36-577: The Orissa High Court is the High Court for the Indian state of Odisha . The then Bengal Presidency was a vast province including present day Assam , Bihar , Jharkhand , Odisha , and West Bengal . It was difficult to administratively manage such a vast area, inhabited by people speaking different languages and having different traditions. Administrative exigencies required separation of such areas which originally did not form part of Bengal. So,
72-438: A 125-feet-tall standalone lighthouse that was already on the site, a dioptric light was built on the 142-feet-high main tower of the building, raising the tower's height to 175 feet. Save for the steel girders and some ornamental tiles, almost all the material for the construction was procured locally. Brick and terracotta were brought from government brickyards. Most of the construction was executed by local artisans trained at
108-552: A High Court by letters patent dated 26 June 1862. The letters patent were issued by Queen Victoria under the authority of the British parliament 's Indian High Courts Act 1861 . The three courts are unique, established under British royal charter in contrast with the other high courts, which were established under the Indian Constitution. The Constitution of India recognises the older courts. The Madras High Court
144-530: A civil case and the session's judge when he presides over a criminal case. He is the highest judicial authority below a high court judge. Below him, there are courts of civil jurisdiction, known by different names in different states. Under Article 141 of the constitution, all courts in India, including high courts – are bound by the judgements and orders of the Supreme Court of India by precedence. Judges in
180-626: A high court are appointed by the president of India in consultation with the chief justice of India and the governor of the state under Article 217, Chapter Five of Part VI of the Constitution, but through subsequent judicial interpretations, the primacy of the appointment process is on the hands of the Judicial Collegium . High courts are headed by a chief justice. The chief justices rank fourteenth (within their respective states) and seventeenth (outside their respective states) on
216-456: A particular region have permanent benches established there. Benches are also present in states which come under the jurisdiction of a court outside its territorial limits. Smaller states with few cases may have circuit benches established. Circuit benches (known as circuit courts in some parts of the world) are temporary courts which hold proceedings for a few selected months in a year. Thus cases built up during this interim period are judged when
252-574: Is housed within the High Court campus but is poorly maintained and in disrepair. The boundaries of the complex are marked by Prakasam Road (formerly Broadway) and Rajaji Road (the old North Beach Road), stretching northward from the statue of Rajaji in the northeast and the statue of T. Prakasamgaru in the southwest within the complex. The complex houses the largest number of courts in Asia . The city civil and sessions courts, which are located inside
288-480: Is known for its quickness and reporting accuracy and its discriminating selection of cases to be reported. It occupies a premier place among Indian legal periodicals. Madras Weekly Notes is a law journal reporting criminal judgements of the Madras High Court from 1910 to till date. Citations are formatted as, e.g., "1929 1 MWN(Cr.) 1", where (left to right) 1929 is the year, 1 is the volume, "MWN(Cr.)"
324-406: Is one of four charter high courts of colonial India established in the four Presidency Towns of Madras , Bombay , Allahabad and Calcutta by letters patent granted by Queen Victoria , dated 26 June 1862. It exercises original jurisdiction over the city of Chennai, as well as extraordinary original jurisdiction, civil and criminal, under the letters patent and special original jurisdiction for
360-521: Is the abbreviated journal name, and "1" is the page number. Journals that record cases include Current Tamil Nadu Cases, Current Writ Cases, and Tamil Nadu Motor Accident Cases . Established in 2004, the Madurai bench of the Madras High Court handles cases in the fourteen southern districts of Tamil Nadu, as the court is located in the far-northern capital. The bench is located in Madurai , and has
396-467: The Chennai Beach railway station . From 1862 to 1892, the High Court was also housed there. The present buildings were officially inaugurated on 12 July 1892, when the then Madras Governor, Beilby, Baron Wenlock , handed over the key to then Chief Justice Sir Arthur Collins . British India 's three presidency towns of Madras (Chennai), Bombay (Mumbai), and Calcutta (Kolkata) were each granted
SECTION 10
#1732797931800432-422: The Indian order of precedence . The number of judges in a court is decided by dividing the average institution of main cases during the last five years by the national average, or the average rate of disposal of main cases per judge per year in that high court, whichever is higher. The Madras High Court is the oldest high court in the country, established on 26 June 1862. High courts that handle numerous cases of
