62-481: Originally is an album by drummer Art Blakey and The Jazz Messengers recorded in 1956, but not released on the Columbia label until 1982. The album features unreleased tracks from the sessions that produced The Jazz Messengers and Hard Bop which have since been released as bonus tracks on those albums and Drum Suite . AllMusic awarded the album 2 stars stating "This LP contains valuable performances by
124-548: A jazz standard – and was featured in Clint Eastwood 's film Play Misty for Me (1971). Garner may have been inspired by the example of Earl Hines , a fellow Pittsburgh resident who was 18 years his senior, and there were resemblances in their elastic approach to timing and use of right-hand octaves. Garner's early recordings display the influence of the stride piano style of James P. Johnson and Fats Waller . Garner's melodic improvisations generally stayed close to
186-606: A "brilliant virtuoso". Garner received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6363 Hollywood Boulevard. His live album Concert by the Sea first released in 1955, sold more than 1 million copies by 1958, and Yanow's opinion on the album is that it "made such a strong impression that Garner was considered immortal from then on." Garner was born, along with twin brother Ernest in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on June 15, 1921,
248-453: A "creative jazz musician can be very popular without watering down his music" or changing his personal style. He has been described as a "brilliant virtuoso who sounded unlike anyone else", using an "orchestral approach straight from the swing era but...open to the innovations of bop." His distinctive style could swing like no other, but some of his best recordings are ballads, such as his best-known composition, " Misty ", which rapidly became
310-563: A book of reminiscences and favorite food recipes from the period of the late 1970s to early 1980s when Blakey lived in Northfield, New Jersey , with Warren and their son, Takashi. Blakey traveled for a year in West Africa in 1948 to explore the culture and religion of Islam , which he later adopted alongside changing his name; his conversion took place in the late 1940s at a time when other African Americans were being influenced by
372-476: A collective. Donald Byrd replaced Dorham, and the group recorded an album called simply The Jazz Messengers for Columbia Records in 1956. Blakey took over the group name when Silver left after the band's first year (taking Mobley and Watkins with him to form a new quintet), and the band name evolved to include Blakey's name, eventually settling upon "Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers". Blakey led
434-420: A complete list of Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers alumni, including some who did not actually record with the band, see The Jazz Messengers . Blakey went on to record dozens of albums with a constantly changing group of Jazz Messengers. He had a policy of encouraging young musicians: as he remarked on-mic during the live session which resulted in the A Night at Birdland albums in 1954: "I'm gonna stay with
496-505: A dark cymbal sound punctuated by frequent loud snare and bass drum accents in triplets or cross-rhythms." This source continues: Although Blakey discourages comparison of his own music with African drumming, he adopted several African devices after his visit in 1948–9, including rapping on the side of the drum and using his elbow on the tom-tom to alter the pitch. Later he organized recording sessions with multiple drummers, including some African musicians and pieces. His much-imitated trademark,
558-517: A few hours later [we] would go [...] to a restaurant [...and] have a drink and order some ribs", and suggests that reasons for the name change included the pragmatic: that "like many other black jazz musicians who adopted Muslim names", musicians did so to allow themselves to "check into hotels and enter 'white only places' under the assumption they were not African-American". Drummer Keith Hollis, reflecting on Blakey's early life, states that his fellow drummer "wound up doing drugs to cope"; like many of
620-484: A former school in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California , was made using relatively primitive sound equipment, but for George Avakian , the decision to release the recording was easy. In 1954 Garner composed "Misty", first recording it in 1955 for the album Contrasts . Lyrics were later added by Johnny Burke . "Misty" rapidly became popular, both as a jazz standard and as the signature song of Johnny Mathis . It
682-440: A leader, for Blue Note Records . The records were released as 78 rpm records at the time, and two of the songs were released on the "New Sounds" 10" LP compilation (BLP 5010). The octet included Kenny Dorham , Sahib Shihab , Musa Kaleem , and Walter Bishop, Jr. Around the same time (1947 or 1949 ) he led a big band called Seventeen Messengers. The band proved to be financially unstable and broke up soon after. The use of
