Misplaced Pages

#611388

29-521: At a basic level, a unit might serve as an opposing force for a single scenario, differing from its 'opponents' only in the objectives it is given. However, major armies commonly maintain specialized groups trained to accurately replicate real-life enemies, to provide a more realistic experience for their training opponents. (To avoid the diplomatic ramifications of naming a real nation as a likely enemy, training scenarios often use fictionalized versions with different names but similar military characteristics to

58-400: A de-brief in that it begins with a clear comparison of intended versus actual results achieved. An AAR is forward-looking, with the goal of informing future planning, preparation, and execution of similar actions. Assigning blame or issuing reprimands is antithetical to the purpose of an AAR. An AAR is distinct from a post-mortem in its tight focus on participants' own actions; learning from

87-457: A GPS system that allows each individual soldier's actions and fate on the battlefield to be centrally tracked. The system is provided by CUBIC. CMTC contracts a population of civilians in the battlespace (CIBs) who populate several villages and an urban area with actors. Actors allow the training of soldiers in realistic scenarios that go beyond force-on-force combat. The CIBs have an integral make-up and production team that coordinates and executes

116-589: A group of senior leaders within University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust acted on the realization that bullying and blaming behaviours were impacting on safe and effective care. They commissioned the UCLH Education service to tackle the problem, and AAR was chosen as the tool to use. In 20011, Professor Aidan Hallighan, UCLH's Director of Education, wrote "Healthcare is dominated by

145-496: A multinational context. The regular inclusion of Allies into training opportunities better prepares our soldiers for the realities of integrating people, capabilities, and equipment from other nations. After-action review An after action review ( AAR ) is a technique for improving process and execution by analyzing the intended outcome and actual outcome of an action and identifying practices to sustain, and practices to improve or initiate, and then practicing those changes at

174-601: A wide network. CMTC Operations Group (Ops Grp) is the unit responsible for the execution of exercises. This is done through the employment of its sub-units, which provide a rich training environment, facilitate learning, and inform EXCON. Ops Grp consists of: Observer controller trainers (OCT) are experienced officers, warrant officers and non-commissioned members who coach and mentor the training audience, by leveraging their experience, knowledge of doctrine, and interpretation of discrete and aggregate data. CMTC's OCTs support all CMTC-led exercises, and often support other excises for

203-653: Is the Canadian Army's functional centre of excellence (FCoE) for collective training (CT) and is the army CT training authority on behalf of its higher headquarters, the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training Centre (CADTC). It is housed by 3rd Canadian Division Support Base Detachment Wainwright , in Denwood, Alberta . As of 2023, the commander of the CMTC is Colonel Scott MacGregor. CMTC's mission

232-446: Is the unit responsible for exercise design and planning. The HQ conducts planning conferences, writing boards, and site reconnaissance with exercise participants in order to design exercises that will best fit their training aims. During in-house exercises, CMTC HQ leads the exercise control (EXCON). CMTC HQ is also responsible for maintaining connections with allied training centres and industry partners to incorporate best practices across

261-493: Is to deliver collective training within a realistic and immersive contemporary operating environment. CMTC also provides support to exercise design, delivery, and execution for the Canadian Army and its allies. CMTC executes its mission through a combination of force-on-force exercises, simulation training, courses, professional development, and exchanges with allies. CMTC was established in 2004 and delivered its first exercise, Exercise Maple Guardian in 2006, but assisted in running

290-778: The National Guard . The California State Guard , the Georgia State Defense Force , and the New York Guard have provided OPFOR services to their respective National Guard counterparts. In 2018, the Georgia State Defense Force established the OPFOR Battalion to assist National Guard Soldiers with pre-deployment training. Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre The Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre (CMTC)

319-479: The US Army : Various US military installations or major units have their own local versions of opposing force used for training exercises. The joint Australian–US military exercise "Crocodile '03" featured an Australian-led opposing force in which soldiers from a range of Australian units worked together with a US Marine Corps contingent. Several state defense forces have served as OPFOR units when training with

SECTION 10

#1732772949612

348-439: The Canadian Army and allies. They also provide courses for Canadians and allies on how to be an OCT, and how to conduct an after-action review . Contemporary Operating Environment Force (COEFOR) provides unconventional, para-military, and host-nation forces and key personalities to role-play in exercises. They cover any gaps the spectrum of personalities in the battlespace, between the opposing force (OPFOR), training audience, and

377-599: The Canadian Army at the formation level. This includes the design and delivery of Exercise United Resolve and the provision of the Canadian Army Exercise Planning and Execution Course (CAEPAC) and the Civilian - Military Interagency Planning Seminar (CMIPS). Army Collective Training (Army CT) is responsible for upholding CMTC's duties as the FCoE for CT doctrine. CMTC's exercises are designed around

406-519: The Enhanced Forward Presence Battlegroup (eFP BG) Latvia. ICE confirms that the eFP meets the supreme allied commander Europe's (SACEUR) requirements, and that the eight sending nations and framework nation are effectively integrated into one multinational battlegroup. CMTC typically deploys on two ICE rotations a year, spring and fall. CMTC conducts the certification and validation of a light infantry battle group in

435-411: The achievement of battle task standards (BTS), which are derived from operational needs and implemented in doctrine. Army CT ensures that doctrine is updated as the operational environment shifts, to ensure exercises are relevant to the needs of training audiences. Exercise Maple Resolve (Ex MR) is the Canadian Army's cornerstone exercise for proving brigades, battlegroups, and their soldiers in

