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43-469: Originating as a prehistoric settlement, Orchomenus became one of the powerful cities in West Arcadia along with Tegea and Mantineia . The heyday of the city was between 7th–6th century BC and it became a rich city which minted its own currency. Its ruins are near the modern village of Orchomenos (before 1963: Καλπάκι, Kalpaki ). Orchomenos was initially established at the foot of the acropolis on

86-544: A Macedonian garrison. Later, under Roman pressure, it was given back by Philip V to the Achaeans. Strabo mentions it among the Arcadian cities, which had either disappeared, or of which there were scarcely any traces left; but this appears from Pausanias to have been an exaggeration. Pausanias (writing in the 2nd c. AD) mentions, amongst other monuments, that close to the city was a wooden statue of Artemis, enclosed in

129-460: A synoecism to form one city; the inhabitants of the demoi were incorporated, by Aleus in the city of Tegea, of which this hero was the reputed founder. The names of these nine townships, which are preserved by Pausanias , are: Gareatae (Γαρεᾶται), Phylaceis (Φυλακεῖς), Caryatae (Καρυᾶται), Corytheis (Κορυθεῖς), Potachidae (Πωταχίδαι), Oeatae (Οἰᾶται), Manthyreis (Μανθυρεῖς), Echeuetheis (Εχευήθεἱς), to which Apheidantes (Ἀφείδαντες)

172-450: A great cedar tree, and hence called Cedreatis. When the 19th century classicist William Smith visited the place the old city on the acropolis was in ruins and there were only some vestiges of the agora and the town walls. Many monuments were revealed during the excavations and can be admired today including the theatre, the remains of the ancient agora, the city walls and the temple of Artemis Mesopolitis. Other monuments identified during

215-744: A later period joined the Aetolian League , but soon after the accession of Cleomenes III to the Spartan throne it formed an alliance with Sparta, together with Mantineia and Orchomenus . It thus became involved in hostilities with the Achaeans , and in the war which followed, called the Cleomenic War , it was taken by Antigonus Doson , the ally of the Achaeans, and annexed to the Achaean League, 222 BCE. In 218 BCE, Tegea

258-434: A plain surrounded on every side by mountains. Later the settlement was built on the mountain where the most important monuments of the city have been found. The modern village of Orchomenos stands on the site of lower Orchomenus. This plain was bounded on the south by a low range of hills, called Anchisia , which separated it from the territory of Mantineia: on the north by a lofty chain, called Oligyrtus , through which lie

301-414: A seasonally inadequate subsurface drainage by ditches, Katavothres (Greek term for ponors) and a man made tunnel. Orchomenus is mentioned by Homer , who gives it the epithet of polymelos ( πολύμηλος ), which meant "abundant in sheep". It is one of the places whose troops were led by Agapenor . It is also called ferax by Ovid , and ἀφνεός by Apollonius Rhodius . Pausanias relates that Orchomenus

344-438: Is a municipal unit with an area of 118.350 km . It is near the modern villages of Alea and Episkopi . The legendary founder of Tegea was Tegeates , a son of Lycaon . Tegea ( Ancient Greek : Τεγέα ; Ionic Greek : Τεγέη ) was one of the most ancient and powerful towns of ancient Arcadia , situated in the southeast of the country. Its territory, called Tegeatis (Τεγεᾶτις), was bounded by Cynuria and Argolis on

387-481: Is located about 10 kilometers southeast of Tripoli . The municipality of Tegea has its seat at Stadio . In ancient times, the people of Tegea said that Cydon, Archedius, and Gortys, the surviving sons of their king Tegeates, migrated voluntarily to Crete, and that the cities Kydonia , Gortyna , and Catreus , were named after them. Yet the Cretans denied this; instead they tried to portray these three characters as

430-622: The Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad as one of the places whose troops are led by Agapenor . It was probably the most celebrated of all the Arcadian towns in the earliest times. This appears from its heroic renown, since its king Echemus is said to have slain Hyllus , the son of Heracles , in single combat. The Tegeatae offered a long-continued and successful resistance to the Spartans , when

473-654: The Peloponnesian War the Tegeatae were the firm allies of the Spartans, to whom they remained faithful both on account of their possessing an aristocratical constitution, and from their jealousy of the neighbouring democratical city of Mantineia, with which they were frequently at war. Thus the Tegeatae not only refused to join the Argives in the alliance formed against Sparta in 421 BCE, but they accompanied

