative and logistical support to tenant units, support to active and reserve units from all services in training at Fort Drum, and planning and support for
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#17327726846172200-469: The 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team which was rerouted from Iraq. In the winter of 2006, the 10th Aviation Brigade, 10th Mountain Division, was deployed again to Afghanistan to support Operation Enduring Freedom as the only aviation brigade in the theater, stationed at Bagram Air Base , Afghanistan. Named "Task Force Falcon," the brigade's mission was to conduct aviation operations to destroy insurgents and anti-coalition militia in an effort to help build
2300-587: The 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division was activated for the first time. In January 2005, the 4th Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division was activated at Fort Polk , Louisiana . 2nd Brigade Combat Team would not be transformed until September 2005, pending a deployment to Iraq . In late 2004, the 2nd Brigade Combat Team was deployed to Iraq supporting Operation Iraqi Freedom . The 2nd Brigade Combat Team undertook combat operations in western Baghdad , an area of responsibility that included Abu Ghraib , Mansour , and Route Irish . It returned to
2400-414: The 49th Armored Division , Texas National Guard . By early summer 2000, all 10th Mountain Division soldiers had returned safely to Fort Drum. During the 2000 presidential election , the readiness of the 10th Mountain Division became a political issue when George W. Bush asserted that the division was "not ready for duty." He attributed the division's low readiness to the frequent deployments throughout
2500-679: The Afghan National Security Force 's capability and allow the Afghan government to increase its capabilities. In addition, the Task Force provided logistical and combat support for International Security Assistance Force forces throughout the country. The 3rd Brigade Combat Team was slated to deploy to Iraq in 2009, but that deployment was rerouted. In January 2009, the 3rd BCT instead deployed to Kunar , Logar and Wardak Provinces, eastern Afghanistan to relieve
2600-527: The Albanian mountains during the Greco-Italian War . The Italian military had lost a disastrous 25,000 men in the campaign because of their lack of preparedness to fight in the mountains. On 22 October 1941, General Marshall decided to form the first battalion of mountain warfare troops for a new mountain division. The Ski Patrol would assist in its training. On 8 December 1941, the day after
2700-603: The Armistice with Germany in November 1918 which ended hostilities, the rest of the division did not go overseas and was demobilized in February 1919. In November 1939, two months after World War II broke out in Europe, during the Soviet Union's invasion of Finland , Red Army efforts were frustrated following the destruction of two armored divisions by Finnish soldiers on skis . The conflict caught global attention as
2800-766: The British Eighth Army in preventing further westward movement of ground forces from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . Originally, the division was to be sent to the Pacific theater to take part in Operation Downfall , the invasion of mainland Japan , as one of the primary assault forces. However, Japan surrendered in August 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki . The division returned to
2900-780: The Canadian Fusiliers ; the Winnipeg Grenadiers ; the Rocky Mountain Rangers ; and the Saint John Fusiliers . The invasion also involved the first combat deployment of the First Special Service Force , an elite special forces unit consisting of American and Canadian commandos . Both U.S. and Canadian forces mistook each other, after a Canadian soldier shot at U.S. lines believing they were Japanese, and
3000-505: The Cold War , the division was organized as follows: In 1990, the division sent 1,200 soldiers to support Operation Desert Storm . Two infantry platoons from the division were among those sent: 1st Platoon Bravo Company 1/22 and the 1/22 Scout Platoon. Once in Iraq, the scouts were sent home and First Platoon was left as a counterintelligence force. Performing three-man 24hr patrols through
3100-568: The Combined Forces Land Component Command (CFLCC) (Forward). This command served as the representative for Lieutenant General Paul T. Mikolashek , the Third US Army/CFLCC commanding general (CG) in the theater of operations. As such, Hagenbeck's headquarters was responsible for commanding and controlling virtually all Coalition ground forces and ground force operations in the theater, including
