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46-529: The Lower Cape May Regional School District ( LCMR School District ) is regional public school district headquartered in Lower Township , in the U.S. state of New Jersey , that serves students in seventh through twelfth grades from four communities in Cape May County , including Cape May City , Lower Township and West Cape May , with students from Cape May Point attending as part of

92-454: A school board ) may be elected, appointed by a political office holder, serve ex officio , or a combination of any of these. An independent school district is a legally separate body corporate and political . Most school districts operate as independent local governmental units with exclusive authority over K–12 public educational operations and policies. The extent of their control is set by state-level law. Litigation against school districts

138-648: A sending/receiving relationship . As of the 2022–23 school year, the district, comprised of two schools, had an enrollment of 1,225 students and 106.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.5:1. The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "B", the second lowest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of

184-481: A "board of trustees," "board of education," "school committee," etc.. This body usually appoints or hires an experienced public school administrator to function as the district's superintendent of schools – a district's chief executive . The superintendent oversees daily operations, decisions and implements the policies of the board. The school board may also exercise a quasi-judicial function in serious employee or student discipline matters. School districts in

230-566: A New Jersey state taxation formula. In 2012 the share of the budget was as follows: Lower Township: 57.6%, Cape May City, 34.2%, and West Cape May 8.3%. For 2013 it changed to Lower Township: 60.7%, Cape May City: 32.5%, and West Cape May: 6.8%. As of 2014 Cape May contributed about one third of the LCMR budget. The district commissioned a company in Atlantic City, New Jersey to make an official LCMR flag with one for special events. A second

276-626: A certain degree comparable to a school district. Other arrangements are possible: certain types of special schools in North Rhine-Westphalia are run by the Landschaftsverbände . There also exist private schools , mostly funded by the States, but run by private entities like churches or foundations. In Italy , school districts were established in 1974 by the " Provvedimenti Delegati sulla scuola " ("Assigned Laws [to

322-568: A decline in property tax revenues during and after the Great Recession . By 2016 there were about 13,000 school districts, and the average student population was about 5,000. Although these terms can vary slightly between various states and regions, these are typical definitions for school district constitution: These terms may not appear in a district's name, even though the condition may apply. In England and Wales , school boards were established in 1870, and abolished in 1902, with

368-411: A decrease of 38,127 or 35%. Many states had passed laws facilitating school district consolidation. In 1951 the majority of the school districts in existence were rural school districts only providing elementary education, and some school districts did not operate schools but instead provided transportation to other schools. The Midwest had a large number of rural school districts. Previously areas of

414-641: A minority of secondary schools , a few primary schools, and much further education . (Most schools are neither organized geographically nor publicly managed, although the Department of Education inspects and funds them and pays teachers' salaries.) Each ETB area comprises one or more local authority areas , with city or county councilors forming the bulk of the ETB board. The ETBs was formed in 2005 by amalgamating Vocational Education Committees established in 1930, also based on local government areas. In Hong Kong ,

460-455: A school system that is separate but similar to a town's or a county's powers. These include the power to enter contacts, use eminent domain , and to issue binding rules and regulations affecting school policies and operations. The power of school districts to tax and spend is generally more limited. For example, many school districts in New York state require a majority of voters living in

506-710: A single school district." Noting that most modern school districts were formed by consolidating one-room school districts in the first seven decades of the 20th century, Fischel argues that "outside the South, these consolidations were consented to by local voters" who "preferred districts whose boundaries conformed to their everyday interactions rather than formal units of government" and that "[t]he South ended up with county-based school districts because segregation imposed diseconomies of scale on district operations and required larger land-area districts." In New York , most school districts are separate governmental units with

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552-449: A state), most American school districts operate as independent local governmental units under a grant of authority and within geographic limits created by state law. The executive and legislative power over locally-controlled policies and operations of an independent school district are, in most cases, held by a school district's board of education. Depending on state law, members of a local board of education (often referred to informally as

598-737: Is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Lower Township in Cape May County , in the U.S. state of New Jersey . As of the 2020 United States census , the CDP's population was 2,031, a decline of 103 from the 2010 census count of 2,134. According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP had a total area of 3.360 square miles (8.70 km ), including 3.260 square miles (8.44 km ) of land and 0.100 square miles (0.26 km ) of water (2.97%). The 2010 United States census counted 2,134 people, 821 households, and 596 families in