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516-857: The Persian Wars , Orchomenus sent 120 men to Thermopylae , and 600 to Plataea . In the Peloponnesian War, the Lacedaemonians deposited in Orchomenus the hostages they had taken from the Arcadians; but the walls of the city were then in a dilapidated state; and accordingly, when the Athenians and their Peloponnesian allies advanced against the city in 418 BC, the Orchomenians dared not offer resistance, and surrendered

559-723: The 10th century. In 1082, it became the seat of the Diocese of Amyclae , a suffragan see of the Metropolis of Lacedaemon . Nikli and the rest of Arcadia were captured by the Crusaders in c.  1206–1209 , becoming part of the new Frankish Principality of Achaea , which soon came to encompass most of the Peloponnese . The Chronicle of the Morea depicts Nikli as a site of some importance and fortified, which fell to

602-1383: The 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024. ^ Name changes of settlements in Greece v t e Subdivisions of the municipality of Andritsaina-Krestena Municipal unit of Alifeira Alifeira Amygdalies Kallithea Livadaki Myronia Vresto Municipal unit of Andritsaina Andritsaina Dafnoula Dragogio Fanari Koufopoulo Linistaina Matesi Rovia Sekoulas Theisoa Municipal unit of Skillounta Diasella Frixa Graikas Gryllos Kallikomo Kalyvakia Kato Samiko Krestena Makrisia Platiana Ploutochori Raches Samiko Skillountia Trypiti Vrina Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theisoa,_Greece&oldid=1253685093 " Categories : Populated places in Elis Andritsaina-Krestena Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas CS1 Greek-language sources (el) Articles with short description Short description

645-585: The Arcadians in the most ancient times. Its site is probably indicated by a chapel of the Virgin Mary, which stands east of Levidi . Tegea Tegea ( / ˈ t iː dʒ i ə / ; Greek : Τεγέα ) was a settlement in ancient Arcadia , and it is also a former municipality in Arcadia , Peloponnese , Greece . Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the Tripoli municipality, of which it

688-587: The Crusaders only after a siege. It became the seat of a secular barony , while a Roman Catholic bishop was installed in the episcopal see. Nikli was still in Frankish hands in 1280, but was lost to the resurgent Byzantines by 1302, who also restored the local see to the Orthodox clergy. The site of ancient Tegea is now located within the modern village of Alea (referred to as Piali before 1915). Alea

731-645: The Lacedaemonians in their expedition against Argos in 418 BCE. They also fought on the side of the Spartans in the Corinthian War , 394 BCE. The Temple of Athena Alea burned in 394 BCE and was magnificently rebuilt, to designs by Scopas of Paros, with reliefs of the Calydonian boar hunt in the main pediment. After the Battle of Leuctra (371 BCE), however, the Spartan party in Tegea

774-478: The Spartans again fought unsuccessfully against the Tegeatae; but in the following generation, in the time of their king Anaxandridas II , the Spartans, having obtained possession of the bones of Orestes in accordance with an oracle, defeated the Tegeatae and compelled them to acknowledge the supremacy of Sparta, about 560 BC. Thus, Tegea's struggle against Spartan hegemony in Arcadia came to an end, and it

817-416: The Tegeatae fought at the Battle of Thermopylae , and 3000 at the Battle of Plataea , half of their force consisting of hoplites and half of light-armed troops. As it was not usual to send the whole force of a state upon a distant march, William Smith and Henry Fynes Clinton estimate the force of the Tegeatae on this occasion as not more than three-fourths of their whole number. This would give 4000 for

860-466: The adjective Tegĕēus or Tegeaeus as equivalent to Arcadian: thus it is given as an epithet to Pan (Verg. G. 1.18), Callisto, daughter of Lycaon (Ov. Ar. Am. 2.55, Fast. 2.167), Atalanta (Ov. Met. 8.317, 380), Carmenta (Ov. Fast. 1.627), and Mercury (Stat. Silv. 1.54) In the Middle Ages , through some unclear process, Tegea received the name of Amyklion (later usually shortened to Amykli and Nikli) by

903-483: The east, from which it was separated by Mount Parthenium , by Laconia on the south, by the Arcadian district of Maenalia on the west, and by the territory of Mantineia on the north. The Tegeatae are said to have derived their name from Tegeates , a son of Lycaon , and to have dwelt originally in eight, afterwards nine, demoi or townships. In the Archaic period the nine demoi that underlie Tegea banded together in

