64-560: Oxnead is a lost settlement and former civil parish , now in the parish of Brampton , in the Broadland district, in the county of Norfolk , England. It is roughly three miles south-east of Aylsham . It now consists mostly of St Michael's Church and Oxnead Hall. The hall was the principal residence of the Paston family from 1597 until the death of William Paston, 2nd Earl of Yarmouth in 1732. Under Sir William Paston (1610–1663), Oxnead
128-708: A winding cloth , rising for the moment of judgement. This depiction, Donne's own idea, was sculpted from a painting for which the Poet posed. Another of Stone's finest works is the effigy of Elizabeth, Lady Carey in the parish church at Stowe Nine Churches , Northamptonshire, is considered one of his masterpieces. While other surviving examples of his monuments to the dead include those to: Sir Francis Vere, Earl of Middlesex ; Sir Dudley Digges at Chilham church, Kent ; Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton , in Dover Castle (removed to Greenwich); Sir Thomas Sutton , at
192-577: A bust of The 1st Earl of Danby , who founded the garden in 1621 and commissioned the gateways. In 1637, Stone designed a new entrance porch for the University Church of St Mary the Virgin , Oxford, this was one of his most spectacular works, in a European baroque design. The porch's heavy Baroque is quite unlike the eventual form the style was later to take in England. A huge scrolled pediment
256-533: A new garden house just built in the Villa Ludovisi , Rome, "for Mr Paston", and marbles, architectural books (Vignola, Vitruvius, and Maggi's Le fontane di Roma ), and plaster casts sent home from Livorno. With the onset of the Civil War , commissions from Sir William abruptly ceased in 1642; five years later, his outstanding account was settled, for £24. Christopher Hatton was rebuilding Kirby Hall in
320-597: A sculptor, who worked under Bernini in Rome. The outbreak of the civil war put an end to Stone's career, and he was to personally suffer. Like Inigo Jones, he was seen by the Puritans as a royal architect; his son, John, fought for the Royalists during the civil war. According to a presentation to King Charles II, in 1690 after the restoration, Stone had been 'sequestered, plundered and imprisoned' because of his loyalty to
384-535: A tomb for her at Dunglass in Scotland. In 1613 Stone married Mayken de Keyser, the daughter of his master, Hendrick de Keyser . The year after his marriage Stone returned to England with his wife, settling in the parish of St Martin-in-the-Fields , Westminster, where they remained throughout their lives. The marriage produced three sons: John (1620–1667), a sculptor; Henry Stone (1616–1653) an artist most notable for his copies of Van Dyck and Nicholas (1618–1647),
448-448: Is a monument to Sir Clement Paston (1515–1597). This is a tomb-chest featuring his recumbent effigy and a kneeing figure of his wife, Lady Alice. There is also a monument to Lady Katherine Paston, wife of Sir William (1610–1663), who died in childbirth in 1637. This work is by the celebrated Jacobean sculptor Nicholas Stone . The church also includes a seventeenth-century font. The house was originally built for Sir Clement around 1580, but
512-475: Is centered on the terraced parterres , in the lowest of which, he says, stood the fountain of two tiers of bold opposed scrolls supporting a shallow basin, re-erected after the Oxnead sale at the rival Norfolk house, Blickling Hall . Repton's drawing showed the banqueting house constructed as a wing; its style was so advanced for its date in the 1630s that the younger Repton concluded that it had been "erected by
576-512: Is supported by a pair of massive solomonic columns , an ancient architectural feature revived, in Italy, as a feature of the Baroque, and used most notably, as Stone would have been aware, for the baldacchino at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, which has been completed by Bernini just four years earlier. The obvious European, and thus Catholic, design of the porch was later to cause problems for
640-702: Is thought to have made the portico to the Zuiderkerk in Amsterdam . In 1613 he returned to London with Bernard Janssens, a fellow pupil of de Keyser and settled in Long Acre , St Martin-in-the-Fields , where he established a large practice and workshops and soon became the leading English sculptor of funeral monuments. Stone owed his early success in London in part to Inigo Jones, the King's Surveyor. In 1616 Stone
704-528: Is variable, probably because much of it was done by his workshop colleagues. Netherlandish influence was dominant in English sculpture, and in Stone's training, but the importation of classical antiquities by collectors influenced his later work. There continued to be few sculpture commissions other than tombs in England during his career, and he developed the English types of the previous century. Nicholas Stone
