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60-638: The digital version of the Oxford English Corpus is formatted in XML and usually analysed with Sketch Engine software. By April 27, 2006, the dictionary database had 1 billion words. Each document in the OE Corpus is accompanied by metadata including: This article about the English language is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a digital library

120-549: A numeric character reference . Consider the Chinese character "中", whose numeric code in Unicode is hexadecimal 4E2D, or decimal 20,013. A user whose keyboard offers no method for entering this character could still insert it in an XML document encoded either as &#20013; or &#x4e2d; . Similarly, the string "I <3 Jörg" could be encoded for inclusion in an XML document as I &lt;3 J&#xF6;rg . &#0;

180-453: A scripting language (e.g. JavaScript ). The W3C explicitly recommends SMIL as the standard for animation in SVG. A rich set of event handlers such as "onmouseover" and "onclick" can be assigned to any SVG graphical object to apply actions and events. Because of industry demand, two mobile profiles were introduced with SVG 1.1: SVG Tiny (SVGT) and SVG Basic (SVGB). These are subsets of

240-535: A few other, now outdated, web browsers capable of displaying SVG graphics, needed them embedded in <object> or <iframe> elements to display them integrated as parts of an HTML webpage instead of using the standard way of integrating images with <img> . However, SVG images may be included in XHTML pages using XML namespaces . Tim Berners-Lee , the inventor of the World Wide Web ,

300-838: A free command-line utility (which also uses librsvg under the hood). For web-based applications, the mode of usage termed Inline SVG allows SVG content to be embedded within an HTML document using an <svg> tag. Its graphical capabilities can then be employed to create sophisticated user interfaces as the SVG and HTML share context, event handling, and CSS. Other uses for SVG include embedding for use in word processing (e.g. with LibreOffice ) and desktop publishing (e.g. Scribus ), plotting graphs (e.g. gnuplot ), and importing paths (e.g. for use in GIMP or Blender ). The application services Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Office 2019 offer support for exporting, importing and editing SVG images. The Uniform Type Identifier for SVG used by Apple

360-448: A list of syntax rules provided in the specification. Some key points in the fairly lengthy list include: The definition of an XML document excludes texts that contain violations of well-formedness rules; they are simply not XML. An XML processor that encounters such a violation is required to report such errors and to cease normal processing. This policy, occasionally referred to as " draconian error handling", stands in notable contrast to

420-487: A logo on some website, or in some image gallery, then when the image is loaded in a browser it activates a script or other content. This could lock up the browser (the Billion laughs attack ), but could also lead to HTML injection and cross-site scripting attacks. The W3C therefore stipulate certain requirements when SVG is simply used for images: SVG Security. The W3C says that Inline SVG (an SVG file loaded natively on

480-522: A mechanism whereby an XML processor can reliably, without any prior knowledge, determine which encoding is being used. Encodings other than UTF-8 and UTF-16 are not necessarily recognized by every XML parser (and in some cases not even UTF-16, even though the standard mandates it to also be recognized). XML provides escape facilities for including characters that are problematic to include directly. For example: There are five predefined entities : All permitted Unicode characters may be represented with

540-555: A more compact non-XML syntax; the two syntaxes are isomorphic and James Clark 's conversion tool— Trang —can convert between them without loss of information. RELAX NG has a simpler definition and validation framework than XML Schema, making it easier to use and implement. It also has the ability to use datatype framework plug-ins ; a RELAX NG schema author, for example, can require values in an XML document to conform to definitions in XML Schema Datatypes. Schematron

600-506: A rich datatyping system and allow for more detailed constraints on an XML document's logical structure. XSDs also use an XML-based format, which makes it possible to use ordinary XML tools to help process them. xs:schema element that defines a schema: RELAX NG (Regular Language for XML Next Generation) was initially specified by OASIS and is now a standard (Part 2: Regular-grammar-based validation of ISO/IEC 19757 – DSDL ). RELAX NG schemas may be written in either an XML based syntax or