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946-487: The excavations are a Bouleuterion , a prehistoric tomb and a bridge of the Archaic Period. The most important monument is the theatre (4th–3rd BC) with a capacity of 4,000. At an altitude of 800 metres it offered a spectacular view during cultural events. Pausanias described the temples of Artemis and Poseidon as among the most remarkable monuments. Approaching the town from the south one can see tumuli on

989-571: The hostages. At the time of the foundation of Megalopolis , we find the Orchomenians exercising supremacy over Theisoa , Methydrium, and Teuthis; but the inhabitants of these cities were then transferred to Megalopolis, and their territories assigned to the latter. The Orchomenians, through their enmity to the Mantineians, refused to join the Arcadian confederacy, and made war upon the Mantineians. Henceforth, Orchomenus lost its political importance; but, from its commanding situation, its possession

1032-412: The latter attempted to extend their dominion over Arcadia. In one of the wars between the two peoples, Chariläus or Charillus , king of Sparta, deceived by an oracle which appeared to promise victory to the Spartans, invaded Tegeatis, and was not only defeated, but was taken prisoner with all his men who had survived the battle. More than two centuries afterwards, in the reign of Leon and Agesicles ,

1075-462: The left, chiefly composed of collections of stones as described by Pausanias. Below the acropolis is the tomb of Aristocrates and beyond are the fountains called Teneiae ( Τενεῖαι ) which Pausanias mentions (writing in the 2nd c. AD) as one of the most remarkable objects in the place. A little further are the Hellenistic ruins of Amilus. On the southern plain is an ancient canal which conducts

1118-529: The military population of Tegea, and about 17,400 for the whole free population. Soon after the Battle of Plataea, the Tegeatae were again at war with the Spartans, of the causes of which, however, we have no information. We only know that the Tegeatae fought twice against the Spartans between 479 and 464 BCE, and were each time defeated; first in conjunction with the Argives , and a second time together with

1161-484: The north side Theisoa ( Greek : Θεισόα , before 1915: Λάβδα - Lavda ) is a mountain village in the municipal unit Andritsaina , Elis , southwestern Greece . Theisoa is situated on a mountain slope above the left bank of the river Alfeios , 3 km southeast of Matesi , 3 km northeast of Rovia , 6 km northeast of connected Andritsaina and 8 km northwest of Karytaina . The Greek National Road 76 (Megalopoli - Andritsaina - Krestena) passes through

1204-1070: The offspring of the local heroes Minos and Rhadamantus. The municipal unit Tegea is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets): Theisoa, Greece Coordinates : 37°31′N 21°58′E  /  37.517°N 21.967°E  / 37.517; 21.967 For other uses, see Theisoa . Community in Greece Theisoa Θεισόα Community [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Theisoa Coordinates: 37°31′N 21°58′E  /  37.517°N 21.967°E  / 37.517; 21.967 Country Greece Administrative region West Greece Regional unit Elis Municipality Andritsaina-Krestena Municipal unit Andritsaina Population   (2021)  • Community 50 Time zone UTC+2 ( EET )  • Summer ( DST ) UTC+3 ( EEST ) [REDACTED] Theoisa seen from

1247-539: The other Arcadians, except the Mantineians at Dipaea , in the Maenalian district. About this time, and also at a subsequent period, Tegea, and especially the temple of Athena Alea in the city, was a frequent place of refuge for persons who had rendered themselves obnoxious to the Spartan government. Hither fled the seer Hegesistratus and the kings Leotychides , and Pausanias , son of Pleistoanax . In

1290-435: The passes into the territories of Pheneus and Stymphalus , and on the east and west by two parallel chains running from north to south. The plain is divided into two by hills projecting from the eastern and western ranges, and which approach so close as to allow space for only a narrow ravine between them. Upon the summit of the western hill stood the acropolis of Orchomenus, nearly 900 m (3,000 ft) high, resembling

1333-502: The son of Aechmis, was stoned to death by his people for violating the virgin priestess of Artemis Hymnia . Aristocrates was succeeded by his son Hicetas, and Hicetas by his son Aristocrates II who, having abandoned the Messenians in the second war against Sparta , experienced the fate of his grandfather being stoned to death by the Arcadians. He appears to have been the last king of Orchomenus, who reigned over Arcadia, but his family

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1376-463: The strong fortress of Messenian Ithome and, like the latter, commanding two plains. The waters of the southern part of the plain run through the ravine into the northern plain where, as there is no outlet for the waters, they formed a large lake. This description is that of Pausanias ’ time, AD 110 – ca. 180). Today the lake is gone. The two plains are characterized as closed geological basins ( Karst depressions ), where, even today, precipitation has