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#1732794514847744-515: A number of classic standards. Often the trio was expanded to add Latin percussion, usually a conga. In 1964, Garner appeared in the UK on the music series Jazz 625 broadcast on BBC Two The programme was hosted by Steve Race , who introduced Garner's trio with Eddie Calhoun on bass and Kelly Martin on drums. Because Garner could not write down his musical ideas, he used to record them on tape, to be later transcribed by others. The Erroll Garner Club
806-558: A period where he was less affected by drugs during performances. Blakey was a heavy smoker; he appears in a cloud of smoke on the Buhaina's Delight album cover, and in extended footage of a 1973 appearance with Ginger Baker , Blakey begins a long drummers' "duel" with cigarette alight. Blakey died in Manhattan , on October 16, 1990, from lung cancer , five days after his 71st birthday, at St. Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center. He
868-797: A proving ground for young jazz talent, and recorded albums such as Buhaina's Delight , Caravan , and Free For All . While veterans occasionally reappeared in the group, by and large, each iteration of the Messengers included a lineup of new young players. Having the Messengers on one's resume was a rite of passage in the jazz world and conveyed immediate bona fides. Many Messenger alumni went on to become jazz stars in their own right, such as: Lee Morgan , Benny Golson , Wayne Shorter , Freddie Hubbard , Bobby Timmons , Curtis Fuller , Chuck Mangione , Keith Jarrett , Joanne Brackeen , Woody Shaw , Wynton Marsalis , Branford Marsalis , Terence Blanchard , Donald Harrison and Mulgrew Miller . For
930-495: A second drummer due to Blakey's failing health. Ron Wynn notes that Blakey had "played with such force and fury that he eventually lost much of his hearing, and at the end of his life, often played strictly by instinct." He stubbornly refused to wear a hearing aid , arguing that it threw his timing off, so most of the time he played by sensing vibrations. Javon Jackson, who played in Blakey's final lineup, claimed that he exaggerated
992-485: A short time in the late 1940s. Blakey made a name for himself in the 1940s in the big bands of Fletcher Henderson and Billy Eckstine . He then worked with bebop musicians Thelonious Monk , Charlie Parker , and Dizzy Gillespie . In the mid-1950s, Horace Silver and Blakey formed the Jazz Messengers , a group which he led for the next 35 years. The group was formed as a collective of contemporaries, but over
1054-569: A single mother who died shortly after his birth; her name is often cited as Marie Roddicker, or Roddericker, although Blakey's own 1937 marriage license shows her maiden name to have been Jackson. His biological father was Bertram Thomas Blakey, originally of Ozark, Alabama , whose family migrated northward to Pittsburgh sometime between 1900 and 1910. Blakey's uncle, Rubi Blakey, was a popular Pittsburgh singer, choral leader, and teacher who attended Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee . Blakey
1116-763: A year later. (Some accounts have him joining Henderson as early as 1939.) While playing in Henderson's band, Blakey was subjected to an unprovoked attack by a white Georgia police officer which necessitated a steel plate being inserted into his head. These injuries caused him to be declared unfit for service in World War II . He led his own band at the Tic Toc Club in Boston for a short time. From 1944 to 1947, Blakey worked with Billy Eckstine 's big band. Through this band, Blakey became associated with
1178-449: Is buried in Pittsburgh's Homewood Cemetery . Short in stature (5 feet 2 inches [157 cm]), Garner performed sitting on multiple telephone directories. He was also known for his vocalizations while playing, which can be heard on many of his recordings. He helped to bridge the gap for jazz musicians between nightclubs and the concert hall. Called "one of the most distinctive of all pianists" by Scott Yanow, Garner showed that
1240-619: Is called into question in the Gourse biography, as Blakey himself gives other accounts in addition to this one. The style Blakey assumed was "the aggressive swing style of Chick Webb , Sid Catlett and Ray Bauduc ". From 1939 to 1944, Blakey played with fellow Pittsburgh native Mary Lou Williams and toured with the Fletcher Henderson Orchestra. While sources differ on the timing, most agree that he traveled to New York with Williams in 1942 before joining Henderson
1302-497: Is often considered to have been Monk's most empathetic drummer, and he played on both Monk's first recording session as a leader (for Blue Note Records in 1947) and his final one (in London in 1971), as well as many in between. Blakey toured with Buddy DeFranco from 1951 to 1953 in a band that also included Kenny Drew . On December 17, 1947, Blakey led a group known as "Art Blakey's Messengers" in his first recording session as