660-421: A validity error must be able to report it, but may continue normal processing. A DTD is an example of a schema or grammar . Since the initial publication of XML 1.0, there has been substantial work in the area of schema languages for XML. Such schema languages typically constrain the set of elements that may be used in a document, which attributes may be applied to them, the order in which they may appear, and

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720-527: A vocabulary to refer to the constructs within an XML document, but does not provide any guidance on how to access this information. A variety of APIs for accessing XML have been developed and used, and some have been standardized. Existing APIs for XML processing tend to fall into these categories: Stream-oriented facilities require less memory and, for certain tasks based on a linear traversal of an XML document, are faster and simpler than other alternatives. Tree-traversal and data-binding APIs typically require

780-622: A website) is considered less of a security risk because the content is part of a greater document, and so scripting and CSS would not be unexpected. The MPEG-4 Part 20 standard - Lightweight Application Scene Representation (LASeR) and Simple Aggregation Format (SAF) is based on SVG Tiny. It was developed by MPEG ( ISO/IEC JTC 1 /SC29/WG11) and published as ISO/IEC 14496-20:2006. SVG capabilities are enhanced in MPEG-4 Part 20 with key features for mobile services, such as dynamic updates, binary encoding, state-of-art font representation. SVG

840-401: Is public.svg-image and conforms to public.image and public.xml . As a document format, similar to HTML documents, SVG can host scripts or CSS. This is an issue when an attacker can upload a SVG file to a website, such as a profile picture, and the file is treated as a normal picture but contains malicious content. For instance, if an SVG file is deployed as a CSS background image, or

900-461: Is a lexical , event-driven API in which a document is read serially and its contents are reported as callbacks to various methods on a handler object of the user's design. SAX is fast and efficient to implement, but difficult to use for extracting information at random from the XML, since it tends to burden the application author with keeping track of what part of the document is being processed. It

960-563: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . XML Extensible Markup Language ( XML ) is a markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing arbitrary data. It defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable . The World Wide Web Consortium 's XML 1.0 Specification of 1998 and several other related specifications —all of them free open standards —define XML. The design goals of XML emphasize simplicity, generality, and usability across

1020-726: Is a language for making assertions about the presence or absence of patterns in an XML document. It typically uses XPath expressions. Schematron is now a standard (Part 3: Rule-based validation of ISO/IEC 19757 – DSDL ). DSDL (Document Schema Definition Languages) is a multi-part ISO/IEC standard (ISO/IEC 19757) that brings together a comprehensive set of small schema languages, each targeted at specific problems. DSDL includes RELAX NG full and compact syntax, Schematron assertion language, and languages for defining datatypes, character repertoire constraints, renaming and entity expansion, and namespace-based routing of document fragments to different validators. DSDL schema languages do not have

1080-459: Is also supported on various mobile devices from Motorola , Samsung , LG , and Siemens mobile / BenQ-Siemens . eSVG, an SVG rendering library mainly written for embedded devices, is available on some mobile platforms. SVG images can be hand coded or produced by the use of a vector graphics editor, such as Inkscape , Adobe Illustrator , Adobe Flash Professional , or CorelDRAW , and rendered to common raster image formats such as PNG using

1140-578: Is an XML industry data standard. XML is used extensively to underpin various publishing formats. One of the applications of XML is in the transfer of Operational meteorology (OPMET) information based on IWXXM standards. The material in this section is based on the XML Specification . This is not an exhaustive list of all the constructs that appear in XML; it provides an introduction to the key constructs most often encountered in day-to-day use. XML documents consist entirely of characters from

1200-498: Is better suited to situations in which certain types of information are always handled the same way, no matter where they occur in the document. Pull parsing treats the document as a series of items read in sequence using the iterator design pattern . This allows for writing of recursive descent parsers in which the structure of the code performing the parsing mirrors the structure of the XML being parsed, and intermediate parsed results can be used and accessed as local variables within

