32-648: [REDACTED] Look up LE or le in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. LE or le may refer to: Businesses [ edit ] See also: § Transportation Le.com (Leshi Internet or Le), a Chinese technology company LeEco (Leshi Technology or LE), a former Chinese technology company Government and military [ edit ] Law enforcement , umbrella term for police, courts and prisons French Foreign Legion (French: Légion étrangère ) People [ edit ] Le (surname) ,
64-412: A British train operating company Level (airline) (IATA designation: LE) Limited edition , a naming designator for automobiles Long Éireannach (LÉ), ship prefix for Irish naval vessels Luxury edition , another naming designator for high-end automobiles Other uses [ edit ] Egyptian pound (French: livre égyptienne ), the currency of Egypt Le , a la♯ musical note in
96-668: A different shape. An example of this type of solmization occurs in Shakespeare's King Lear , where in Act 1, Scene 2, Edmund exclaims to himself right after Edgar's entrance so that Edgar can hear him: "O, these eclipses do portend these divisions". Then, in the 1623 First Folio (but not in the 1608 Quarto), he adds "Fa, so, la, mi". This Edmund probably sang to the tune of Fa , So , La , Ti (e.g. F, G, A, B in C major), i.e. an ascending sequence of three whole tones with an ominous feel to it: see tritone (historical uses) . Solfège
128-522: A ferris wheel on the Thames Science and technology [ edit ] Chemistry and physics [ edit ] Lattice energy , the energy of formation of a crystal from infinitely-separated ions Lewis number , a dimensionless number ratio in physics Ligand efficiency , a measure of the binding energy of a ligand to its binding partner Computing [ edit ] Linear Executable , an OS/2 file format LE (text editor) ,
160-411: A simple text editor for unix-like operating systems Let's Encrypt , a non-profit certification authority Little-endian , a system that stores the least-significant byte at the smallest address Other uses in science [ edit ] Lunar eclipse , in astronomy Lupus erythematosus , autoimmune diseases Transportation [ edit ] Greater Anglia (National Rail code: LE),
192-596: Is a mnemonic used in teaching aural skills , pitch and sight-reading of Western music . Solfège is a form of solmization , though the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Syllables are assigned to the notes of the scale and assist the musician in audiating , or mentally hearing, the pitches of a piece of music, often for the purpose of singing them aloud. Through the Renaissance (and much later in some shapenote publications) various interlocking four-, five- and six-note systems were employed to cover
224-537: Is a fundamental element of the Kodály method used primarily in Hungary , but with a dedicated following worldwide. In the movable do system, each solfège syllable corresponds not to a pitch, but to a scale degree: The first degree of a major scale is always sung as "do", the second as "re", etc. (For minor keys, see below.) In movable do, a given tune is therefore always sol-faed on the same syllables, no matter what key it
256-484: Is in. The solfège syllables used for movable do differ slightly from those used for fixed do, because the English variant of the basic syllables ("ti" instead of "si") is usually used, and chromatically altered syllables are usually included as well. If, at a certain point, the key of a piece modulates, then it is necessary to change the solfège syllables at that point. For example, if a piece begins in C major, then C
288-406: Is initially sung on "do", D on "re", etc. If, however, the piece then modulates to F major, then F is sung on "do", G on "re", etc., and C is then sung on "sol". Passages in a minor key may be sol-faed in one of two ways in movable do: either starting on do (using "me", "le", and "te" for the lowered third, sixth, and seventh degrees, and "la" and "ti" for the raised sixth and seventh degrees), which
320-423: Is referred to as "do-based minor", or starting on la (using "fi" and "si" for the raised sixth and seventh degrees). The latter (referred to as "la-based minor") is sometimes preferred in choral singing, especially with children. The choice of which system is used for minor makes a difference as to how you handle modulations. In the first case ("do-based minor"), when the key moves for example from C major to C minor
352-572: Is still used for sight reading training. There are two main types: Movable do and Fixed do . In Movable do or tonic sol-fa , each syllable corresponds to a scale degree ; for example, if the music changes into a higher key, each syllable moves to a correspondingly higher note. This is analogous to the Guidonian practice of giving each degree of the hexachord a solfège name, and is mostly used in Germanic countries, Commonwealth countries, and