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#17327945148471364-673: The Ahmadi missionary Kahili Ahmed Nasir, according to the Encyclopedia of Muslim-American History , and at one time in that period, Blakey led a turbaned, Qur'an -reading jazz band called the 17 Messengers (perhaps all Muslim, reflecting notions of the Prophet 's and music's roles as conduits of the divine message). A friend recollects that when "Art took up the religion [...] he did so on his own terms", saying that "Muslim imams would come over to his place, and they would pray and talk, then
1426-488: The bebop movement, along with his fellow band members Miles Davis , Dexter Gordon , Fats Navarro , Dizzy Gillespie , Charlie Parker and Sarah Vaughan among others. After the Eckstine band broke up, Blakey states that he traveled to Africa for a time: "In 1947, after the Eckstine band broke up, we—took a trip to Africa. I was supposed to stay there three months and I stayed two years because I wanted to live among
1488-459: The "Russian Dragon" (rushing and dragging). The independence of his hands also was evidenced by his masterful use of three-against-four and more complicated polyrhythms between the hands. In trio settings, he often played the 3:2 son clave rhythm pattern in his left hand chording on Latin tunes, and on swing tunes, he played the similar 12/8 Rhumba clave rhythm pattern. Garner frequently improvised whimsical introductions — often in stark contrast to
1550-665: The Erroll Garner Jazz Project, a major new archival and musical celebration of Garner. The project includes the donation of the Erroll Garner Archive —a huge trove of newly discovered historical material from Garner's life—to the University of Pittsburgh. On September 18, 2015, Concert by the Sea was re-released by Sony Legacy in an expanded, three-CD edition that adds 11 previously unreleased tracks. On September 30, 2016, Ready Take One
1612-684: The Jazz Hall of Fame (in 1982), the Grammy Hall of Fame (in 2001), and was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005. Japanese video game music composer Yasunori Mitsuda , who composed the Chrono and Xeno video game soundtracks, cited Art Blakey as the jazz musician who had the deepest influence on him, due to his father frequently playing his music. In addition to his musical interests, Blakey
1674-766: The Jazz Messengers "the archetypal hard bop group of the late 50s." Blakey was inducted into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame (in 1981). Posthumously, he was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1991 and the Grammy Hall of Fame (in 1998 and 2001). He was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005. Blakey was born on October 11, 1919, in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania, probably to
1736-498: The Messengers tag finally stuck with the group co-led at first by both Blakey and pianist Horace Silver , though the name was not used on the earliest of their recordings. The "Jazz Messengers" name was first used for this group on a 1954 recording nominally led by Silver, with Blakey, Mobley, Dorham and Doug Watkins —the same quintet recorded The Jazz Messengers at the Cafe Bohemia the following year, still functioning as
1798-578: The New York State Supreme Court ruled in Garner's favor in a landmark decision with regard to artist's rights, and Columbia paid Garner a substantial settlement and recalled all of the unauthorized records from its distributors. Garner was managed by Martha Glaser from 1950 until his death in 1977, with a period of this time as her only client. Garner died of cardiac arrest related to emphysema on January 2, 1977, aged 55. He
1860-538: The band's most celebrated tunes, such as Golson's "Along Came Betty", Bobby Timmons' "Moanin ' ", and Wayne Shorter's "One by One". Jackson, a member of Blakey's last Jazz Messengers group, recalled how his experiences with the drummer changed his life, saying that "He taught me how to be a man. How to stand up and be accounted for". Musicians Jackie McLean , Ray Bryant , Dizzy Gillespie , and Max Roach also paid tribute to Blakey at his funeral. Erroll Garner Erroll Louis Garner (June 15, 1921 – January 2, 1977)
1922-469: The bassist Slam Stewart , and although not a bebop musician per se, in 1947 played with Charlie Parker on the "Cool Blues" session. Although his admission to the Pittsburgh music union initially was refused because of his inability to read music, the union relented in 1956 and made him an honorary member. Garner is credited with a superb musical memory. After attending a concert by Russian classical pianist Emil Gilels , Garner returned to his apartment and