1419-590: The village. Population [ edit ] Year Population 1981 134 1991 198 2001 129 2011 89 2021 50 Notable people [ edit ] Ioannis Paraskevopoulos (1900–1984) banker and politician, former Prime Minister of Greece . See also [ edit ] List of settlements in Elis References [ edit ] ^ "Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" [Results of

1462-400: The waters from the surrounding mountains through the ravine into the lower northern plain. At Katalimata is a prehistoric settlement with prehistoric drainage facilities. At “Mytikas” Paleopyrgou there is a Mycenaean settlement and ancient sanctuary. In the territory of Orchomenus on the northern slope of Mt. Anchisia was the temple of Artemis Hymnia which was held in high veneration by all

1505-409: Was added as the ninth in the reign of king Apheidas . The Tegeatae were early divided into 4 tribes ( phylai ) (φυλαί), called respectively Clareotis (Κλαρεῶτις, in inscriptions Κραριῶτις ), Hippothoitis (Ἱπποθοῖτις), Apolloneatis (Ἀπολλωνεᾶτις), and Athoneatis (Ἀθανεᾶτις), to each of which belonged a certain number of metoeci (μέτοικοι) or resident aliens. Tegea is mentioned by Homer in

1548-703: Was an important religious center of ancient Greece, containing the Temple of Athena Alea . The temenos was founded by Aleus , Pausanias was informed. Votive bronzes at the site from the Geometric and Archaic periods take the forms of horses and deer; there are sealstones and fibulae . The city retained civic life under the Roman Empire ; Tegea survived being sacked by the Goths in AD 395–396. The Roman poets use

1591-417: Was attacked by Spartan king Lycurgus , who obtained possession of the whole city with the exception of the acropolis . It subsequently fell into the hands of Machanidas , the tyrant of Sparta, but was recovered by the Achaeans after the defeat of Machanidas, who was slain in battle by Philopoemen . In the time of Strabo Tegea was the only one of the Arcadian towns which continued to be inhabited, and it

1634-504: Was expelled, and the city joined the other Arcadian towns in the foundation of Megalopolis and in the formation of the Arcadian League . When Mantineia a few years afterwards quarrelled with the supreme Arcadian government, and formed an alliance with its old enemy Sparta, Tegea remained faithful to the new confederacy, and fought under Epaminondas against the Spartans at the great Battle of Mantineia , 362 BCE. Tegea at

1677-649: Was forced into some form of collaboration, maybe as one of the earliest members of what would become the Sparta-centered Peloponnesian League . Tegea, however, still retained its independence, though its military force was at the disposal of Sparta; and in the Greco-Persian Wars it appears as the second military power in the Peloponnesus , having the place of honour on the left wing of the allied army. Five hundred of

1720-434: Was founded by an eponymous hero, the son of Lycaon ; but there was a tradition that, on the death of Arcas , his dominions were divided among his three sons, of whom Elatus obtained Orchomenus as his portion. The kings of Orchomenus are said to have ruled over nearly all Arcadia. Pausanias also gives a list of the kings of Orchomenus, whom he represents at the same time as kings of Arcadia. One of these kings, Aristocrates ,

1763-631: Was frequently an object of the belligerent powers in later times. In the war between Cassander and Polyperchon , it fell into the power of the former, 313 BC. It subsequently espoused the side of the Aetolians , made an agreement with the Achaean League under a ruler named Nearchus around 234 BC, was taken by Cleomenes III in 229 BC with the acquiescence of the Aetolians, and was in 223 BC retaken by Antigonus Doson , who placed there

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1806-406: Was not deprived of the kingdom of Orchomenus as is stated in some authorities since we find his son Aristodemus represented as king of the city. It would appear, indeed, that royalty continued to exist at Orchomenus long after its abolition in most other Greek cities, since Theophilus related that Peisistratus , king of Orchomenus, was put to death by the aristocracy in the Peloponnesian War . In

1849-491: Was still a place of importance in the time of Pausanias , who has given us a minute account of its public buildings. The "tombs" he saw there were shrines to the chthonic founding daemones : "There are also tombs of Tegeates , the son of Lycaon , and of Maira (or Maera), his wife." Maira was a daughter of Atlas , and Homer makes mention of her in the passage where Odysseus tells to Alkinous his journey to Hades , and of those whose ghosts he beheld there." Ancient Tegea

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