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#1732780185872768-465: The 1974 county boundary changes please see the Berkshire section, above . Nicholas Stone Nicholas Stone (1586/87 – 24 August 1647) was an English sculptor and architect . In 1619 he was appointed master-mason to James I , and in 1626 to Charles I . During his career he was the mason responsible for not only the building of Inigo Jones ' Banqueting House, Whitehall , but
832-659: The London Charterhouse (with Janssens); Sir Robert Drury at Hawstead church, Suffolk ; Sir William Stonhouse at Radley church, Berkshire (now Oxfordshire); Sir Thomas Bodley at Merton College , Oxford (1612-May 1615), with his bust in an oval niche flanked by pilasters of stacked books; Thomas, Lord Knivett , at Stanwell , Middlesex (1623); Sir William Pope, in Wroxton church, near Banbury; Sir Nicholas Bacon , in Redgrave church , Suffolk (with Janssens),
896-536: The "Patterne of the greate gate" in Foster Lane and patterns for the ceiling, wainscoting and the screen in the Great Hall and wainscot panelling in the parlour and the great chamber above it. His surveillance over workmen who found themselves working in a new manner, to which their apprenticeships had not accustomed them, can be sensed in his notation concerning Cornbury Park, where he contracted to "dereckt all
960-616: The 1420s it was sold to William Paston, of Paston . On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Brampton. William Paston, lawyer and later a judge, settled the Oxnead estate on his wife, Agnes, as part of their marriage agreement. The estate continued to pass down the family. In 1554 Sir William Paston, an eminent lawyer and courtier who had been present at the Field of the Cloth of Gold , bequeathed it to his fourth son, Clement Paston (1515–1597). Sir Clement Paston (1515–1597) built
1024-458: The 18th century for many monuments in the metropolis and in the country: they were for Sir George Villiers and his wife, the Countess of Buckingham (c 1631), and for Lionel Cranfield, Earl of Middlesex, and his wife (after 1638). Stone's 1631 monument to Dr John Donne , at St Paul's Cathedral is considered to be among his most remarkable. It depicts the poet, standing upon an urn, dressed in
1088-627: The Baron de St. Blankheare, or Blankard, whom he kept a prisoner at Castor by Yarmouth till he paid 7000 crowns, for his ransom, besides considerable things of value, which were found in his ship'. Blomefield also notes of Clement that 'King Henry VIII called him his Champion; the Duke of Somerset, Protector in King Edward's reign, called him his Souldier; Queen Mary, her Seaman; and Queen Elizabeth, her Father'. Some time after 1567, Clement married Alice,
1152-616: The Orangery at Blickling Hall . Blickling, in its parterre , also has a sixteenth- or early seventeenth-century fountain, consisting of a basin on a base, bought from Oxnead in 1732. On 21 August 2016 the gardens were opened to the public in aid of charity. Across the River Bure is Oxnead watermill, a four-storey edifice dating from 1851. A mill stood in Oxnead at the time of the Domesday Book in 1086. From about 1716 to 1822
1216-756: The Oxnead Hall of which one wing remains today. Blomefield notes that Clement was born at Paston Hall on 'the sea coast, and having a genius and love for shipping and navigation, was in his youth admitted to the service of King Henry VIII in the navy, and made captain of one of the King's ships', and in an engagement with the French [in May, 1546, in command of the Anne Gallant, according to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography took their admiral called
1280-623: The Roman Arundel marbles , and this is reflected in two of his works, both in Westminster Abbey , the memorial to Sir John Holles and his brother Francis both dressed Roman armour reflecting classical influence, something new to England. It has been said that until this time English sculpture resembled that described by the Duchess of Malfi : "the figure cut in alabaster kneels at my husband's tomb." A taste for realism, in part
1344-763: The Virgin in Oxford, it is crowned by a broken segmented pediment - again, a strong Baroque feature. Stone's Goldsmith's Hall was burnt to a standing shell in the Great Fire of London , rebuilt, and eventually demolished in 1829. Stone also designed Digges chapel, Chilham church, Kent , for Sir Dudley Digges to contain his monument to Lady Digges (1631, demolished); Cornbury House, Oxfordshire, partly rebuilt by Stone 1632-33 (altered); Copt Hall, Essex, 1638-39 (demolished in 1748). He worked for Mary, Countess of Home at her London townhouse in Aldersgate and also planned