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1984-570: The death of jazz legend Ella Fitzgerald . In 2012 a film on Garner was released by Atticus Brady called No One Can Hear You Read , which Garner used to say when asked why he had never learned to read music. Footage of the piano prodigy playing and speaking was intercut with interviews: with admirers (including Woody Allen , Steve Allen and his fellow musicians Ahmad Jamal , also from Pittsburgh and Ernest McCarty , his bassist for many years); with family members, including his big sister Ruth Garner Moore and daughter Kim Garner; with George Avakian ,
2046-409: The drums, I wasn't after that. I went over there to see what I could do about religion. When I was growing up I had no choice, I was just thrown into a church and told this is what I was going to be. I didn't want to be their Christian. I didn't like it. You could study politics in this country, but I didn't have access to the religions of the world. That's why I went to Africa. When I got back people got
2108-404: The early Jazz Messengers that sat unissued until decades later.... Although not an essential set, Art Blakey fans will find this album to be a valuable gapfiller in the history of The Jazz Messengers". Art Blakey Arthur Blakey (October 11, 1919 – October 16, 1990) was an American jazz drummer and bandleader. He was also known as Abdullah Ibn Buhaina after he converted to Islam for
2170-440: The era, Blakey and his bands were known for their drug use (namely heroin) while traveling and performing (with varying accounts of Blakey's influence on others in this regard). Other specific recollections have Blakey forswearing serious drink while playing (after being disciplined by drummer Sid Catlett early in his career for drinking while performing), and suggest that the influence of "clean-living cat" Wynton Marsalis led to
2232-473: The extent of his hearing loss. "In my opinion, his deafness was a little exaggerated, and it was exaggerated by him. He didn't hear well out of one ear, but he could hear just fine out the other one. He could hear you just fine when you played something badly and he was quick to say 'Hey, you missed that there.' But anything like 'I don't think I'll be available for the next gig', he'd say 'Huh? I can't hear you. ' " Another bandmate, Geoffrey Keezer, claimed that 'He
2294-468: The five-volume Overture to Dawn series on Blue Note Records . His recording career advanced in the late 1940s when several sides such as " Fine and Dandy ", " Skylark " and " Summertime " were cut. His 1955 live album Concert by the Sea was a best-selling jazz album in its day and features Eddie Calhoun on bass and Denzil Best on drums. This recording of a performance at the Sunset Center ,
2356-410: The forceful closing of the hi-hat on every second and fourth beat, has been part of his style since 1950–51. ... A loud and domineering drummer, Blakey also listens and responds to his soloists. The legacy of Blakey and his bands is not only the music they produced, but also the opportunities they provided for several generations of jazz musicians. The Jazz Messengers nurtured and influenced many of
2418-519: The group for the rest of his life. It was the archetypal hard bop group of the 1950s, playing a driving, aggressive extension of bop with pronounced blues roots. Towards the end of the 1950s, the saxophonists Johnny Griffin and Benny Golson were in turn briefly members of the group. Golson, as musical director, wrote several jazz standards which began as part of the band book, such as " I Remember Clifford ", "Along Came Betty", and " Blues March ", and were frequently revived by later editions of
2480-631: The group. " Whisper Not " and "Are You Real" were other Golson compositions for Blakey. From 1959 to 1961, the group featured Wayne Shorter on tenor saxophone, Lee Morgan on trumpet, pianist Bobby Timmons and Jymie Merritt on bass. The group recorded several albums for Blue Note Records including The Big Beat and A Night in Tunisia . From 1961 to 1964, the band was a sextet that added trombonist Curtis Fuller and replaced Morgan, Timmons, and Merritt with Freddie Hubbard , Cedar Walton , and Reggie Workman , respectively. The group evolved into
2542-474: The idea I went there to learn about music. Blakey is known to have recorded from 1947 to 1949. He studied and converted to Islam during this period, taking the name Abdullah Ibn Buhaina and the nickname "Bu", although he stopped being a practicing Muslim in the 1950s and continued to perform under the name "Art Blakey" throughout his career. As the 1950s began, Blakey was backing musicians such as Davis, Parker, Gillespie, Bud Powell and Thelonious Monk ; he
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2604-404: The inventors of the modern bebop style of drumming. Max Roach described him thus: Art was an original... He's the only drummer whose time I recognize immediately. And his signature style was amazing; we used to call him 'Thunder.' When I first met him on 52d Street in 1944, he already had the polyrhythmic thing down. Art was perhaps the best at maintaining independence with all four limbs. He