1260-442: Is not permitted because the null character is one of the control characters excluded from XML, even when using a numeric character reference. An alternative encoding mechanism such as Base64 is needed to represent such characters. Comments may appear anywhere in a document outside other markup. Comments cannot appear before the XML declaration. Comments begin with <!-- and end with --> . For compatibility with SGML ,

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1320-445: Is the required vector graphics format and support of SVGB is optional for Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) and Packet-switched Streaming Service. It was later added as required format for vector graphics in 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Neither mobile profile includes support for the full Document Object Model (DOM), while only SVG Basic has optional support for scripting, but because they are fully compatible subsets of

1380-423: Is typically 20 to 50 percent of the original size. W3C provides SVGZ files to test for conformance. The SVG 1.1 specification defines 14 functional areas or feature sets: An SVG document can define components including shapes, gradients etc., and use them repeatedly. SVG images can also contain raster graphics , such as PNG and JPEG images, and further SVG images. [REDACTED] This code will produce

1440-1016: The .NET Framework , and the DOM traversal API (NodeIterator and TreeWalker). SVG Scalable Vector Graphics ( SVG ) is an XML -based vector image format for defining two-dimensional graphics, having support for interactivity and animation. The SVG specification is an open standard developed by the World Wide Web Consortium since 1999. SVG images are defined in a vector graphics format and stored in XML text files. SVG images can thus be scaled in size without loss of quality, and SVG files can be searched , indexed , scripted , and compressed . The XML text files can be created and edited with text editors or vector graphics editors , and are rendered by most web browsers . If used for images, SVG can host scripts or CSS, potentially leading to cross-site scripting attacks or other security vulnerabilities. SVG has been in development within

1500-509: The Internet . It is a textual data format with strong support via Unicode for different human languages . Although the design of XML focuses on documents, the language is widely used for the representation of arbitrary data structures , such as those used in web services . Several schema systems exist to aid in the definition of XML-based languages, while programmers have developed many application programming interfaces (APIs) to aid

1560-458: The Unicode repertoire. Except for a small number of specifically excluded control characters , any character defined by Unicode may appear within the content of an XML document. XML includes facilities for identifying the encoding of the Unicode characters that make up the document, and for expressing characters that, for one reason or another, cannot be used directly. Unicode code points in

1620-591: The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) since 1999 after six competing proposals for vector graphics languages had been submitted to the consortium during 1998 (see below). The early SVG Working Group decided not to develop any of the commercial submissions, but to create a new markup language that was informed by but not really based on any of them. SVG was developed by the W3C SVG Working Group starting in 1998, after six competing vector graphics submissions were received that year: The working group

1680-410: The infoset augmentation facility and attribute defaults. RELAX NG and Schematron intentionally do not provide these. A cluster of specifications closely related to XML have been developed, starting soon after the initial publication of XML 1.0. It is frequently the case that the term "XML" is used to refer to XML together with one or more of these other technologies that have come to be seen as part of

1740-701: The SVG Open 2005 conference, Sun demonstrated a mobile implementation of SVG Tiny 1.1 for the Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) platform. Mobiles that use Opera Mobile , as well as the iPhone 's built in browser, also include SVG support. However, even though it used the WebKit engine, the Android built-in browser did not support SVG prior to v3.0 (Honeycomb). Prior to v3.0, Firefox Mobile 4.0b2 (beta) for Android

1800-665: The SVG XML elements or via scripting that accesses the SVG Document Object Model (DOM). SVG uses CSS for styling and JavaScript for scripting. Text, including internationalization and localization , appearing in plain text within the SVG DOM, enhances the accessibility of SVG graphics. Though the SVG Specification primarily focuses on vector graphics markup language , its design includes

1860-429: The XML core. Some other specifications conceived as part of the "XML Core" have failed to find wide adoption, including XInclude , XLink , and XPointer . The design goals of XML include, "It shall be easy to write programs which process XML documents." Despite this, the XML specification contains almost no information about how programmers might go about doing such processing. The XML Infoset specification provides