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#17327801858721408-425: The advent of England's brief Baroque period which began in the 1690s. When servant's became confined out of sight to their own designated areas rather than sharing rooms with their employers. This was an important milestone in English domestic design. Another strong Baroque feature of Goldsmith's Hall was the massive porch, rather than a more Palladian portico, similar, but more restrained in design than that of St Mary
1472-647: The basement windows and oval windows, recalled by local people, in a mezzanine above. Stone provided a magnificent chimneypiece that cost £80 and another for the banqueting house, a balcony with two door surrounds and an architrave in Portland stone , a "copper branch"— probably a cast bronze candelabrum— weighing 166 pounds, and an achievement of the Paston arms. There were many miscellaneous carved furnishings, picture frames and stands for tables, balustrades and paving-stones, and busts of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina. For
1536-714: The building of a water gate to give access to the Thames from the gardens, at that time the river being a favoured method of transport on London. With the Banqueting House , it is one of the few surviving reminders in London of the Italianate court style of Charles I . The water gate is believed to have been designed by Stone. However, like the Banqueting House, the design of the water gate has been attributed to Inigo Jones, with Stone only being credited with
1600-521: The building. It has also been attributed to the diplomat and painter Sir Balthazar Gerbier . The similarity of the architecture to the Danby Gate ( below ) and its bold vermicelli rusticated design in a confident Serlian manner indicate that it is by the same hand as the Danby Gate itself. Today, of the York House complex, only the water gate survives; the house was demolished in 1670 and
1664-413: The career of an architect (then known as a surveyor) of the period. A list of works by Stone's relative John Stoakes includes some work known not to have been designed by Stone, including Inigo Jones' Banqueting House, Whitehall, but permits some attributions, noted below. This amount of information available concerning Stone has led to his importance to English architecture often being overstated. However,
1728-716: The centuries. There are estimated to be as many as 3,000 DMVs in England. Grid references are given, where known. Note that in many cases English settlements are listed under the relevant historic county , rather than the modern administrative unit . From Beresford's Lost Villages except Old Wolverton. Includes former villages whose sites were in Huntingdonshire until the 1974 county boundary changes . There are believed to be around 200 lost settlements in Norfolk. Many of these are deserted medieval villages. For former villages whose sites were in Berkshire until
1792-418: The close working relationship that Stone had with both Inigo Jones and Isaac de Caus both of whom worked on the design of Wilton. York House, London, was one of the great houses of the aristocracy which lined the Thames during the 17th century. During the 1620s, it was acquired by the royal favourite George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham . The Duke rebuilt and modernised the house and, in 1623, commissioned
1856-573: The composer Orlando Gibbons , in Canterbury Cathedral (1626); and Sir Julius Caesar , in St Helens, Bishopsgate . Of Stone's non-sepulchre sculpture precious little remains: a chimneypiece, from 1616, at Newburgh Priory depicting mythological standing deities in bas-relief; two crumbling garden statues at Blickling Hall and a collection of statues in good repair at Wilton House . The Wilton House statues, as at Woburn, indicate
1920-458: The crown. Nicholas Stone died at Long Acre , London, on 24 August 1647, and was buried in the parish church at St Martin-in-the-Fields . The sculpted memorial tablet, to the man who had created so many memorials for others, has been lost; only a drawing of it (above) remains to indicate his likeness. Despite being Master Mason to the Crown, and his revolutionary works being for and commemorating
1984-570: The daughter of Humphrey Packington and widow of Richard Lambert, both of London. Alice was wealthy and Clement was able to rebuild Oxnead with her money. In his will, Clement desired "his body to be laid in the earth in the chauncel of the parish church of Oxned, his funeral not to be costly, nor over sumptuous, but decent and christian-like, according to his degree and calling; a fair and convenient tomb to be made over his body, and his and his wife's arms to be graven thereon". Clement left Oxnead to his nephew, Sir William Paston (1528–1610). This William
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2048-460: The documentation does clearly prove that by 1629 he was England's foremost sculptor and that by the end of his life he held comparable status in architecture. His first appointment in the royal Office of Works was as "master mason and architect" to Windsor Castle in April 1626; in 1632 he succeeded William Cure as Master Mason to the Crown. A consistent private patron over a period of many years