468-583: The Kanyakumari , Tirunelveli , Thoothukudi , Tenkasi , Madurai , Dindigul , Ramanathapuram , Virudhunagar , Theni , Sivaganga , Pudukottai , Thanjavur , Tiruchirappalli and Karur districts under its jurisdiction. The court complex has 12 court halls, and now increased upto 25 halls furnished on the model of the court halls in the Supreme Court, the Delhi and the Madras High Court. The court, since its inauguration on 24 July 2004, has accelerated
504-425: The constitution , a state law or union law. The work of most high courts primarily consists of appeals from lower courts and writ petitions in terms of Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution. Writ jurisdiction is also the original jurisdiction of a high court. Each state is divided into judicial districts presided over by a district judge and a session judge. He is known as the district judge when he presides over
540-739: The constitutions of the separate states and as a result vary greatly from state to state. The Calcutta High Court in Kolkata (est. 1862), Bombay High Court in Mumbai (est. 1862), Madras High Court in Chennai (est. 1862), Allahabad High Court in Allahabad (est. 1866), and Bangalore High Court (now Karnataka High Court ) in Bengaluru (est. 1884) are the five oldest high courts in India. The Andhra High Court and Telangana High Court are
576-542: The Commercial Court is located in the neighbourhood of Egmore . The current Chief Justice of the Madras High Court is Sanjay V. Gangapurwala . The court houses 63 judges , including the Chief Justice. They exercise civil, criminal, writ, testamentary and admiralty jurisdiction. The Madurai Bench began functioning in 2004. The vestiges of the colonial High Court characterise the premises. Justices of
612-516: The High Court campus, are in two blocks, namely, the main and annexe buildings. Some of the city civil courts are located at Additional City Civil Court Complex at Allikulam Commercial Complex in Park Town and M. Singaravelar Maligai in George Town . The District and Session Court for Exclusive Trial of Bomb Blast Cases is located at Karayanchavadi in the neighbourhood of Poonamallee , and
648-521: The Madras High Court are led by orderlies who bear a ceremonial mace made of silver. Most High Courts and the Supreme Court of India either never had the practice or abandoned it. The Madras High Court is the birthplace of organised legal reporting in India. It is home to the Madras Law Journal , which was the first journal dedicated to reporting texts of judgments of the High Court. It started in 1891. The Saturday Club met every week. It
684-532: The Madras High Court. The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly passed a unanimous resolution appealing to the Central Government to rename the court as High Court of Tamil Nadu since the Court serves the whole state. The High Court complex is located in the southern end of George Town . The building was constructed after relocating temples on the land. The building now used exclusively by the High Court
720-516: The School of Arts. The High Court building was damaged in the shelling of Madras by SMS Emden on 22 September 1914, at the beginning of the First World War . It remains one of the few Indian buildings to have been damaged by a German attack. The building offers several points of architectural interest. The painted ceilings and the stained glass doors are masterpieces. The old lighthouse
756-567: The Section 229(1) of the Government of India Act, 1935 , on 30 April 1948. Finally, on 26 July 1948, Orissa High Court was formally inaugurated. The seat of the court is Cuttack . The court has a sanctioned judge strength of 27. In an innovative effort, Museum of Justice has been established at Quila Fort, Cuttack inside the historic compound of Barabati Quila (fort), Cuttack. High Courts of India The high courts of India are
SECTION 20
#1732797931800792-467: The architectural work of Le Corbusier ) are UNESCO World Heritage Sites . The high courts are substantially different from and should not be confused with the state courts of other federations, in that the Constitution of India includes detailed provisions for the uniform organisation and operation of all high courts. In other federations like the United States, state courts are formed under
828-574: The assistance of J. H. Stephens. Brassington initially prepared a plan to construct a building with 11 court halls at an estimate of ₹ 945,000. Six were meant for the High Court, four for the Small Causes Court, and one for the City Civil Court. An additional building to house lawyers’ chambers was added to the plan, with a first floor walkway to connect it to the main building, increasing the budget to ₹ 1,298,163. Complementing
864-577: The circuit court is in session. According to a study conducted by Bangalore -based N.G.O, Daksh, on 21 high courts in collaboration with the Ministry of Law and Justice in March 2015, it was found that average pendency of a case in high courts in India is 3 years. The buildings of Bombay High Court (as part of the Victorian and art deco ensemble of Mumbai ) and Punjab and Haryana High Court (as part of
900-557: The conflicting decisions of the various Courts in India on the same point in the hope that such procedure will enable the Courts to act in greater harmony than they do at present in the interpretation of Acts and enunciation of general principles of law and when this is not possible, to enable the Legislature to bring about such harmony by removing the ambiguities which may have given rise to such discordant views. The Madras Law Journal
936-402: The highest courts of appellate jurisdiction in each state and union territory of India . However, a high court exercises its original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the subordinate courts are not authorized by law to try such matters for lack of peculiar or territorial jurisdiction. High courts may also enjoy original jurisdiction in certain matters, if so designated, especially by
972-588: The issue of writs under the Constitution of India . Covering 107 acres, the court complex is one of the largest in the world, second only to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom . The four-storey administrative building attracts hundreds of litigants every day. The High Court consists of the Chief Justice and 74 other judges. From 1817 to 1862, the Supreme Court of Madras was opposite
1008-559: The journal were laid out in the preface of the first issue: In addition to giving our own reports of the decisions of the High Courts in Madras and other places, we hope to place before our readers translations of various Hindu Law Books which remain yet untranslated, insofar as they have bearing on questions which practically arise for decision every day in our Courts of Justice. We propose further from time to time, to place side by side
1044-481: The jurisdiction of Patna High Court. Although, on 18 May 1916, Circuit Court of Patna High Court for Odisha held its first sitting at Cuttack . On 1 April 1936 Odisha was made a separate province but no separate High Court was provided for it. The Government of India agreed to create a new High Court, and for that purpose the Government of India issued the Orissa High Court Order, 1948, under
1080-524: The new province of Bihar and Orissa was formed on 22 March 1912. However, the said new province of Bihar and Orissa was under the jurisdiction of the Calcutta High Court . On 9 February 1916, in exercise of the powers under Section 113 of the Government of India Act, 1915 , the King of the United Kingdom issued letters of patent constituting the High Court of Patna . Odisha was placed under
1116-521: The newest high courts, established on 1 January 2019 according to the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 . The following are the 25 high courts in India, sorted by name, year established, act by which it was established, jurisdiction, principal seat (headquarters), permanent benches (subordinate to the principal seat), circuit benches (functional a few days in a month/year), the maximum number of judges sanctioned, and
Orissa High Court - Misplaced Pages Continue
1152-422: The presiding chief justice of the high court: Madras High Court The High Court of Judicature at Madras is a High Court located in Chennai , India. It has appellate jurisdiction over the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry . It is one of the oldest high courts of India along with Calcutta High Court in Kolkata and Bombay High Court in Mumbai . The Madras High Court
1188-613: Was a pioneer in Original Side jurisdiction reform in favor of Indian practitioners as early as the 1870s. The history means that the decisions of the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council are still binding on it, provided that the ratio of a case has not been overruled by the Supreme Court of India . Although the city was renamed from Madras to Chennai in 1996, the Court continued as
1224-468: Was built to also house the Courts of Small Causes and the City Civil Court. These were subsequently shifted to other buildings on the campus. The High Court building is an example of Indo-Saracenic architecture . Construction began in October 1888 and was completed in 1892 following the design prepared by J. W. Brassington, and later under the guidance of architect Henry Irwin , who completed it with
1260-509: Was formed by merging the Supreme Court of Judicature at Madras, and the Sadr Diwani Adalat . The Court was required to decide cases in accordance with justice, equity and good conscience. The earliest judges included Holloway, Innes, and Morgan. The first Indian to sit on the High Court was Justice T. Muthuswamy Iyer . Other early Indian judges included Justices V. Krishnaswamy Iyer and P. R. Sundaram Iyer . The Madras High Court
1296-692: Was started at the house of the Vakil Bar's senior member Sir S. Subramania Iyer in Mylapore in 1888. All leading members of the Madras Bar took part. At one meeting, it was decided to start The Madras Law Journal , which was inspired by other newly established periodicals such as Law Quarterly Review , started by Sir Frederick Pollock in England in 1885 and The Harvard Law Review established by Harvard Law School Association in 1887. The objectives of
#799200