42-616: The Ottawa Journal was a daily broadsheet newspaper published in Ottawa , Ontario , Canada , from 1885 to 1980. It was founded in 1885 by A. Woodburn as the Ottawa Evening Journal . Its first editor was John Wesley Dafoe who came from the Winnipeg Free Press . In 1886, it was bought by Philip Dansken Ross . The paper began publishing a morning edition in 1917. In 1919, the paper's publishers bought
84-463: A 1712 tax was imposed on newspapers based on their page counts. However, larger formats had long been signs of status in printed objects and still are in many places. Outside of Britain the broadsheet developed for other reasons unrelated to the British tax structure including style and authority. With the early mechanization of the 19th century came an increased production of printed materials including
126-577: A second major newspaper until the debut of the Ottawa Sun in 1988. The paper's politics were generally regarded as conservative . Broadsheet A broadsheet is the largest newspaper format and is characterized by long vertical pages, typically of 22.5 inches (57 cm). Other common newspaper formats include the smaller Berliner and tabloid – compact formats. Many broadsheets measure roughly 28 by 22 + 3 ⁄ 4 in (711 by 578 mm) per full broadsheet spread, twice
168-515: A source of frightened fascination for several decades. At the height of Spring-Heeled Jack hysteria, several women reported being attacked by a clawed monster of a man breathing blue flames. The last 'sighting' was in Liverpool in 1904. In 1838, Robin Hood featured in a series of penny dreadfuls titled Robin Hood and Little John: or, The Merry Men of Sherwood Forest , which sparked the beginning of
210-462: A traditional tabloid) on 12 September 2005. In June 2017, the Guardian announced it would again change the format to tabloid size – the first tabloid edition was published on 15 January 2018. The main motivation cited for this shift was that commuters prefer papers that they can hold easily on public transport and that other readers also might find the smaller formats more convenient. In
252-508: Is called its web. The now-common 11-inch-wide front page broadsheet newspapers in the United States use a 44-inch web newsprint roll. With profit margins narrowing for newspapers in the wake of competition from broadcast, cable television, and the internet, newspapers are looking to standardize the size of the newsprint roll. The Wall Street Journal with its 12-inch-wide front page was printed on 48-inch web newsprint. Early adopters in
294-612: Is most obvious on the front page since tabloids tend to have a single story dominated by a headline, and broadsheets allow two or more stories to be displayed of which the most important sit at the top of the page " above the fold ." A few newspapers, though, such as the German Bild-Zeitung and others throughout Central Europe are tabloids in terms of content but use the physical broadsheet format. In 2003, The Independent started concurrent production of both broadsheet and tabloid (" compact ") editions, carrying exactly
336-702: The Government of Canada to conduct the Royal Commission on Newspapers , commonly known as the Kent Commission. To many, it seemed that possibly-illegal collusion to reduce competition had occurred. Charges were brought against both Southam and Thomson in April 1981 under the now-defunct Combines Investigation Act that alleged a breach of section 33 by merger or monopolistic conduct, but they were dismissed on 9 December 1983. Ottawa went without
378-599: The Ottawa Free Press , whose former owner, E. Norman Smith , then became editor with Grattan O'Leary . In 1959, it was bought by F.P. Publications . By then, the Journal , whose readers tended to come from rural areas, was trailing the Ottawa Citizen , its main competitor. The paper encountered labour problems in the 1970s and never really recovered. In 1980, it was bought by Thomson Newspapers and
420-646: The 'ha'penny dreadfuller'". The quality of the Harmsworth/ Amalgamated Press papers began to improve throughout the early 20th century, however. By the time of the First World War , papers such as Union Jack dominated the market in the UK. The penny dreadfuls were also challenged by book series such as The Penny Library of Famous Books launched in 1896 by George Newnes which he characterized as "penny delightfuls" intended to counter
462-536: The 1830s, penny dreadfuls featured characters such as Sweeney Todd , Dick Turpin , Varney the Vampire , and Spring-heeled Jack . The BBC called penny dreadfuls "a 19th-century British publishing phenomenon". By the 1850s, there were up to a hundred publishers of penny-fiction, and in the 1860s and 1870s more than a million boys' periodicals were sold per week. The Guardian described penny dreadfuls as "Britain's first taste of mass-produced popular culture for