2112-428: The effigy and achievement of arms, stands beside his wife's. Oxnead was emptied of its treasures, sold off and all but demolished, but in 1809 its long-term tenant, John Adey Repton , made a conjectural drawing of it, based on the foundations and recollections of local inhabitants, which was illustrated in W.H. Bartlett and John Britten's Architectural Antiquities of Great Britain 1809, following p. 98. his view
2176-511: The execution of elaborate funerary monuments for some of the most prominent of his era that were avant-garde by English standards. As an architect he worked in the Baroque style providing England with some of its earliest examples of the style that was not to find favour in the country for another sixty years, and then only fleetingly. He worked in a context where most sculptors in stone were "mason-sculptors", in modern terms combining sculpture with architecture. The quality of his sculptural work
2240-607: The first Earl of Yarmouth, to receive King Charles II. and his attendants, who visited Oxnead in 1676; it was a lofty building, with sash-windows, called the Banquetting-room. Underneath this was a vaulted apartment, which was called the Frisketting room , probably from the Italian 'frescati', a cool grotto." Repton's drawing shows a building of three bays articulated by a giant order, with large rectangular windows over
2304-465: The first instance outside the King's works in which a "surveyor", the predecessor of an architect, was engaged to oversee every detail, a process that seems to have been unfamiliar to the members of the Goldsmiths' Company. The company's official minutes record the detailed designs, vetted by Inigo Jones, that he drew up, not merely the "plotts" or floor plans and street and courtyard elevations but
2368-417: The flanking smaller pediments of the projecting lateral bays. The stone work is heavily decorated being bands of alternating vermicelli rustication and plain dressed stone. The pediments of the lateral bays are seemingly supported by circular columns which frame niches containing statues of Charles I and Charles II in classical pose. The tympanum of the central pediment contains a segmented niche containing
2432-470: The floors.' A nineteenth-century extension has been added and the Hall is occupied. In the 1990s and 2000s, a neo-Elizabethan block was added to the south, on the site of part of the earlier hall; formal gardens have also been created in evocation of what might have existed around 1600. Nothing remains of the garden statuary installed by Nicholas Stone, though his Hercules, originally from Oxnead, can be seen in
2496-452: The gardens he provided figures of Venus and Cupid, Jupiter, Flora, and, to guard the garden front door, a large figure of Cerberus on a pedestal, all long gone, but Stone's Hercules — and perhaps others— are preserved in the gardens at Blickling. In the garden Stone erected a large iron pergola painted green, surmounted by eight gilded balls. In 1638, he sent his son, Nicholas Stone the younger, to Italy, whence there returned an elevation of
2560-498: The house was pulled down, the materials sold, only a part of it left for a farmer to inhabit, and was sold to the Right Honourable Lord Anson .’ The church is mostly thirteenth-century and built of flint with stone dressings. However, there are several later additions in brick, dating from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries, such as the top of the tower, two porches and a stepped east gable. Inside, there
2624-486: The manner in which Inigo Jones' ideas on architecture were disseminated in England. Jones himself advised the Goldsmiths' Company not to further patch its medieval fabric but build it anew. Stone's appointment as surveyor in charge of all the workmen in the design and erection of the new hall, came after a committee of the company had voted on competitive plans offered by ad hoc partnerships of workmen, appears to be
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2688-407: The most eminent in the land and being displayed in the country's most prominent buildings, Stone was always thought of as a craftsman, and accorded that status. It was to be his contemporary and less accomplished rival, the French sculptor Hubert Le Sueur , working in bronze, who was to cause the status of a sculptor to be elevated to that of an artist. Evaluated today, Stone's architecture combines
2752-455: The new simple classical Palladian style currently fashionable, which had just been introduced to England from Italy by Inigo Jones , and drew his inspiration from an illustration in Serlio 's book of archways. The gateway consists of three bays, each with a pediment . The largest and central bay, containing the segmented arch is recessed, causing its larger pediment to be partially hidden by