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1920-555: The XML processor inserts in the DTD itself and in the XML document wherever they are referenced, like character escapes. DTD technology is still used in many applications because of its ubiquity. A newer schema language, described by the W3C as the successor of DTDs, is XML Schema , often referred to by the initialism for XML Schema instances, XSD (XML Schema Definition). XSDs are far more powerful than DTDs in describing XML languages. They use

1980-434: The allowable parent/child relationships. The oldest schema language for XML is the document type definition (DTD), inherited from SGML. DTDs have the following benefits: DTDs have the following limitations: Two peculiar features that distinguish DTDs from other schema types are the syntactic support for embedding a DTD within XML documents and for defining entities , which are arbitrary fragments of text or markup that

2040-621: The base language for communication protocols such as SOAP and XMPP . It is one of the message exchange formats used in the Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) programming technique. Many industry data standards, such as Health Level 7 , OpenTravel Alliance , FpML , MISMO , and National Information Exchange Model are based on XML and the rich features of the XML schema specification. In publishing, Darwin Information Typing Architecture

2100-460: The basic capabilities of a page description language like Adobe's PDF . It contains provisions for rich graphics, and is compatible with CSS for styling purposes. SVG has the information needed to place each glyph and image in a chosen location on a printed page. SVG drawings can be dynamic and interactive. Time-based modifications to the elements can be described in SMIL , or can be programmed in

2160-401: The behavior of programs that process HTML , which are designed to produce a reasonable result even in the presence of severe markup errors. XML's policy in this area has been criticized as a violation of Postel's law ("Be conservative in what you send; be liberal in what you accept"). The XML specification defines a valid XML document as a well-formed XML document which also conforms to

2220-423: The case of C1 characters, this restriction is a backwards incompatibility; it was introduced to allow common encoding errors to be detected. The code point U+0000 (Null) is the only character that is not permitted in any XML 1.1 document. The Unicode character set can be encoded into bytes for storage or transmission in a variety of different ways, called "encodings". Unicode itself defines encodings that cover

2280-801: The colored shapes shown in the image, excluding the grid and labels: The use of SVG on the web was limited by the lack of support in older versions of Internet Explorer (IE). Many websites that serve SVG images also provide the images in a raster format , either automatically by HTTP content negotiation or by allowing the user directly to choose the file. Konqueror was the first browser to support SVG in release version 3.2 in February 2004. As of 2011, all major desktop browsers, and many minor ones, have some level of SVG support. Other browsers' implementations are not yet complete; see comparison of layout engines for further details. Some earlier versions of Firefox (e.g. versions between 1.5 and 3.6 ), as well as

2340-429: The data structure and contain metadata . What is within the tags is data, encoded in the way the XML standard specifies. An additional XML schema (XSD) defines the necessary metadata for interpreting and validating XML. (This is also referred to as the canonical schema.) An XML document that adheres to basic XML rules is "well-formed"; one that adheres to its schema is "valid." IETF RFC 7303 (which supersedes

2400-442: The direct use of almost any Unicode character in element names, attributes, comments, character data, and processing instructions (other than the ones that have special symbolic meaning in XML itself, such as the less-than sign, "<"). The following is a well-formed XML document including Chinese , Armenian and Cyrillic characters: The XML specification defines an XML document as a well-formed text, meaning that it satisfies

2460-523: The entire repertoire; well-known ones include UTF-8 (which the XML standard recommends using, without a BOM ) and UTF-16 . There are many other text encodings that predate Unicode, such as ASCII and various ISO/IEC 8859 ; their character repertoires are in every case subsets of the Unicode character set. XML allows the use of any of the Unicode-defined encodings and any other encodings whose characters also appear in Unicode. XML also provides

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2520-498: The following ranges are valid in XML 1.0 documents: XML 1.1 extends the set of allowed characters to include all the above, plus the remaining characters in the range U+0001–U+001F. At the same time, however, it restricts the use of C0 and C1 control characters other than U+0009 (Horizontal Tab), U+000A (Line Feed), U+000D (Carriage Return), and U+0085 (Next Line) by requiring them to be written in escaped form (for example U+0001 must be written as &#x01; or its equivalent). In