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#1732772493035504-480: The 19th century in the United Kingdom. The pejorative term is roughly interchangeable with penny horrible , penny awful , and penny blood . The term typically referred to a story published in weekly parts of 8 to 16 pages, each costing one penny . The subject matter of these stories was typically sensational, focusing on the exploits of detectives, criminals, or supernatural entities. First published in
546-540: The Industrial period. The wide circulation of this sensationalist literature, however, contributed to an ever-greater fear of crime in mid-Victorian Britain. The popularity of penny dreadfuls among British children was challenged in the 1890s by the rise of competing literature. Leading the challenge were popular periodicals published by Alfred Harmsworth. Priced at one half-penny , Harmsworth's story papers were cheaper and, at least initially, were more respectable than
588-615: The United States, The Wall Street Journal made headlines when it announced its overseas version would convert to a tabloid on 17 October 2005. Strong debate occurred in the US on whether or not the rest of the national papers will or even should follow the trend of the European papers and The Wall Street Journal . The Wall Street Journal overseas edition switched back to a broadsheet format in 2015. Penny dreadful Penny dreadfuls were cheap popular serial literature produced during
630-543: The Vampire (1845–47). Varney is the tale of the vampire Sir Francis Varney and introduced many of the tropes present in vampire fiction recognizable to modern audiences—it was the first story to refer to sharpened teeth for a vampire. Highwaymen were popular heroes; Black Bess or the Knight of the Road , outlining the largely imaginary exploits of real-life English highwayman Dick Turpin , continued for 254 episodes and
672-423: The advantage of being easier to handle, particularly among commuters. In some countries, especially Australia , Canada , the UK, and the US, broadsheet newspapers are commonly perceived to be more intellectual in content than their tabloid counterparts. They tend to use their greater size to publish stories exploring topics in-depth and carry less sensationalist and celebrity -oriented material. The distinction
714-409: The blending of broadsides and newspapers, creating the modern broadsheet newspaper . Modern printing facilities most efficiently print broadsheet sections in multiples of eight pages (with four front pages and four back pages). The broadsheet is then cut in half during the process. Thus, the newsprint rolls used are defined by the width necessary to print four front pages. The width of a newsprint roll
756-439: The broadside, as well as the competing penny dreadful . Newspapers all over Europe were then starting to print their issues on broadsheets. However, in the United Kingdom, the main competition for the broadside was the gradual reduction of the newspaper tax, beginning in the 1830s until its eventual dismissal in 1855. With the increased production of newspapers and literacy, the demand for visual reporting and journalists led to
798-421: The competition. Harmsworth claimed to be motivated by a wish to challenge the pernicious influence of penny dreadfuls. According to an editorial in the first number of The Half-penny Marvel in 1893: It is almost a daily occurrence with magistrates to have before them boys who, having read a number of 'dreadfuls', followed the examples set forth in such publications, robbed their employers, bought revolvers with
840-509: The cost, passing the flimsy booklets from reader to reader. Other enterprising youngsters would collect several consecutive parts then rent the volume out to friends. In 1866, Boys of England was introduced as a new type of publication, an eight-page magazine that featured serial stories as well as articles and shorts of interest. Numerous competitors quickly followed, including Boys' Leisure Hour , Boys' Standard , Young Men of Great Britain (a short lived companion to Boys of England ). As
882-404: The criminal, or a generic woodcut of a hanging taking place. There would be a written account of the crime and of the trial and often the criminal's confession of guilt. A doggerel verse warning others to not follow the executed person's example, to avoid their fate, was another common feature. Victorian-era Britain experienced social changes that resulted in increased literacy rates. With
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#1732772493035924-442: The downsizing of broadsheets used a 50-inch web ( 12 + 1 ⁄ 2 -inch front pages). However, the 48-inch web is now rapidly becoming the definitive standard in the U.S. The New York Times held out on the downsizing until July 2006, saying it would stick to its 54-inch web ( 13 + 1 ⁄ 2 -inch front page). However, the paper adopted the narrower format beginning Monday, 6 August 2007. The smaller newspapers also have
966-403: The dreadfuls' appeal, often acting as a teaser for future installments. As one reader said, "You see's an engraving of a man hung up, burning over a fire, and some [would] go mad if they couldn't learn… all about him." One publisher's rallying cry to his illustrators was "more blood – much more blood!" Working class boys who could not afford a penny each week often formed clubs that would share
1008-525: The front page "half of a broadsheet" size, rather than the full, unfolded broadsheet spread. Some quote actual page size and others quote the "printed area" size. The two versions of the broadsheet are: The broadsheet, broadside , was used as a format for musical and popular prints in the 17th century. Eventually, people began using the broadsheet as a source for political activism by reprinting speeches. Broadsheet newspapers developed in Britain after
1050-456: The genre. The serials were priced to be affordable to working-class readers and were considerably cheaper than the serialised novels of authors such as Charles Dickens , which cost a shilling [twelve pennies] per part. The stories were reprints, or sometimes rewrites, of the earliest Gothic thrillers such as The Castle of Otranto or The Monk , as well as new stories about famous criminals. The first ever penny blood, published in 1836,
1092-469: The invention of tracks, engines, and the corresponding railway distribution (the first public railway, Stockton and Darlington Railway , opened in 1825). These changes created both a market for cheap popular literature and the ability for it to be circulated on a large scale. The first penny serials were published in 1836 to meet this demand. Between 1830 and 1850 there were up to 100 publishers of penny-fiction, in addition to many magazines which embraced
1134-405: The mass circulation of Robin Hood stories. Other serials were thinly-disguised plagiarisms of popular contemporary literature. The publisher Edward Lloyd , for instance, published numerous hugely successful penny serials derived from the works of Charles Dickens, such as Oliver Twiss and Nickelas Nicklebery . The illustration which featured at the start of each issue was an integral part of
1176-533: The paper's demise in 1933. In total, Blake appeared in roughly 4,000 adventures, right up into the 1970s. Harkaway was also popular in America and had many imitators. The fictional Sweeney Todd , the subject of both a successful musical by Stephen Sondheim and a feature film by Tim Burton , first appeared in an 1846/1847 penny dreadful titled The String of Pearls: A Romance by James Malcolm Rymer and Thomas Peckett Prest . The penny dreadfuls inspired
1218-675: The pernicious effects of the penny dreadfuls, and such as the Penny Popular Novels launched in 1896 by W. T. Stead . Two popular characters to come out of the penny dreadfuls were Jack Harkaway, introduced in the Boys of England in 1871, and Sexton Blake , who began in the Half-penny Marvel in 1893. In 1904, the Union Jack became "Sexton Blake's own paper", and he appeared in every issue thereafter, up until
1260-523: The price and quality of other types of fiction works were the same, these also fell under the general definition of penny dreadfuls. Appearing in the 1860s, American dime novels were edited and rewritten for a British audience. These appeared in booklet form, such as the Boy's First Rate Pocket Library . Frank Reade , Buffalo Bill , and Deadwood Dick were all popular with the penny dreadful audience. The penny dreadfuls were influential since they were, in
1302-467: The proceeds, and finished by running away from home, and installing themselves in the back streets as 'highwaymen'. This and many other evils the 'penny dreadful' is responsible for. It makes thieves of the coming generation, and so helps fill our gaols. The Half-penny Marvel was soon followed by other Harmsworth half-penny periodicals, such as The Union Jack . At first the stories were high-minded moral tales, reportedly based on true experiences, but it
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1344-479: The rise of capitalism and industrialisation , people began to spend more money on entertainment, contributing to the popularisation of the novel . Improvements in printing resulted in newspapers such as Joseph Addison 's The Spectator and Richard Steele 's Tatler , and England's more fully recognizing the singular concept of reading as a form of leisure; it was, of itself, a new industry. Other significant changes included an increased capacity for travel via
1386-476: The same content. The Times did likewise, but with less apparent success, with readers vocally opposing the change. The Independent ceased to be available in broadsheet format in May 2004, and The Times followed suit from November 2004; The Scotsman is also now published only in tabloid format. The Guardian switched to the "Berliner" or "midi" format found in some other European countries (slightly larger than
1428-466: The size of a standard tabloid. Australian and New Zealand broadsheets always have a paper size of A1 per spread (841 by 594 mm or 33.1 by 23.4 in). South African broadsheet newspapers have a double-page spread sheet size of 820 by 578 mm (32.3 by 22.8 in) (single-page live print area of 380 x 545 mm). Others measure 22 in (560 mm) vertically. In the United States ,
1470-410: The traditional dimensions for the front page half of a broadsheet are 12 in (305 mm) wide by 22.75 in (578 mm) long. However, in efforts to save newsprint costs, many U.S. newspapers have downsized to 11 in (279 mm) wide by 21 in (533 mm) long for a folded page. Many rate cards and specification cards refer to the "broadsheet size" with dimensions representing
1512-481: The words of one commentator, "the most alluring and low-priced form of escapist reading available to ordinary youth, until the advent in the early 1890s of future newspaper magnate Alfred Harmsworth 's price-cutting 'halfpenny dreadfuller'". In reality, the serial novels were overdramatic and sensational but generally harmless. If anything, the penny dreadfuls, although not the most enlightening or inspiring of literary selections, resulted in increasingly literate youth in
1554-532: The young", and "the Victorian equivalent of video games". While the term "penny dreadful" was originally used in reference to a specific type of literature circulating in mid- Victorian Britain , it came to encompass a variety of publications that featured cheap sensational fiction, such as story papers and booklet "libraries". The penny dreadfuls were printed on cheap wood pulp paper and were aimed at young working class men. The popularity of penny dreadfuls
1596-645: Was called Lives of the Most Notorious Highwaymen, Footpads, &c . The story continued over 60 issues, each eight pages of tightly-packed text with one half-page illustration. Some of the most famous of these penny part-stories were The String of Pearls: A Domestic Romance (introducing Sweeney Todd , "the Demon Barber of Fleet Street "), The Mysteries of London (inspired by the French serial The Mysteries of Paris ), and Varney
1638-399: Was challenged in the 1890s by the rise of competing literature, especially the half-penny periodicals published by Alfred Harmsworth . Crime broadsides were commonly sold at public executions in the United Kingdom in the 18th and 19th centuries. These were often produced by printers who specialised in them. They were typically illustrated by a crude picture of the crime, a portrait of
1680-584: Was closed on 27 August 1980. That left Southam Newspapers 's Ottawa Citizen as the only major English-language newspaper in Ottawa ( Le Droit remaining the only French-language daily newspaper in Ottawa). The closure aroused considerable controversy since a day later, Southam closed the Winnipeg Tribune , the primary rival to Thomson's Winnipeg Free Press . Concern over both incidents prompted
1722-430: Was not long before these papers started using the same kind of material as the publications they competed against. From 1896, the cover of Illustrated Chips featured the long-running comic strip of the tramps Weary Willie and Tired Tim, with a young Charlie Chaplin among its readers. A. A. Milne , the author of Winnie-the-Pooh , once said, "Harmsworth killed the penny dreadful by the simple process of producing
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1764-522: Was well over 2,000 pages long. Turpin was not executed until page 2,207. Some lurid stories purported to be based on fact: Spring-Heeled Jack was what would now be called an urban myth . The first 'sighting' of him was in 1837, and he was described as having a terrifying and frightful appearance, with diabolical physiognomy, clawed hands and eyes that 'resembled red balls of fire'. He was mainly sighted in London but popped up elsewhere and seems to have been
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