2816-619: The porch's patron Archbishop Laud because at the centre of the scrolled pediment was placed a statue of the Virgin and Child , a composition considered to be Roman Catholic idolatry , and later used against the Archbishop at his trial for treason in 1641 following the grand Remonstrance . Today, the statue is still bears the bullet holes cause when it was fired upon by Cromwellian soldiers. Stone designed and built Goldsmiths' Hall, Foster Lane, in 1635–38, which has provided an example of
2880-668: The product of his training in the Netherlands, informs the floor tomb of Sir William Curle (died 1617) in the church at Hatfield, Hertfordshire ; Sir William is sculpted lying in his grave coat, his knees drawn up in his last agonies: "in its sad and poignant realism," observes Colin Platt, "it was as much a culture shock as the Whitehall Banqueting House". Two prominent funeral monuments, Stone's box tombs in Westminster Abbey served as influential models far into
2944-517: The richest estate in Norfolk. In 1636, he became High Sheriff of Norfolk, and on 8 June 1642, was created a baronet. His first wife was Lady Katherine Bertie, daughter of the Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey . Lady Katherine died in childbirth in 1636 after seven years of marriage and was buried in the chancel of Oxnead church. Ketton-Cremer describes Sir William as a lover of art and poetry and patron of writers and painters. Among this patronage
3008-412: The royal works led to the spectacular contract for building Jones's Banqueting House, that placed him in the forefront of London builders. Throughout his life, Stone recorded his work in two journals; These are his autograph notebook (covering the years 1614–1641) and his accounts book (covering 1631–1642). These journals record all his works and patrons, and provide in unequalled detail documentation of
3072-537: The same decade. For him Stone provided "6 Emperors heads, with their pedestals cast in Plaster, moulded from the Antiques" (£7 10s), a "head of Apollo, fairly carved in Portland stone , almost twice as big as life" and "one head carved in stone of Marcus Aurelius" still preserved set in the north front above the loggia (each £4). While Stone's London workshop received commissions for garden statuary, perhaps including
3136-540: The sculptures in Isaac de Caus ' grotto at Woburn Abbey , recently attributed to Nicholas Stone, and for domestic items such as door-cases and chimneypieces , the vast majority of Stone's surviving sculptures are funerary monuments, and it is by these that the quality of his sculpture is today judged. Stone was greatly influenced by the new classicizing fashion for art derived from the Italian Renaissance and
3200-526: The site redeveloped as Villiers Street. The creation of the Thames embankment in the 19th century caused the gate to be marooned 150 yards (137 m) from the river. The water gate was restored during the 1950s. The Danby gateway to the University of Oxford Botanic Garden is one of three entrances to the garden designed by Nicholas Stone between 1632 and 1633. In this highly ornate arch, Stone ignored
3264-660: The site was occupied by a paper mill. The mill then made blankets until being rebuilt in 1851 as a flour mill. In 1940 the mill reverted to paper making. [REDACTED] Media related to Oxnead, Norfolk at Wikimedia Commons List of lost settlements in the United Kingdom This list of lost settlements in the United Kingdom includes deserted medieval villages (DMVs), shrunken villages, abandoned villages and other settlements known to have been lost, depopulated or significantly reduced in size over
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#17327801858723328-406: The sophisticated classicism of Jones with an uncouth Artisan Mannerism popular at the time. The architectural historian, Howard Colvin 's assessment of Stone's architecture is that he "partly absorbed the new classicism of Inigo Jones, but without accepting its full discipline and without rejecting some of the mannerist or baroque features that he had learned in London and Amsterdam. The result
3392-407: The title and estates, and married a natural daughter of King Charles II, Lady Charlotte Fitzroy , but continued to run heavily into debt. He was also the last of the male line and with him the titles became extinct. Blomefield comments that 'after the death of this Earl, who left his estates to pay his debts, this agreeable seat, with the park, gardens, &c. soon run into decay, the greatest part of