2580-471: The full SVG standard, mainly intended for user agents with limited capabilities. In particular, SVG Tiny was defined for highly restricted mobile devices such as cellphones ; it does not support styling or scripting. SVG Basic was defined for higher-level mobile devices, such as smartphones . In 2003, the 3GPP , an international telecommunications standards group, adopted SVG Tiny as the mandatory vector graphics media format for next-generation phones. SVGT

2640-415: The full standard, most SVG graphics can still be rendered by devices which only support the mobile profiles. SVGT 1.2 adds a microDOM (μDOM), styling and scripting. SVGT 1.2 also includes some features not found in SVG 1.1, including non-scaling strokes, which are supported by some SVG 1.1 implementations, such as Opera, Firefox and WebKit. As shared code bases between desktop and mobile browsers increased,

2700-708: The functions performing the parsing, or passed down (as function parameters) into lower-level functions, or returned (as function return values) to higher-level functions. Examples of pull parsers include Data::Edit::Xml in Perl , StAX in the Java programming language, XMLPullParser in Smalltalk , XMLReader in PHP , ElementTree.iterparse in Python , SmartXML in Red , System.Xml.XmlReader in

2760-550: The older RFC 3023 ), provides rules for the construction of media types for use in XML message. It defines three media types: application/xml ( text/xml is an alias), application/xml-external-parsed-entity ( text/xml-external-parsed-entity is an alias) and application/xml-dtd . They are used for transmitting raw XML files without exposing their internal semantics . RFC 7303 further recommends that XML-based languages be given media types ending in +xml , for example, image/svg+xml for SVG . Further guidelines for

2820-739: The platform's SVG engine. Nokia has also led the JSR 226: Scalable 2D Vector Graphics API expert group that defines Java ME API for SVG presentation and manipulation. This API has been implemented in S60 Platform 3rd Edition Feature Pack 1 and onward. Some Series 40 phones also support SVG (such as Nokia 6280 ). Most Sony Ericsson phones beginning with K700 (by release date) support SVG Tiny 1.1. Phones beginning with K750 also support such features as opacity and gradients. Phones with Sony Ericsson Java Platform-8 have support for JSR 226. Windows Phone has supported SVG since version 7.5. SVG

2880-449: The processing of XML data. The main purpose of XML is serialization , i.e. storing, transmitting, and reconstructing arbitrary data. For two disparate systems to exchange information, they need to agree upon a file format. XML standardizes this process. It is therefore analogous to a lingua franca for representing information. As a markup language , XML labels, categorizes, and structurally organizes information. XML tags represent

2940-487: The rules of a Document Type Definition (DTD). In addition to being well formed, an XML document may be valid . This means that it contains a reference to a Document Type Definition (DTD), and that its elements and attributes are declared in that DTD and follow the grammatical rules for them that the DTD specifies. XML processors are classified as validating or non-validating depending on whether or not they check XML documents for validity. A processor that discovers

3000-503: The same software. Additionally, editors like Inkscape and Boxy SVG provide tools to trace raster images to Bézier curves typically using image tracing back-ends like potrace , autotrace, and imagetracerjs. Software can be programmed to render SVG images by using a library such as librsvg used by GNOME since 2000, Batik and ThorVG (Thor Vector Graphics) since 2020 for lightweight systems. SVG images can also be rendered to any desired popular image format by using ImageMagick ,

3060-469: The string "--" (double-hyphen) is not allowed inside comments; this means comments cannot be nested. The ampersand has no special significance within comments, so entity and character references are not recognized as such, and there is no way to represent characters outside the character set of the document encoding. An example of a valid comment: <!--no need to escape <code> & such in comments--> XML 1.0 (Fifth Edition) and XML 1.1 support