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#1732780445322384-551: Is transposed from do = C to do = E-flat. In Fixed do , each syllable always corresponds to the same pitch; when the music changes keys, each syllable continues to refer to the same sound (in the absolute sense) as it did before. This is analogous to the Romance-language system naming pitches after the solfège syllables, and is used in Romance and Slavic countries, among others, including Spanish-speaking countries. From
416-956: The Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York, the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, Massachusetts, and the Cleveland Institute of Music in Cleveland, Ohio. In the fixed do system, shown above, accidentals do not affect the syllables used. For example, C, C ♯ , and C ♭ (as well as C [REDACTED] and C [REDACTED] , not shown above) are all sung with
448-568: The Italian Renaissance , the debate over the superiority of instrumental music versus singing led Italian voice teachers to use Guido’s syllables for vocal technique rather than pitch discrimination. Hence, specific syllables were associated with fixed pitches. When the Paris Conservatoire was founded at the turn of the nineteenth century, its solfège textbooks adhered to the conventions of Italian solfeggio, solidifying
480-400: The solfège solmization Long-exposure photography See also [ edit ] Lee (disambiguation) Leah (disambiguation) Leh (disambiguation) Leo Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title LE . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
512-475: The 8th century. They translate as: So that your servants may with loosened voices Resound the wonders of your deeds, Clean the guilt from our stained lips, O Saint John. "Ut" was changed in the 1600s in Italy to the open syllable Do. Guido's system had only six notes, but "si" was added later as the seventh note of the diatonic scale. In Anglophone countries, "si" was changed to "ti" by Sarah Glover in
544-503: The Baptist ", yielding ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la . Each successive line of this hymn begins on the next scale degree , so each note's name was the syllable sung at that pitch in this hymn. Ut queant laxīs re sonāre fibrīs Mī ra gestōrum fa mulī tuōrum, Sol ve pollūtī la biī reātum, Sancte Iohannēs. The words were ascribed to Paulus Diaconus in
576-465: The Latin solfège syllables sol and mi . The verb "to sol-fa" means to sing the solfège syllables of a passage (as opposed to singing the lyrics, humming, etc). In eleventh-century Italy, the music theorist Guido of Arezzo invented a notational system that named the six notes of the hexachord after the first syllable of each line of the Latin hymn " Ut queant laxis ", the "Hymn to St. John
608-476: The United States. One particularly important variant of movable do, but differing in some respects from the system described below, was invented in the nineteenth century by Sarah Ann Glover , and is known as tonic sol-fa . In Italy, in 1972, Roberto Goitre wrote the famous method "Cantar leggendo", which has come to be used for choruses and for music for young children. The pedagogical advantage of
640-774: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LE&oldid=1251147208 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing French-language text Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages LE">LE The requested page title contains unsupported characters : ">". Return to Main Page . Solf%C3%A8ge In music, solfège ( / ˈ s ɒ l f ɛ ʒ / , French: [sɔlfɛʒ] ) or solfeggio ( / s ɒ l ˈ f ɛ dʒ i oʊ / ; Italian: [solˈfeddʒo] ), also called sol-fa , solfa , solfeo , among many names,
672-528: The letters C, D, E, F, G, A, and B – are used to name the notes of the C-Major scale. Here it would be said, for example, that Beethoven's Ninth Symphony (in D minor ) is in "Re minor", and that its third movement (in B-flat major ) is in "Si-bemol major". In Germanic countries, on the other hand, the notes have letter names that are mainly the same as those used in English (so that Beethoven's Ninth Symphony
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#1732780445322704-561: The movable-Do system is its ability to assist in the theoretical understanding of music; because a tonic is established and then sung in comparison to, the student infers melodic and chordal implications through their singing. Movable do is frequently employed in Australia, China, Japan (with 5th being so, and 7th being si), Ireland, the United Kingdom, the United States, Hong Kong, and English-speaking Canada. The movable do system