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3200-722: The Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif , and the Battle of Qala-i-Jangi . These 1-87th Infantry soldiers became the first US conventional forces to fight in Afghanistan. The division also participated in fighting in the Shahi Khot Valley in 2002. In June 2002, elements of the 82nd Airborne Division arrived to relieve CJTF Mountain, and in September, Major General John R. Vines and his Combined Task Force 82 relieved CJTF Mountain as
3300-543: The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the subsequent American entry into World War II, the army activated its first mountain unit, the 87th Mountain Infantry Battalion (which was later expanded to the 87th Infantry Regiment ) at Fort Lewis , Washington , south of Tacoma . It was the first mountain warfare unit in U.S. military history. The National Ski Patrol took on the unique role of recruiting for
3400-614: The M29 Weasel , and winter weather gear, such as white camouflage and skis specifically designed for the division. The division practiced its rock climbing skills in preparation for the invasion of Italy on the challenging peaks of Seneca Rocks in West Virginia . On 22 June 1944, the division was shipped to Camp Swift, Texas , to prepare for maneuvers in Louisiana , which were later canceled. A period of acclimation to
3500-495: The Multinational Force and Observers ( Sinai Peninsula ). Since 2002, the 10th Mountain Division has been the most deployed regular Army unit. Its combat brigades have seen over 20 deployments, to both Iraq and Afghanistan , in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom . It took the nickname The Tenth Legion while deployed in Afghanistan in late 2001 into 2002. The U.S. Army organized
3600-657: The North Country from the early 19th century, prior to the War of 1812. In 1809 the United States stationed a company of infantry soldiers at what was then called Sackett's Harbor to enforce the Embargo Act and control smuggling between northern New York and Canada , particularly Kingston, Ontario . Following the outbreak of the War of 1812 , Sacketts Harbor became the center of United States naval and military activity for
3700-533: The Po River at San Benedetto Po on 23 April, reaching Verona 25 April, and ran into heavy opposition at Torbole and Nago . After an amphibious crossing of Lake Garda , it secured Gargnano and Porto di Tremosine , on 30 April, as German resistance in Italy ended. The awarding winning documentary 2023 The Lost Mountaineers and chronicles the last days of actions for the 10th Mountain Division and focuses on
3800-515: The Rocky Mountain and northern states , close to the 45th parallel north ), to fill out the remainder of the division. This lowered morale, and the division faced many difficulties in the new training, which had no established army doctrine. The 10th Light Division was centered on regimental commands; the 85th , 86th , and 87th Infantry Regiments . Also assigned to the division were the 604th, 605th, and 616th Field Artillery Battalions,
3900-544: The SS West Point and arrived on 13 January 1945. By 6 January, its support units were preparing to head to the front lines. It was attached to Major General Willis D. Crittenberger 's IV Corps , part of the American Fifth Army , commanded by Lieutenant General Lucian Truscott . By 8 January, the 86th Infantry had moved to Bagni di Lucca near Mount Belvedere in preparation for an offensive by
4000-707: The Vietnam War . The division began a gradual reduction of forces in Somalia in February 1994, until the last soldiers of the 2nd Battalion, 22nd Infantry returned to the United States in March 1994. The division formed the nucleus of the Multinational Force Haiti (MNF Haiti) and Joint Task Force 190 (JTF 190) in Haiti during Operation Uphold Democracy . More than 8,600 of the division's troops deployed during this operation. On 19 September 1994,
4100-469: The 100 square miles (260 km ) the Army had leased for its war games. The maneuvers were judged to be a success, and the War Department purchased an additional 9,000 acres (3,600 ha) of land. The LeRay Mansion , built in the early 19th century, was named after James LeRay de Chaumont. Throughout the years the mansion served as a post commander's quarters, visiting dignitaries' quarters and
Operation Cottage - Misplaced Pages Continue
4200-418: The 10th Mountain Division assumed responsibility for Hurricane Andrew disaster relief as Task Force Mountain. Division soldiers set up relief camps, distributed food, clothing, medical necessities, and building supplies, as well as helping to rebuild homes and clear debris. The last of the 6,000 division soldiers deployed to Florida returned home in October 1992. On 3 December 1992, the division headquarters
4300-597: The 10th Mountain Division for being unprepared due to lack of training, low physical fitness, unprepared leadership, and low morale. He said the division was no longer capable of mountain warfare. Following the 11 September 2001 attacks , elements of the division, including its special troops battalion and 1st Battalion, 87th Infantry Regiment (1-87th) infantry deployed to Afghanistan as part of Operation Enduring Freedom in late 2001. The division headquarters arrived at Karshi-Khanabad Air Base , under Major General Franklin L. Hagenbeck , on 12 December 2001 to function as
4400-434: The 110th Signal Company, the 710th Ordnance Company, the 10th Quartermaster Company, the 10th Reconnaissance Troop, the 126th Engineer Battalion, the 10th Medical Battalion, and the 10th Counterintelligence Corps Detachment. The 10th Light Division was unique in that it was the only division in the army with three field artillery battalions instead of four. It was equipped with vehicles specialized in snow operation, such as
4500-565: The 1990s without time in between for division elements to retrain and refit. A report from the US General Accounting Office in July 2000 also noted that although the entire 10th Mountain Division was not deployed to the contingencies at once, "deployment of key components—especially headquarters—makes these divisions unavailable for deployment elsewhere in case of a major war". Conservative think tank The Heritage Foundation agreed with these sentiments, charging that
4600-634: The 1st Brigade conducted the Army's first air assault from aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower . This force consisted of 54 helicopters and almost 2,000 soldiers. They occupied the Port-au-Prince International Airport . This was the largest Army air operation conducted from a carrier since the Doolittle Raid in World War II. The division's mission was to create a secure and stable environment so
4700-463: The 28th, 29th, and 30th Machine Gun Battalions, the 10th Field Artillery Brigade (28th, 29th, and 30th Field Artillery Regiments and 10th Trench Mortar Battery), the 210th Engineer Regiment, the 210th Field Signal Battalion, and the 10th Train Headquarters and Military Police (Ammunition, Engineer, Sanitary, and Supply Trains). The division's advance detachment reached Brest, France , but due to
4800-531: The 41st). The army, prompted by fears that its standing force would not perform well in the event of a winter attack on the Northeastern coast , as well as knowledge that the German Army already had three mountain warfare divisions known as Gebirgsjäger , approved the concept for a division. This required an overhaul of U.S. military doctrine, as the concept of winter warfare had not been tested in
4900-421: The 4th Brigade Combat Team deployed to Afghanistan in 2005, staying in the country until 2006. The division and brigade served in the eastern region of the country, along the border with Pakistan , fulfilling a similar role as it did during its previous deployment. During this time, the deployment of the brigade was extended along with that of the 4th Brigade, 82nd Airborne Division . It was eventually replaced by
5000-561: The 85th Regiment, Col. Clarence M. Tomlinson the 86th, and Col. David M. Fowler the 87th. Preliminary defensive actions in mid-February were followed by Operation Encore , a series of attacks in conjunction with troops of the 1st Brazilian Infantry Division , to dislodge the Germans from their artillery positions in the Northern Apennines on the border between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna regions, in order to make possible
5100-477: The 87th Infantry Regiment and later the division, becoming the only civilian recruiting agency in military history. Army planners favored recruiting experienced skiers for the unit instead of trying to train standing troops in mountain warfare, so Dole recruited from schools, universities, and ski clubs for the unit. The 87th trained in harsh conditions, including Mount Rainier 's 14,411-foot (4,392 m) peak, throughout 1942 as more recruits were brought in to form