464-603: The brigade training event (BTE) in 2005. In 2006, the primary focus of CMTC was to train task forces deploying to Afghanistan. Since the end of the Canadian combat mission in Afghanistan, CMTC continues to design and deliver collective training exercises to maintain the warfighting capabilities of the CA's brigades and battlegroups. CMTC manages exercise design, delivery, and execution through leveraging its sub-components CMTC HQ

493-403: The contemporary operating environment. During the exercise, soldiers test their ability to integrate with allies and other government departments as they hone their warfighting skills within a realistic, complex and demanding environment. Exercise Unified Resolve (Ex UR) is the Canadian Army's largest and most complex computer-assisted training exercise. The training plays a key role in confirming

522-412: The emphasis is on learning after less than perfect events, AARs after successful experiences can also provide rich benefits. Prerequisite to the success of a formal AAR are a few key ingredients, including a trained ‘conductor’, a suitable safe private environment, allocated time and the assumption of equality of everybody present. Every AAR follows the same structure with the conductor getting agreement for

551-733: The expected real-world foes.) The Canadian Armed Forces has OPFOR units from the Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre . In the French Army , a FORAD ( FORce ADverse , enemy force) is used to train the army, in both the centre d'entraînement au combat (CENTAC, Combat Training Center) of Mailly-le-Camp and in the centre d'entraînement aux actions en zone urbaine (CENZUB, Urban Operations Training Centre). Declassed AMX-30 tanks were used to simulate Soviet T-72s, until 2018. There are three major training centers that utilize home-based OPFOR units for

580-451: The extreme, the unknown and the very improbable with high impact consequences, conditions that demand leadership, and yet we spend our time focusing on what we know and what we can control. Educating staff on the use of After Action Review enables team working and cues behaviours through allowing an emotional mastery of the moment and learning after doing." "AARs are applicable to almost any event, clinical or otherwise, and whilst

609-575: The ground rules at the outset and ensuring everyone is clear about the specific purpose of the AAR and the four apparently simple questions to be used." AAR is actively used in a number of NHS organisations including Cambridge University Hospitals, Bedfordshire Hospitals and NEL Healthcare Consulting and has been recommended as an approach to be used in the new NHS Patient Safety Incident Response Framework, which "moves away from reactive and hard-to-define thresholds for 'Serious Incident' investigation and towards

SECTION 20

#1732772949612

638-560: The information domain, and vice versa. CMTC builds after-action reviews into the various stages of its exercises. CMTC AARs are informed by feedback from OCTs who observe the battle in person and from command nodes, data as shown by WES, and the OPFOR and COEFOR. CMTC's OCTs coordinate all of the available inputs for Commander's to conduct their own AARs. CMTC seeks and accommodates allied partners for all major exercises. CAF members deployed on operations can almost always expect to be working in

667-401: The next iteration of the action AARs in the formal sense were originally developed by the U.S. Army . Formal AARs are used by all US military services and by many other non-US organizations. Their use has extended to business as a knowledge management tool. An AAR occurs within a cycle of establishing the leader's intent, planning, preparation, action and review. An AAR is distinct from

696-542: The operational readiness of mechanized brigade group command and control elements and tests their ability to plan and conduct missions. During the simulation, participants react to computer-assisted scenarios within the contemporary operating environment across the full spectrum of conflict. CMTC conducts the Integrated Capstone Exercise (ICE) as part of the CAF's contribution as the framework nation for

725-641: The planning and command and control of high-intensity tactical operations facing a hybrid threat consisting of a near-peer conventional force and irregular units in a joint, interagency, multi-national, and public (JIMP) contemporary operating environment. The field training exercise is in Fort Johnson , Louisiana, United States. The Weapons Effects Simulation (WES) system is a live simulation system that represents people, vehicles, and equipment in combat situations. The system includes both vehicle and person-worn systems with laser detectors and projectors, linked to

754-440: The population base. The employment of COEFOR causes soldiers to consider every person in the battlespace, and forces them to remain aware throughout the entire exercise. CMTC's COEFOR also supports allied exercises around the world. CMTC has an integral administration and network support capability that provides admin services to its own members and the exercises it leads. Formation Training Group (Fmn Trg Grp) provides training to

783-404: The representation of casualties with realistic injuries. CMTC has the capability to run a simulated social media network on top of an isolated network. This allows everyone in the battlespace to interact in a public forum. Access to the network is granted through internet cafes and cellphones in each community. This network reinforces to training audiences that actions in the physical domain impact

812-422: The review is taken forward by the participants. Recommendations for others are not produced. AARs in larger operations can be cascaded in order to keep each level of the organization focused on its own performance within a particular event or project. Formal AAR meetings are normally run by a facilitator or trained 'AAR Conductor', and can be chronological reviews or tightly focused on a few key issues selected by

841-597: The team leader. Short cycle informal AARs are typically run by a team leader or assistant and are very quick. In the United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS), AAR is increasingly used as a learning tool to promote patient safety and improve care, as outlined by Walker et al. 2012. In the UK and Europe other healthcare organisations, including pharmaceutical and medical technology businesses such as BD , are beginning to roll out their own AAR programmes. In 2008,

#611388