3456-592: The workmen and mak all thar moldes", providing correctly classical profiles for mouldings for carpenters and plasterers. His fee there of £1000 suggested to John Newman that he combined with the surveyorship considerable mason's work. The placement of windows in the Hall's main facade show that Stone was ahead of his time in plans, smaller windows indicate the existence of mezzanine floors, such as those that exist at Easton Neston and Kinross , these housed small informal rooms, servant's rooms and rooms for housing closestools all features which were not common place until
3520-438: Was Sir William Paston , who was modernizing his Elizabethan seat at Oxnead , Norfolk. Paston commissioned from Stone the monument to his mother (died 1629) in the church at Paston, the family's ancient seat; in Stone's note-book, the price came to £340, and Stone remarks that in setting it up he was "very extreordenerly entertayned thar" by the genial Paston. The simpler monument by Stone of Sir Edmund Paston (died 1633), without
3584-482: Was Paston's commissioning of Nicholas Stone to carve memorials to his parents in Paston Church, busts for his house at Oxnead and statuary for his gardens. Sir William died in 1663 and is buried at Paston. Sir William's son, Sir Robert (1631–1683) became Baron Paston and Viscount Yarmouth in 1673 and 1st Earl of Yarmouth in 1679. According to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Robert like his father
3648-489: Was a vernacular classical architecture, of which regrettably little remains today." Stone, as an architect, was at the cutting edge of modernity, his work in the Baroque style while Inigo Jones' was still promoting Palladianism was at odds with contemporary fashion, it was to be almost fifty years from Stone's death before William Talman's Chatsworth House , completed in 1696, was to be hailed as England's first Baroque house, while England's truest Baroque house, Castle Howard ,
3712-412: Was an avid collector of 'books, paintings, jewellery and curios'. He also continued to develop Oxnead Hall and built a banqueting hall for the visit of King Charles II in 1671. However, his extravagance caused increasing financial difficulties and he had to mortgage or sell large parts of his estates. He died in 1683 and is buried at Oxnead. In turn, the 1st Earl's son, William (1653/4-1732), inherited
3776-598: Was born in 1586, the son of a quarryman of Woodbury , near Exeter . He was first apprenticed to Isaac James, a Dutch-born London mason working in Southwark , London. When the sculptor Hendrik de Keyser (1567–1621), master mason to the City of Amsterdam, visited London in 1606, Stone was introduced to him and contracted to work for him in Holland , where he married de Keyser's daughter and worked with his son Pieter . Stone
3840-475: Was contracted by the depute-treasurer of Scotland Gideon Murray to decorate the chapel at Holyrood Palace with a wooden screen, stalls, and organ case. The carving was done in London and Stone came to Scotland in July 1616 to oversee the installation. He sub-contracted the painting and gilding work to Matthew Goodrick. John Chamberlain wrote that Inigo Jones was in charge of the project. This involvement with
3904-474: Was remodelled by Nicholas Stone, for Sir William Paston, between 1631 and 1632. At its zenith the house had seventy-nine rooms, but under the Earls of Yarmouth it declined until by 1744 it was described as ruinous. A two-storey service wing, with mullioned and transomed windows, is all that remains of this Hall. Pevsner comments that the west front 'displays a nice pedimented doorway and a moulded platband between
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#17327801858723968-678: Was the founder of the Paston Grammar School in North Walsham . He made Oxnead his principal home but is buried in North Walsham church. His second son, Sir Edmund Paston (1585–1632) inherited the family estates and is buried in Paston church. Sir William Paston (1610–1663) succeeded Sir Edmund. He studied at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge , graduating as a Bachelor of Arts in 1626. R. W. Ketton-Cremer comments that in 1632, William inherited what may well have been
4032-564: Was the site of several works by the architect and sculptor, Nicholas Stone , master-mason to Kings James I and Charles I . In 1931 the parish had a population of 66. According to Blomefield , the place takes its name from its site on meadows beside a river known to the Britons and Saxons as the Ouse. At the time of the Domesday survey in 1086, the estate belonged to Halden and altogether
4096-457: Was worth 30 shillings. It was seven furlongs long and six broad and included a church with twenty-four acres of glebe land. At the time of King Stephen , Oxnead belonged to Albert Greslei, from whom it passed to the Hauteyn family. Around 1368, the estate was acquired by Sir Robert de Salle. After Sir Robert's death, his widow's second husband, Sir William Clopton, took control of Oxnead and in
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