644-427: Is common and some law firms specialize in education law. Districts typically maintain professional liability insurance in order to pay its settlements and legal liabilities. As of 2023 in most U.S. states, public school districts may lay taxes to fund their operations. In others, such as Maine , some school districts are able to lay taxes and others are not. Independent school districts often exercise authority over

690-459: Is outside of the CDP. As with other parts of Lower Township, it is served by Lower Township School District for primary grades and Lower Cape May Regional School District (LCMR) for secondary grades; the latter operates Teitelman Middle School and Lower Cape May Regional High School . The LCMR district describes its facilities as being in Erma; the schools and district headquarters are not in

736-660: The Education Bureau divides primary schools into 36 districts, known as school nets, for its Primary One Admission System . Of the 36 districts, districts 34 and 41 in Kowloon and districts 11 and 12 in Hong Kong Island are considered the most prestigious. In Iranian cities school kids normal registrations are limited by school districts, register is online at my.medu.ir and the parent sees schools within range online. Erma, New Jersey Erma

782-790: The Midwest and West tend to cross municipal boundaries, while school districts in New England and the Mid-Atlantic regions tend to adhere to city, township, and/or county boundaries. As of 1951 school districts were independent governmental units in 26 states, while in 17 states there were mixes of independent school districts and school districts subordinate to other local governments. In nine states there were only school districts subordinate to local governments. In most Southern states, school systems operate either as an arm of county government or at least share coextensive boundaries with

828-579: The National Center for Education Statistics ) are: The LCMR district describes its facilities as being in Erma , with the postal address being "Cape May, New Jersey"; the schools are not in the Erma census-designated place . The Cape May County Herald , and the Press of Atlantic City describe the school complex as being in Erma. The district's campus covers 65 acres (26 ha). Core members of

874-710: The Unorganized Borough of Alaska were not served by school districts but instead served by schools directly operated by the Alaska Department of Education and by Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) schools. The state schools were transferred to the Alaska State-Operated School System (SOS) after the Alaska Legislature created it in 1971; that agency was terminated in 1975, with its schools transferred to

920-442: The county council and county borough councils becoming the local education authorities . In France, the system of the carte scolaire was dismantled by the beginning of the 2007 school year. More school choice has been given to French students; however, priority is given to those who meet the following criteria: In Germany , schools and teachers are predominately funded by the states of Germany , which also are in control of

966-486: The CDP was $ 20,765. About 1.8% of families and 3.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 4.9% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over. The main transportation route for Erma is U.S. Route 9 . The Cape May Airport is located in Lower Township, and has an Erma postal address though it is not in the CDP. The Lower Township Police Department station has an Erma address but

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1012-480: The CDP. The population density was 240.7 people/km (623 people/sq mi). There were 846 housing units at an average density of 97.5 units/km (253 units/sq mi). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.22% White , 0.48% African American , 0.05% Native American , 1.05% Asian , 0.48% from other races , and 0.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.68% of the population. There were 751 households, out of which 38.9% had children under

1058-484: The CDP. The population density was 654.6 people per square mile (252.7 people/km ). There were 920 housing units at an average density of 282.2 units per square mile (109.0 units/km ). The racial makeup was 95.74% (2,043) White , 1.12% (24) Black or African American , 0.23% (5) Native American , 0.94% (20) Asian , 0.14% (3) Pacific Islander , 0.70% (15) from other races , and 1.12% (24) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.62% (56) of

1104-732: The Cape May School District attending LCMR schools ranged between 70 and 85, and the number of students from West Cape May School District for that period ranged between 45 and 58. Circa 2014 Cape May City had above 5% of the district's students. In 2014, Cape May Point did not send any students to LCMR schools. School district In the U.S., most K–12 public schools function as units of local school districts. A school district usually operate several elementary , middle , and high schools . The largest urban and suburban districts operate hundreds of schools. While practice varies significantly by state (and in some cases, within

1150-515: The City of Cape May, which had relatively few students but pays a disproportionate share of the taxation revenue, versus Lower Township. In January 1995 residents of the district voted in favor of a $ 4.99 million bond to expand the district facilities. In 2014, the city of Cape May contributed $ 6.5 million in property taxes to cover the 67 students from the city attending the district, an average of $ 97,300 per student. Cape May officials have argued that

1196-557: The Government] about the school"). