22-705: Otterthal is a municipality in the Industrieviertel of Lower Austria , Austria . 61.72 percent of the municipality is forested. There are 25 agricultural companies. 266 persons are employed. The activity rate was 48.31%. This Lower Austria location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Industrieviertel Industrieviertel ( German: [ɪndʊsˈtʁiːˌfɪʁtl̩] ; English: 'Industrial Quarter' ; Slovak : Priemyselná štvrť ), or Viertel unter dem Wienerwald ( German: [ˈfɪʁtl̩ ʊntɐ deːm ˈviːnɐvalt] ; Slovak : štvrť pod Viedenským lesom ),
44-778: A further stimulus to industrial investment and economic growth . Moreover, family structures tend to shift as extended families tend to no longer live together in one household, location or place. The first transformation from an agricultural to an industrial economy is known as the Industrial Revolution and took place from the mid-18th to early 19th century. It began in Great Britain, spreading to Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, and France and eventually to other areas in Europe and North America. Characteristics of this early industrialisation were technological progress,
66-488: A shift from rural work to industrial labour, and financial investments in new industrial structures. Later commentators have called this the First Industrial Revolution. The " Second Industrial Revolution " labels the later changes that came about in the mid-19th century after the refinement of the steam engine , the invention of the internal combustion engine , the harnessing of electricity and
88-509: Is 48% of the total area of the Industrieviertel . 47°50′00″N 16°20′00″E / 47.8333°N 16.3333°E / 47.8333; 16.3333 Industrialisation Industrialisation ( UK ) or industrialization ( US ) is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society . This involves an extensive reorganisation of an economy for
110-671: Is characterized by the level of the stone field, with its brown earth soils on tertiary molasse , just as the Vienna Basin rests on Chernozem soils. The landscape in the area of the Vienna Basin is composed of vast agricultural areas, industrial areas and vineyards along the Thermenlinie ("thermal line") geological fault line of thermal springs. In the stone field, on brown earth soils, are vast pine forests which had been created under Empress Maria Theresa , to prevent
132-414: Is less able than the tertiary sector to accommodate both increased productivity and employment opportunities; more than 40% of the world's employees are " working poor ", whose incomes fail to keep themselves and their families above the $ 2-a-day poverty line . There is also a phenomenon of deindustrialisation , as in the former USSR countries' transition to market economies, and the agriculture sector
154-601: Is the southeastern quarter of the four quarters of Lower Austria (the northeast state of the 9 states in Austria). It is bordered on the north by Vienna and the Weinviertel , to the west by the Mostviertel , and to the south and east by the states of Styria and Burgenland respectively. The Vienna Woods ( Wienerwald ) forms the natural border to the west, and hence the alternate name as "Quarter below
176-584: The Wienerwald ". Since the formation of the political districts in 1868, the quarters in Lower Austria no longer have a legal basis and are purely landscape names. Today the industrial Quarter is represented by the districts Vienna Woods (Wienerwald) and the Vienna Alps (Wiener-Alpen). The Industrieviertel is made up of the following districts: Geographically, the Industrieviertel
198-690: The desertification of the arid landscape. On the slopes of the Wienerwald , different forest types have grown, depending on the climatic conditions. In the east, the view extends to the horizon, the so-called "gates" that Wienerneustadt gate, which Brucker Hainburger gate and gate to separate the Rosaliengebirge and Leitha Mountains , the Hundsheim and the Little Carpathian Mountains. Simultaneously, with
220-1058: The economic communities do not consider contemporary industrialisation policies as being adequate to the global south (Third World countries) or beneficial in the longer term, with the perception that they may only create inefficient local industries unable to compete in the free-trade dominated political order which industrialisation has fostered. Environmentalism and Green politics may represent more visceral reactions to industrial growth. Nevertheless, repeated examples in history of apparently successful industrialisation (Britain, Soviet Union, South Korea, China, etc.) may make conventional industrialisation seem like an attractive or even natural path forward, especially as populations grow, consumerist expectations rise and agricultural opportunities diminish. The relationships among economic growth, employment, and poverty reduction are complex, and higher productivity can sometimes lead to static or even lower employment (see jobless recovery ). There are differences across sectors , whereby manufacturing
242-416: The nuclear family , consisting of only parents and their growing children, predominates. Families and children reaching adulthood are more mobile and tend to relocate to where jobs exist. Extended family bonds become more tenuous. One of the most important criticisms of industrialisation is that it caused children to stay away from home for many hours and to use them as cheap workers in factories. Between
SECTION 10
#1732773299372264-497: The annual mean temperature is around 10.3 °C (50.5 °F), with approximately 630 millimetres (25 in) of precipitation, and snow cover nearly 40 days, about 95 days of frost and sunshine around 1900 hours, in contrast to Semmering with an annual average of about 5.5 °C (41.9 °F), a rainfall of about 970 millimetres (38 in), a snow cover of about 150 days, plus about 150 frost days and approximately 1500 hours of sunshine. The name Industrieviertel stems from
286-477: The construction of canals, railways, and electric-power lines. The invention of the assembly line gave this phase a boost. Coal mines, steelworks, and textile factories replaced homes as the place of work. By the end of the 20th century, East Asia had become one of the most recently industrialised regions of the world. There is considerable literature on the factors facilitating industrial modernisation and enterprise development. The Industrial Revolution
308-548: The early 1960s and 1990s, the Four Asian Tigers underwent rapid industrialisation and maintained exceptionally high growth rates. As of 2018 the international development community ( World Bank , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) , many United Nations departments, FAO WHO ILO and UNESCO , endorses development policies like water purification or primary education and co-operation amongst third world communities . Some members of
330-479: The industrial area of early industrialisation , which was already the focus of the economy in the Vienna Woods region in 1783. Because of its favorable location factors, such as proximity to raw material collected from wood, iron and coal, and hydroelectric energy sources, and wood, plus the sales-market of the nearby city of Vienna, industries increased here. The industrial district was severely affected by
352-552: The industrial center south of Lower Eco Plus. Establishments in the city of Vienna were among the first that moved into this area. Mödling , although the smallest district in the state, has the highest tax base in Austria. The size of the Industrieviertel is 4,186 square kilometres (1,616 sq mi), or 21.8% of the area of Lower Austria, as a permanent settlement. However, there are only 2,008 square kilometres (775 sq mi) available for permanent settlement, which
374-494: The installation of the pine woods, have been used for rosin production during 1761–1765, straight on the road between the towns of Wiener Neustadt and Neunkirchen , the so-called Neunkirchner Avenue, started by Joseph Liesganig with the geodetic surveying of the entire monarchy at that time. The annual mean temperature range, depending on the location, is from 11 °C (52 °F) to 4 °C (39 °F). For example, for Wiener Neustadt (280 metres or 920 feet),
396-435: The population of towns. The concentration of labour in factories has increased urbanisation and the size of settlements, to serve and house the factory workers. Family structure changes with industrialisation. Sociologist Talcott Parsons noted that in pre-industrial societies there is an extended family structure spanning many generations who probably remained in the same location for generations. In industrialised societies
418-590: The purpose of manufacturing . Industrialisation is associated with increase of polluting industries heavily dependent on fossil fuels . With the increasing focus on sustainable development and green industrial policy practices, industrialisation increasingly includes technological leapfrogging , with direct investment in more advanced, cleaner technologies. The reorganisation of the economy has many unintended consequences both economically and socially. As industrial workers' incomes rise, markets for consumer goods and services of all kinds tend to expand and provide
440-585: The transmission of diseases. The place of women in society has shifted from primary caregivers to breadwinners, thus reducing the number of children per household. Furthermore, industrialisation contributed to increased cases of child labour and thereafter education systems. As the Industrial Revolution was a shift from the agrarian society, people migrated from villages in search of jobs to places where factories were established. This shifting of rural people led to urbanisation and an increase in
462-834: The two world wars . After the Second World War , the Industrieviertel was part of the Soviet zone of occupation . Thus, the Soviets confiscated belongings of the USIA holdings company and uninstalled some machinery and entire plants completely, in order to reassemble them in the Soviet Union . There are, however, still a number of industries located here. Especially along the Thermenlinie (thermal fault line), after 1955, many small and large industrial centers were built as
SECTION 20
#1732773299372484-501: Was accompanied by significant changes in the social structure, the main change being a transition from farm work to factory-related activities. This has resulted in the concept of Social class , i.e., hierarchical social status defined by an individual's economic power. It has changed the family system as most people moved into cities, with extended family living apart becoming more common. The movement into more dense urban areas from less dense agricultural areas has consequently increased
#371628