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20-693: The Oxford University Gazette (often simply known as the Gazette locally) is the publication of record for the University of Oxford in England , used for official announcements. It is published weekly during term time. The Gazette has been published continuously since 1870. It provides information such as the following: The Gazette is published weekly throughout the University's academic year (from September to July), but less regularly during

40-644: A decline in their newspapers of record by reputation can represent a decline in levels of personal and political freedom (e.g. Zimbabwe, Venezuela, and Cambodia). Examples include: Rossiyskaya Gazeta Rossiyskaya Gazeta was founded in 1990 by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR during the glasnost reforms in Soviet Union , shortly before the country dissolved in 1991 . Rossiyskaya Gazeta became official government newspaper of

60-674: A gazette whose primary role is to publish notices, as their entire content represents the official view and doctrine of the state. This kind of official newspaper is distinct from newspapers of record by reputation, and is liable to fail the reputation criterion due to its governmental control. The word "official" can be used to distinguish them from "newspapers of record by reputation". Examples include Russia's Rossiyskaya Gazeta , North Korea's Rodong Sinmun , and China's People's Daily . The second type of "newspaper of record" (also "journal of record", or in French presse de référence )

80-419: A newspaper of record in the original, literal sense. Over time, historians relied on The New York Times and similar titles as a reliable archival and historical record of significant past events, and a gauge of societal opinions at the time of printing. The term "newspaper of record" evolved from its original literal sense to that newer meaning. The derived term "financial (or business) newspaper of record"

100-584: A private newspaper may be designated by the courts for publication of legal notices, such as notices of fictitious business names , if judicial and statutory standards are met. These are sometimes called "legally adjudicated newspapers". The term "newspapers of public record" can also denote those owned and operated by a government that directs their entire editorial content. Such newspapers, while pejoratively termed " state mouthpieces ", can also be called "official newspapers of record", independently of whether they publish legal notices - distinguishing them from

120-765: A similar tone, coverage, style, and traditions; many are over a century old and some over two centuries old (e.g., Neue Zürcher Zeitung , The Times , The Guardian , Le Figaro , and The Sydney Morning Herald ). Newspapers of record by reputation can be respected for the accuracy and quality of their reporting and still be either ideologically conservative (e.g., The Wall Street Journal and The Telegraph ) or ideologically liberal (e.g., The Washington Post and The Guardian ). Although many countries are proud of their newspapers of record by reputation, in some countries they face an openly hostile state or political system that tries to suppress their press freedoms. Examples are Turkey's Cumhuriyet , where many of

140-649: Is attributed to The Wall Street Journal , the Financial Times , and to the Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei) . While newspapers of record by reputation are typically major widely-read national (and international) publications, subject-specific newspapers of record also exist (see examples of subject-specific newspapers of record ). Over time, some established newspapers of record by reputation have lost their status due to financial collapse, take-over or merger by another entity that did not have

160-577: Is not defined by formal criteria, and its characteristics vary. The category comprises newspapers that are considered to meet high standards of journalism , including editorial independence (particularly from the government and from its owners), accountability (mistakes are acknowledged), attention to detail and accuracy, and comprehensiveness and balance of coverage; they are regarded internationally (as well as in their own country/region) by major global outlets. Despite changes in society, newspapers of record by reputation have historically tended to maintain

180-610: Is published by the Oxford University Press . This article relating to the University of Oxford is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This English newspaper–related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Newspaper of record A newspaper of record is a major national newspaper with large circulation whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered authoritative and independent; they are thus "newspapers of record by reputation" and include some of

200-757: The Russian Federation , replacing Izvestia and Sovetskaya Rossiya newspapers, which were both privatized after the Soviet Union's dissolution. The role of Rossiyskaya Gazeta is determined by the Law of the Russian Federation N 5-FZ, dated 14 June 1994 and entitled " On the Procedure of Publication and Enactment of Federal Constitutional Laws, Federal Laws and Acts of the Houses of

220-554: The 1940 Katyn massacre . A short comment by Alexander Sabov was published, claiming that the widely accepted version of Soviet responsibility is based on a single dubious copy of a document, therefore evidence for it is not reliable. Subov's comment immediately provoked media frenzy in Poland, and on the following day the issue of the Polish newspaper Gazeta Wyborcza published relevant documents signed by Lavrenty Beria authorizing

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240-883: The Federal Assembly ", by the Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, dated 23 May 1996 No. 763, " On the Procedure of Publication and Enactment of the Acts of the President of the Russian Federation , of the Government of Russia , and Statutory Legal Acts of the Federal Executive Authorities ", as well as that dated 13 August 1998 No. 963, "On Adoption of Amendments to the Decree of

260-510: The President of the Russian Federation dated 23 May 1996 № 763, "On the Procedure of Publication and Enactment of the Acts of the President of the Russian Federation, of the Government of the Russian Federation, and Statutory Legal Acts of the Federal Executive Authorities". The 18 September 2007 issue featured a sheet devoted to the Polish film Katyń , directed by Andrzej Wajda , about

280-613: The University's vacation periods. A number of supplements are also published giving various types of official information. Subscribers to the Gazette also receive Blueprint, the University's staff newsletter, and The Oxford Magazine . Most of the material in the Gazette is available on the World Wide Web . However, due to the UK Data Protection Act some of the printed version of the Gazette has not been included online since September 2001. The Gazette

300-534: The first U.S. newspaper in 1913 to publish an index of the subjects it covered. In recognition of that usage, The New York Times held an essay contest in 1927 in which entrants had to demonstrate "The Value of The New York Times Index and Files as a Newspaper of Record". The New York Times , and other newspapers of its type sought to chronicle events, acting as a record of the day's announcements, schedules, directories, proceedings, transcripts, and appointments. By 2004, The New York Times no longer considered itself

320-577: The government or a private party, is considered sufficient to comply with legal requirements for public notice . Such gazettes may have minimal or no editorial content (opinion articles), and are focused on public notification of state services and state decisions; an example is Latvia 's Latvijas Vēstnesis . In some jurisdictions, privately owned newspapers may register with the government to publish public and legal notices, or be otherwise eligible to publish such notices (terms used may include "newspaper of general circulation" among others). Likewise,

340-484: The lack of editorial independence means that it is not a "newspaper of record by reputation". Newspapers of record by reputation that focus on business can also be called newspapers of financial record . A "newspaper of public record", or government gazette , refers to a publicly available newspaper that is authorized by a government to publish public or legal notices. It is often established by statute or official action and publication of notices within it, whether by

360-453: The oldest and most widely respected newspapers in the world. The number and trend of "newspapers of record by reputation" is related to the state of press freedom and political freedom in a country. It may also be a newspaper authorized to publish public or legal notices , thus serving as a newspaper of public record . A newspaper whose editorial content is directed by the state can be referred to as an official newspaper of record , but

380-433: The same standards or allowed increased government control and suppression of the paper's editorial independence. The existence of newspapers of record by reputation is an aspect of the level of press freedom and political freedom in a country, with major first-world democracies having several such newspapers (e.g. United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Italy and Japan); in contrast, countries that have seen

400-414: The staff have been imprisoned; Panama's La Prensa , where staff have been shot and the owners forced into exile; and Venezuela's El Nacional , which was forced out of print when the state seized its assets (see examples of fallen newspapers of record ). The term is believed to have originated among librarians who began referring to The New York Times as the "newspaper of record" when it became

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