2666-478: The key figures of the hard bop movement of the late 1950s to early 1960s, and of the Neotraditionalist movement of the 1980s and 1990s, both of which had the Jazz Messengers in a stylistically seminal role. In the words of drummer Cindy Blackman shortly after Blakey's death, "When jazz was in danger of dying out [during the 1970s], there was still a scene. Art kept it going." Blakey was inducted into
2728-429: The people and find out just how they lived and—about the drums especially." He stated in a 1979 interview, discussing the context of the decision at the time: I didn't go to Africa to study drums – somebody wrote that – I went to Africa because there wasn't anything else for me to do. I couldn't get any gigs, and I had to work my way over on a boat. I went over there to study religion and philosophy. I didn't bother with
2790-407: The producer of Concert by the Sea ; and with Jim Doran his biographer. The film attempts to address Garner's fall from prominence after his death, reminding viewers how popular and original he was in his day as well as why he is considered in many quarters a legend, one of the true greats of jazz. On June 15, 2015, the estate of Martha Glaser , Garner's longtime manager, announced the formation of
2852-423: The rest of the tune — that left listeners and even fellow band members in suspense as to what the piece would be or when the introduction would come to an end. Bassist Ray Brown called Garner "The Happy Man". Pianist Ross Tompkins described Garner's distinctiveness as due to "happiness". Garner's first recordings were made in late 1944 at the apartment of Timme Rosenkrantz ; these subsequently were issued as
2914-407: The theme while employing novel chord voicings and other devices. He developed a signature style that involved his right hand playing slightly behind the beat while his left strummed a steady rhythm and punctuation, creating a carefree quality and at the same time an exciting rhythmic tension. He would also enhance the effect by accelerating and decelerating the beat in the right hand, a device nicknamed
2976-409: The years the band became known as an incubator for young talent, including Freddie Hubbard , Wayne Shorter , Lee Morgan , Benny Golson , Kenny Dorham , Hank Mobley , Donald Byrd , Jackie McLean , Johnny Griffin , Curtis Fuller , Chuck Mangione , Chick Corea , Keith Jarrett , Cedar Walton , Woody Shaw , Terence Blanchard , and Wynton Marsalis . The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz calls
3038-643: The youngest of six children. He attended George Westinghouse High School (as did fellow pianists Billy Strayhorn and Ahmad Jamal ). Interviews with his family, music teachers, other musicians, and a detailed family tree can be found in Erroll Garner: The Most Happy Piano by James M. Doran. Garner began playing piano at the age of three. His elder siblings were taught piano by a "Miss Bowman." From an early age, Erroll would sit down and play anything she had demonstrated, "just like Miss Bowman", his eldest sister Martha said. Garner
3100-417: The youngsters. When these get too old I'll get some younger ones. Keeps the mind active." After weathering the fusion era in the 1970s, the popularity of the Jazz Messengers faded away. But Blakey's band continued performing with new jazz men such as Terence Blanchard and Kenny Garrett . He continued performing and touring with the group through the end of the 1980s. Ralph Peterson, Jr. joined in 1983 as
3162-541: Was able to play a large portion of the performed music by memory. Garner sued Columbia Records in 1960 for breach of contract after Columbia released several recordings without Garner's consent. Garner had signed a five-year deal with Columbia in 1956, which contained an unprecedented clause (negotiated with the aid of manager Martha Glaser) giving Garner the right to approve the release of any of his recorded music. After three years of litigation, during which time Columbia continued to release Garner recordings against his will,
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#17327945148473224-583: Was also recorded by Ella Fitzgerald , Frank Sinatra , Sarah Vaughan , Ray Stevens and Aretha Franklin . One World Concert was recorded at the 1962 Seattle World Fair (and in 1959 stretching out in the studios) and features Eddie Calhoun on bass and Kelly Martin on drums. Other works include 1951's Long Ago and Far Away , 1953's Erroll Garner at the Piano with Wyatt Ruther and Fats Heard, 1957's The Most Happy Piano , 1970's Feeling Is Believing and 1974's Magician , on which Garner performs