736-506: The nineteenth century so that every syllable might begin with a different letter . "Ti" is used in tonic sol-fa (and in the famed American show tune " Do-Re-Mi "). Some authors speculate that the solfège syllables ( do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti ) might have been influenced by the syllables of the Arabic solmization system called درر مفصّلات Durar Mufaṣṣalāt ("Detailed Pearls") ( dāl, rā', mīm, fā', ṣād, lām, tā' ). This mixed-origin theory
768-472: The octave. The tonic sol-fa method popularized the seven syllables commonly used in English-speaking countries: do (spelled doh in tonic sol-fa ), re , mi , fa , so(l) , la , and ti (or si ) (see below ). There are two current ways of applying solfège: 1) fixed do , where the syllables are always tied to specific pitches (e.g., "do" is always "C-natural") and 2) movable do , where
800-697: The rhythm. This system is called fixed do and is used in Belgium , Brazil, Spain, Portugal , France, Italy, Romania , Latin American countries and in French-speaking Canada as well as countries such as Russia , Turkey , Ukraine , Bulgaria and Israel where non-Romance languages are spoken. In the United States, the fixed-do system is taught at many conservatories and schools of music including The Juilliard School in New York City,
832-609: The romanization of several surnames Lê (footballer, born 1964) , Ronaldo Francisco Lucato, Brazilian midfielder Lê (footballer, born February 1979) , Leandro Coelho Cardoso, Brazilian attacking midfielder Lê (footballer, born July 1979) , Leandro Cesar de Sousa, Brazilian defensive midfielder Lê (footballer, born 1984) , Leonardo Hermes Lau, Brazilian attacking midfielder LE (rapper) (born 1991), South Korean music artist and dancer Places [ edit ] LE postcode area , Leicester, United Kingdom Province of Lecce (ISO 3166-2:IT code LE), Italy London Eye ,
864-410: The scale being "fa, sol, la, fa, sol, la, mi, fa". The use of "fa", "sol" and "la" for two positions in the scale is a leftover from the Guidonian system of so-called "mutations" (i.e. changes of hexachord on a note, see Guidonian hand ). This system was largely eliminated by the 19th century, but is still used in some shape note systems, which give each of the four syllables "fa", "sol", "la", and "mi"
896-487: The syllable "do". Several chromatic fixed-do systems have also been devised to account for chromatic notes , and even for double-sharp and double-flat variants. The Yehnian system, being the first 24-EDO (i.e., quarter tone) solfège system, proposed even quartertonal syllables. While having no exceptions to its rules, it supports both si and ti users. (Si users / Ti users) In the countries with fixed-do, these seven syllables (with "si" rather than "ti") – and not
928-406: The syllable do keeps pointing to the same note, namely C, (there's no "mutation" of do's note), but when the key shifts from C major to A minor (or A major), the scale is transposed from do = C to do = A. In the second case ("la-based minor"), when the key moves from C major to A minor the syllable do continues to point to the same note, again C, but when the key moves from C major to C minor the scale
960-499: The syllables are assigned to scale degrees , with "do" always the first degree of the major scale. Italian " solfeggio " and English/French " solfège " derive from the names of two of the syllables used: sol and fa . The generic term " solmization ", referring to any system of denoting pitches of a musical scale by syllables, including those used in India and Japan as well as solfège, comes from French solmisation , from
992-420: The use of Fixed doh in Romance cultures In the major Romance and Slavic languages, the syllables Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, and Si are the ordinary names of the notes, in the same way that the letters C, D, E, F, G, A, and B are used to name notes in English. For native speakers of these languages, solfège is simply singing the names of the notes , omitting any modifiers such as "sharp" or "flat" to preserve
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1024-584: Was brought forward by scholars as early as the seventeenth and eighteenth century, in the works of Francisci a Mesgnien Meninski and Jean-Benjamin de La Borde . Modern scholars are mostly skeptical. In the Elizabethan era , England and its related territories used only four of the syllables: mi, fa, sol, and la. "Mi" stood for modern ti or si, "fa" for modern do or ut, "sol" for modern re, and "la" for modern mi. Then, fa, sol and la would be repeated to also stand for their modern counterparts, resulting in
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