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#17327726846175200-711: The Allied advance over the Po Valley . While the Brazilian division was in charge of taking Monte Castello and Castelnuovo di Vergato , the 10th Mountain Division was responsible for the Mount Belvedere area, climbing nearby Riva Ridge during the night of 18 February and attacking Mount Della Torraccia on 20 February. These peaks were cleared after four days of heavy fighting, as Axis troops launched several counterattacks in these positions. In early March,
5300-524: The Army's light infantry divisions (specifically, the 10th Mountain Division ). According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP portion of Fort Drum has a total area of 14.42 square miles (37.35 km ), of which 14.33 square miles (37.11 km ) are land and 0.093 square miles (0.24 km ), or 0.65%, are water. The military reservation occupies a large tract in the eastern part of Jefferson County, including parts of
5400-540: The CDP was 64.2% White, 19.8% African American, 0.8% Native American, 2.4% Asian, 0.7% Pacific Islander, 7.6% from other races, and 4.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.3% of the population. There were 2,253 households, of which 75.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 91.9% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 2.2% were non-families. Of all households, 2.0% were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who
5500-401: The Fifth Army to capture the mountain along with surrounding high ground, which allowed the Axis to block advances to Po Valley . Starting 14 January, the division began moving to Pisa as part of the Fifth Army massing for this attack. By 20 January, all three of the 10th's regiments were on or near the front line between the Serchio Valley and Mt. Belvedere. Col. Raymond C. Barlow commanded
5600-399: The Haqqani Network. In May 2013, the brigade deployed again to Afghanistan returning home in February 2014. Fort Drum Fort Drum is a U.S. Army military reservation and a census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson County , near the western border of northern New York , United States. The population of the CDP portion of the base was 12,955 at the 2010 census. It is home to
5700-509: The Taliban after they had taken control of these provinces over the last several years. Notably, elements of the regiment were responsible for numerous large-scale engagements, including The Battle of Shahabuddin and securing a High-Value Target (HVT) after an air assault raid. Some elements of the Brigade deployed to Afghanistan in late January 2013 to Ghazni Provence for nine months. The 3rd Brigade Combat Team deployed to Kandahar Province, southern Afghanistan in March 2011, again relieving
5800-553: The US in late 2005. Around that time, the 1st Brigade Combat Team deployed back to Iraq, staying in the country until 2006. The next time the 1st Brigade Combat Team was deployed was during the Surge for 15 months in Iraq. Northern Iraq was the theater of operations for 1 BCT from August 2007 until November 2008. The 4th BCT operated in Northeast Baghdad under the 4th Infantry Division headquarters from November 2007 until January 2009. The 10th Mountain participated in larger-scale operations, such as Operation Phantom Phoenix . After
5900-524: The US military overall was not prepared for war due to post- Cold War drawdowns of the US Military. The Army responded that, though the 10th Mountain Division had been unprepared following its deployment as Task Force Eagle, that the unit was fully prepared for combat by late 2000 despite being undermanned. Still, the Army moved the 10th Mountain Division down on the deployment list, allowing it time to retrain and refit. In 2002, columnist and highly decorated military veteran David Hackworth again criticized
6000-529: The US two days later. It was demobilized and inactivated on 30 November 1945 at Camp Carson , Colorado. During World War II, the 10th Mountain Division suffered 992 killed in action and 4,154 wounded in action in 114 days of combat. Soldiers of the division were awarded one Medal of Honor ( John D. Magrath ), three Distinguished Service Crosses , one Distinguished Service Medal , 449 Silver Star Medals , seven Legion of Merit Medals, 15 Soldier's Medals , and 7,729 Bronze Star Medals . The division itself
6100-437: The Upper St. Lawrence River valley and Lake Ontario . A major shipyard was developed there and twelve warships were completed. The town was rapidly flooded with troops and some 3,000 skilled workers for the navy shipyard, most of whom came from New York City. During the 1830s and 1840s, the Lower Canada Rebellion in Canada prompted a new round of military preparations. The United States purchased land in Sackets Harbor (as it