3286-475: Was also self-taught. By seventh grade, Blakey was playing music full-time and had begun to take on adult responsibilities, playing the piano to earn money and learning to be a band leader. He switched from piano to drums at an uncertain date in the early 1930s. An oft-quoted account of the event states that Blakey was forced at gunpoint to move from piano to drums by a club owner, to allow Erroll Garner to take over on piano. The veracity of this story
3348-415: Was an American jazz pianist and composer known for his swing playing and ballads. His instrumental ballad " Misty ", his best-known composition, has become a jazz standard . It was first recorded in 1956 with Mitch Miller and his orchestra, and played a prominent part in the 1971 motion picture Play Misty for Me . Scott Yanow of Allmusic calls him "one of the most distinctive of all pianists" and
3410-584: Was described by Jerry "Tiger" Pearson as a storyteller, as having a "big appetite for music [...] women [and] food", and an interest in the sport of boxing . Blakey married four times and had other long-lasting relationships throughout his life. He married his first wife, Clarice Stewart, while yet a teen, then Diana Bates (1956), Atsuko Nakamura (1968), and Anne Arnold (1983 ). He had 10 children from these relationships — Gwendolyn, Evelyn, Jackie, Kadijah, Sakeena, Akira, Art Jr., Takashi, Kenji and Gamal. Sandy Warren, another longtime companion of Blakey, published
3472-579: Was doing it before anybody was." His drumming form made continuing use of the traditional grip , though in later appearances he is also seen using a matched grip . In a 1973 drum battle with Ginger Baker he can be seen repeatedly changing grip during his performance. As the supporting materials for Ken Burns 's series Jazz notes, "Blakey is a major figure in modern jazz and an important stylist in drums. From his earliest recording sessions with Eckstine, and particularly in his historic sessions with Monk in 1947, he exudes power and originality, creating
3534-667: Was founded in 1982 in Aberlady, Scotland. On September 26, 1992, Garnerphiles from England, Scotland, Germany and the US met in London for a unique and historic get-together. The guests of honour were Eddie Calhoun (bassist) and Kelly Martin (drummer), Garner's rhythm section from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s. On June 15, 1996, many of the UK's Garnerphiles converged in Cheltenham for an afternoon of music, food and fun on what would have been Garner's 75th birthday. That evening, they learned of
3596-486: Was raised with his siblings by a family friend who became a surrogate mother. According to Leslie Gourse 's biography, the surrogate mother was Annie Parran and her husband Henry Parran Sr. The stories related by family and friends, and by Blakey himself, are contradictory as to how long he spent with the Parran family, but it is clear he spent some time with them growing up. Blakey received some piano lessons at school but
3658-830: Was released on Sony Legacy/Octave featuring 14 previously unreleased tracks. On July 13, 2018, a live concert recording of Garner playing in 1964 at the Concertgebouw in the Netherlands was released by Mack Avenue Records with the title Nightconcert. In November, 2021, Garner posthumously was featured on "All Night Parking" with Adele on the latter's fourth studio album . In 2016, Downtown Music Publishing entered an exclusive worldwide administration agreement with Octave Music Publishing Corp. The deal covers all of Garner's works including " Misty ", as well as Garner's extensive archive of master recordings, many of which remain unreleased. Garner did not marry, but fathered
3720-462: Was selectively deaf. He'd go deaf when you asked him about money, but if it was real quiet and you talked to him one-on-one, then he could hear you just fine.'" Blakey's final performances were in July 1990. Blakey assumed an aggressive swing style of contemporaries Chick Webb , Sid Catlett and Ray Bauduc early in his career, and is known, alongside Kenny Clarke and Max Roach , as one of
3782-573: Was self-taught and remained an "ear player" all his life, never learning to read music. At age 7, he began appearing on the radio station KDKA in Pittsburgh with a group named the Candy Kids. By age 11, he was playing on the Allegheny riverboats. In 1937 he joined local saxophonist Leroy Brown . He played locally in the shadow of Linton Garner , his older brother, also a pianist. Garner moved to New York City in 1944. He briefly worked with
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#17327945148473844-541: Was survived by nine children: Gwendolyn, Evelyn, Jackie, Sakeena, Kadijah, Akira, Takashi, Gamal, and Kenji. At his funeral at the Abyssinian Baptist Church on October 22, 1990, a tribute group assembled of past Jazz Messengers including Brian Lynch , Javon Jackson , Geoffrey Keezer , Wynton Marsalis , Terence Blanchard , Valery Ponomarev , Benny Golson , Donald Harrison , Essiet Okon Essiet , and drummer Kenny Washington performed several of
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