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3120-414: The use of SVG 1.1 over SVGT 1.2 also increased. SVG images, being XML, contain many repeated fragments of text, so they are well suited for lossless data compression algorithms. When an SVG image has been compressed with the gzip algorithm, it is referred to as an "SVGZ" image and uses the corresponding .svgz filename extension. Conforming SVG 1.1 viewers will display compressed images. An SVGZ file

3180-530: The use of XML in a networked context appear in RFC 3470 , also known as IETF BCP 70, a document covering many aspects of designing and deploying an XML-based language. XML has come into common use for the interchange of data over the Internet. Hundreds of document formats using XML syntax have been developed, including RSS , Atom , Office Open XML , OpenDocument , SVG , COLLADA , and XHTML . XML also provides

3240-472: The use of much more memory, but are often found more convenient for use by programmers; some include declarative retrieval of document components via the use of XPath expressions. XSLT is designed for declarative description of XML document transformations, and has been widely implemented both in server-side packages and Web browsers. XQuery overlaps XSLT in its functionality, but is designed more for searching of large XML databases . Simple API for XML (SAX)

3300-426: The vendor support of XML Schemas yet, and are to some extent a grassroots reaction of industrial publishers to the lack of utility of XML Schemas for publishing . Some schema languages not only describe the structure of a particular XML format but also offer limited facilities to influence processing of individual XML files that conform to this format. DTDs and XSDs both have this ability; they can for instance provide

3360-757: Was chaired at the time by Chris Lilley of the W3C. Early adoption was limited due to lack of support in older versions of Internet Explorer. However, as of 2011, all major desktop browsers began to support SVG. Native browser support offers various advantages, such as not requiring plugins, allowing SVG to be mixed with other content, and improving rendering and scripting reliability. Mobile support for SVG exists in various forms, with different devices and browsers supporting SVG Tiny 1.1 or 1.2. SVG can be produced using vector graphics editors and rendered into raster formats. In web-based applications, Inline SVG allows embedding SVG content within HTML documents. The SVG specification

3420-520: Was critical of early versions of Internet Explorer for its failure to support SVG. There are several advantages to native and full support: plugins are not needed, SVG can be freely mixed with other content in a single document, and rendering and scripting become considerably more reliable. Support for SVG may be limited to SVGT on older or more limited smart phones or may be primarily limited by their respective operating system. Adobe Flash Lite has optionally supported SVG Tiny since version 1.1. At

3480-893: Was released on 08 March 2023. SVG supports interactivity, animation, and rich graphical capabilities, making it suitable for both web and print applications. SVG images can be compressed with the gzip algorithm, resulting in SVGZ files that are typically 20–50% smaller than the original. SVG also supports metadata, enabling better indexing, searching, and retrieval of SVG content. SVG allows three types of graphic objects: vector graphic shapes (such as paths consisting of straight lines and curves), bitmap images, and text. Graphical objects can be grouped, styled, transformed and composited into previously rendered objects. The feature set includes nested transformations , clipping paths , alpha masks , filter effects and template objects. SVG drawings can be interactive and can include animation , defined in

3540-675: Was the first browser running under Android to support SVG by default. The level of SVG Tiny support available varies from mobile to mobile, depending on the SVG engine installed. Many newer mobile products support additional features beyond SVG Tiny 1.1, like gradient and opacity; this is sometimes referred to as "SVGT 1.1+", though there is no such standard. RIM 's BlackBerry has built-in support for SVG Tiny 1.1 since version 5.0. Support continues for WebKit-based BlackBerry Torch browser in OS 6 and 7. Nokia 's S60 platform has built-in support for SVG. For example, icons are generally rendered using

3600-584: Was updated to version 1.1 in 2011. Scalable Vector Graphics 2 became a W3C Candidate Recommendation on 15 September 2016. SVG 2 incorporates several new features in addition to those of SVG 1.1 and SVG Tiny 1.2. SVG 2 removes or deprecates some features of SVG 1.1 and incorporates new features from HTML5 and Web Open Font Format : SVG 2 reached the Candidate Recommendation stage on 15 September 2016, and revised versions were published on 7 August 2018 and 4 October 2018. The latest draft

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