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#17327726846176200-468: The army since 1914. At first, planners envisioned ten mountain divisions, but personnel shortages revised the goal to three. Eventually, the 10th Mountain Division would be the only one brought to active duty. Military leaders continued to express concern about the feasibility of a division-sized mountain warfare unit until the fall of 1941, when they received reports that Greek mountain troops had held back superior numbers of unprepared Italian troops in
6300-464: The country. The brigade's mission at that time focused on close air support , medevac missions, and other duties involving combat with Taliban and Al-Qaeda forces in the country. The 10th Mountain Division was the first unit to introduce contract working dogs into southern Afghanistan. In the spring of 2004, they had Patriot K-9 Services supply 20 dog teams based at KAF. The teams were trained to detect explosives and perform patrol duties throughout
6400-436: The death of 25 soldiers from the 10th Mountain Division who drowned at Lake Garda on the night of April, 30, 1945 when their amphibious craft (DUKW) sank. After the German surrender in Italy on 2 May 1945, the division went on security duty. On 5 May 1945 the division reached Nauders , Austria, just beyond the Reschen Pass , where it made contact with German forces being pushed south by the U.S. Seventh Army . A status quo
6500-459: The division fought its way north of Canolle and moved to within 15 miles (24 km) of Bologna . On 5 March, while Brazilian units captured Castelnuovo, the 85th and the 87th Infantry took respectively Mount Della Spe and Castel D'Aiano , cutting the Axis routes of resupply and communication into the Po Valley, setting the stage for the next Fifth Army offensive. The division maintained defensive positions in this area for three weeks, anticipating
6600-497: The division had trained 123,000 new Army recruits at Fort Riley. In 1954, the division was converted to a combat division once again, though it did not regain its "Mountain" status. Using equipment from the deactivating 37th Infantry Division , the 10th Infantry Division was deployed to Germany, replacing the 1st Infantry Division at Würzburg , serving as part of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) defensive force. The division served in Germany for four years, until it
6700-445: The division maintained a strategy of small units moving through remote regions of the country to interact directly with the population and drive out insurgents. The 1st Brigade also undertook a number of humanitarian missions. In 2003 and into 2004, the division's aviation brigade deployed for the first time to Afghanistan . As the only aviation brigade in the theater, the brigade provided air support for all US Army units operating in
6800-639: The division was designated the 10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry) to historically tie it to the World War II division and to also better describe its modern disposition. Since its reactivation, the division or elements of the division have deployed numerous times. The division has participated in Operation Desert Storm ( Saudi Arabia ), Hurricane Andrew disaster relief ( Homestead, Florida ), Operation Restore Hope and Operation Continue Hope ( Somalia ), Operation Uphold Democracy ( Haiti ), Operation Joint Forge ( Bosnia and Herzegovina ), Operation Joint Guardian ( Kosovo ), and several deployments as part of
6900-496: The division. Initial training was conducted by Olympian Rolf Monsen . A new garrison was built for the division in central Colorado at Camp Hale , at an elevation of 9,200 feet (2,800 m) above sea level . The 10th Light Division (Alpine) was constituted on 10 July 1943 and activated five days later at Camp Hale under the command of Brigadier General Lloyd E. Jones , with Brigadier General Frank L. Culin Jr. assigned as his assistant division commander (ADC). At
7000-441: The division. The 1st Brigade, 10th Mountain Division (commanded by then Colonel John M. Keane , later 4-Star General and Army Vice Chief of Staff) and Division Artillery were activated at Fort Drum, while the 2nd Brigade, 10th Mountain Division was activated at Fort Benning , moving to Fort Drum in 1988. The division was also assigned a round-out brigade from the Army National Guard , the 27th Infantry Brigade . The division
7100-480: The enemy headquarters involved had completed their surrender to the Seventh. On 6 May, 10th Mountain troops met the 44th Infantry Division of Seventh Army. Following the war, the division was deactivated, only to be reactivated and redesignated as the 10th Infantry Division in 1948. The division first acted as a training division and, in 1954, was converted to a full combat division and sent to Germany before being deactivated again in 1958. Reactivated again in 1985,
7200-521: The food emergency and factional fighting decreased. When Task Force Ranger and the SAR team were pinned down during a raid in what later became known as the Battle of Mogadishu , the 10th Mountain Division provided infantry for the UN quick reaction force sent to rescue them. The 10th Mountain Division had two soldiers killed in the fighting, which was the longest sustained firefight by regular US Army forces since
7300-658: The force on Kiska. In December 1942 , additional anti-aircraft units, engineers, and a negligible number of reinforcement infantry arrived on the island. In the spring of 1943 , control was transferred to Lt. General Kiichiro Higuchi . After the heavy casualties suffered at Attu Island , Japanese planners were expecting another costly operation. They realized the isolated Kiska Island was no longer defensible and planned for an evacuation. Starting in late July, there were increasing signs of Japanese withdrawal. Aerial photograph analysts noticed that routine activities appeared to greatly diminish, and almost no movement could be detected in
7400-401: The fort's personnel. The Indian and Black rivers flow along part of the reservation boundary. As of the census of 2000, there were 12,123 people, 2,253 households, and 2,203 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 479.8 inhabitants per square mile (185.3/km ). There were 2,280 housing units at an average density of 90.2 per square mile (34.8/km ). The racial makeup of
7500-539: The government of Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide could be reestablished and democratic elections held. After this was accomplished, the 10th Mountain Division handed over control of the MNF-Haiti to the 25th Infantry Division on 15 January 1995. The division redeployed the last of its soldiers who served in Haiti by 31 January 1995. In the fall of 1998, the division received notice that it would be serving as senior headquarters of Task Force Eagle , providing
7600-510: The harbor. Bomb damage appeared unrepaired, and aircrews reported greatly diminished anti-aircraft fire. On July 28, 1943, radio signals from Kiska ceased entirely. On August 15, 1943, the U.S. 7th Infantry Division , 87th Mountain Infantry Regiment of the 10th Mountain Division and the 13th Canadian Infantry Brigade from the 6th Canadian Infantry Division , landed on opposite shores of Kiska. Canadian regiments landed included
7700-418: The headquarters was officially redesignated as Combined Joint Task Force (CJTF) Mountain. It assumed responsibility for the planning and execution of what had then become known as Operation Anaconda . Elements of the division, primarily 1-87th Infantry, remained in the country until mid-2002, fighting to secure remote areas of the country and participating in prominent operations such as Operation Anaconda ,
7800-558: The installation. Civilian job opportunities include day care providers, school teachers, nurses, and custodial workers. There is also a Teen-In-Hire program that helps teens in school obtain jobs. While housing can be difficult to obtain on-post due to the number of families moving to the area, families are able to stay temporarily at the Fort Drum Inn, cottages, guest house, cabins, or the LeRay Mansion, which all are under
7900-804: The island two weeks earlier, and so the Allied landings were unopposed. Allied forces suffered over 500 casualties in total during the operation from Japanese landmines and booby traps, friendly fire incidents, and vehicle accidents. The Japanese under Captain Takeji Ono had landed on Kiska on June 6, 1942 with 500 troops of Special Naval Landing Forces . Soon after arrival, they stormed a United States weather station , where they killed two and captured eight United States Navy officers. The captured officers were sent to Japan as prisoners of war . Another 2,000 Japanese troops arrived, landing in Kiska Harbor . At this time, Rear Admiral Monzo Akiyama headed
8000-406: The location of a proposed Eastern United States missile defense site . In 2014, a 60-megawatt biofuel power plant was established to provide energy for the base, part of the U.S. military's push for renewable energy and self-sufficiency. In 2015, Diana M. Holland was promoted to become the first woman general at Fort Drum, and the first woman to serve as a deputy commanding general in one of
8100-690: The major subordinate headquarters to Combined Joint Task Force 180 . Upon the return of the battalions, they were welcomed home and praised by President Bush. In 2003, the division's headquarters, along with the 1st Brigade, returned to Afghanistan. During that time, they operated in the frontier regions of the country such as Paktika Province , going to places previously untouched by the war in search of Taliban and Al-Qaeda forces. Fighting in several small-scale conflicts such as Operation Avalanche , Operation Mountain Resolve , and Operation Mountain Viper ,
8200-423: The mobilization and training of almost 80,000 troops annually. This section of the article incorporates text taken from a public-domain document prepared by the United States military. A portion of the present Fort Drum was first used as a military training site in 1908 when it was named Pine Camp ; the following year land was purchased to develop the camp as an installation. The army had an earlier presence in
8300-579: The new home of the 10th Light Infantry Division . Its mission is to be manned and trained to deploy rapidly by air, sea, and land anywhere in the world, prepared to fight upon arrival and win. The first of the division's troops arrived at Fort Drum on 3 December 1984, and the unit was officially activated on 13 February 1985. The name was changed to the 10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry) at that time. The division reached full strength in 1989. Between 1986 and 1992, 130 new buildings, 35 miles (56 km) of roads, and 4,272 sets of family quarters were built at
8400-677: The outnumbered and outgunned Finnish soldiers were able to use the difficult local terrain to their advantage, severely hampering the Soviet attacks and embarrassing their military. Upon seeing the effectiveness of these troops, Charles Minot "Minnie" Dole , the president of the National Ski Patrol , began to lobby the War Department of the need for a similar unit of troops in the United States Army, trained for fighting in winter and mountain warfare . In September 1940, Dole
8500-458: The previously Polish-led south-central and British-led southeast operational areas. The 10th Mountain Division headquarters transferred authority for MND-S to the 34th Infantry Division , Minnesota Army National Guard on 20 May 2009. The 2nd Brigade Combat Team was scheduled to deploy to Iraq in the fall of 2009, as a part of the 2009–2010 rotation to Iraq. The division headquarters, the 3rd Brigade Combat Team, and two Battalion Task Forces from
8600-498: The region. The brigade returned to Fort Drum in 2004. On the return of the division headquarters and 1st Brigade, the 10th Mountain Division began the process of transformation into a modular division. On 16 September 2004, the division headquarters finished its transformation, adding the 10th Mountain Division Special Troops Battalion . The 1st Brigade became the 1st Brigade Combat Team , while
8700-408: The remainder of their deployment, this platoon was widely regarded as the division's best at that time. Following a cease-fire in March 1991, the support soldiers began redeploying to Fort Drum through June of that year. Hurricane Andrew struck South Florida on 24 August 1992, killing 13 people, leaving another 250,000 homeless, and causing damages in excess of $ 20 billion. On 27 August 1992,
8800-521: The security of Coalition airfields in Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and Pakistan, as well as the logistics operations set up to support those forces. The division was also intended to defend Uzbekistan against attacks by the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan , which was seeking to overthrow Islam Karimov 's secular government. On 13 February 2002, Mikolashek ordered Hagenbeck to move CFLCC (Forward) to Bagram airfield located at Bagram and 2 days later
8900-490: The start of World War II. During and after the Korean War , a number of units were stationed and trained here to take advantage of the terrain and climate. In 1959, testing of Agent Orange began on more than 1,000 acres (405 ha) of Camp Drum. Several communities at or near Agent Orange manufacturing or storage sites continue to report dioxin levels above recommended safety standards, including Fort Drum. The material
9000-500: The time, the division had a strength of 8,500 out of the 16,000 planned, so the military transferred troops from the 30th , 31st , and 33rd Infantry Divisions along with volunteers from the National Guards of Maine , New Hampshire , Vermont , New York , Michigan , Wisconsin , Minnesota , Iowa , North and South Dakota , Colorado , Wyoming , Montana , Idaho , Utah and Washington (specifically, men who were from
9100-549: The towns of Antwerp , Leray , Philadelphia , and Wilna . The reservation also extends east into the town of Diana in Lewis County . Several villages in Jefferson County are on the border of Fort Drum: Antwerp , Black River , Carthage , Evans Mills , Natural Bridge , and Philadelphia . The nearest city is Watertown , 13 miles (21 km) to the southwest, which is the service and shopping destination for
9200-724: The years. The camp came into the national spotlight in 1935, when the largest peacetime maneuvers in American military history up to that point were held on the Pine Plains and surrounding farmland. Approximately 36,500 soldiers came from throughout the Northeast to take part in the exercise. Some soldiers traveled by trains, which arrived in town every 15 minutes, coming from as far away as Buffalo, New York and New York City. For 36 hours, young men from offices, factories, and farms marched, attacked and defended in tactical exercises on
9300-449: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.33 and the average family size was 3.36. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 37.5% from 18 to 24, 36.0% from 25 to 44, 1.5% from 45 to 64, and 0.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 186.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 235.4 males. The median income for
9400-494: Was able to present his case to General George C. Marshall , the Army Chief of Staff, who agreed with Dole's assessment, deciding to create a "Mountain" unit for fighting in harsh terrain. The U.S. Army authorized the formation of the platoon-sized Army Ski Patrol in November 1940. The first Patrol was formed at Camp Murray as part of the 41st Infantry Division under Lt. Ralph S. Phelps (later to become commanding General of
9500-419: Was awarded two campaign streamers . In June 1948, the division was rebuilt and activated at Fort Riley , Kansas to serve as a training division . Without its "Mountain" tab, the division served as the 10th Infantry Division for the next ten years. The unit was charged with processing and training replacements in large numbers. This mission was expanded with the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950. By 1953,
9600-688: Was designated as the headquarters for all Army Forces (ARFOR) of the Unified Task Force (UNITAF) for Operation Restore Hope . Major General Steven L. Arnold , the division Commander, was named Army Forces commander. The 10th Mountain Division's mission was to secure major cities and roads to provide safe passage of relief supplies to the Somali population suffering from the effects of the Somali Civil War . Due to 10th Mountain Division efforts, humanitarian agencies declared an end to
9700-652: Was maintained until the enemy headquarters involved had completed their surrender to the Seventh. On the 6th, 10th Mountain Division troops met the 44th Infantry Division of the Seventh Army. Between the 2nd and Victory in Europe Day on 8 May the 10th Mountain Division received the surrender of various German units and screened areas of occupation near Trieste , Kobarid , Bovec and Log pod Mangartom , Slovenia. The division moved to Udine on 20 May and joined
9800-516: Was rotated out and replaced by the 3rd Infantry Division . The division moved to Fort Benning , Georgia , and was inactivated on 14 June 1958. On 13 February 1985, the 10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry) was reactivated at Fort Drum, New York . In accordance with the Reorganization Objective Army Divisions plan, the division was no longer centered on regiments, instead two brigades were activated under
9900-409: Was specially designed as a light infantry division able to rapidly deploy. In this process, it lost its mountain warfare capability, but its light infantry organization still made it versatile for difficult terrain. Equipment design was oriented toward reduced size and weight for reasons of both strategic and tactical mobility. The division also received a distinctive unit insignia . At the end of
10000-487: Was used extensively during the Vietnam War for defoliation. In 1974, a permanent garrison was assigned and Camp Drum was renamed Fort Drum. In April 1980, B Company, 76th Engineer Battalion (Combat Heavy) was reassigned from Fort Meade , Maryland . Three years later the rest of the battalion was transferred here, with the exception of D Company. On 11 September 1984, the announcement was made that Fort Drum would be
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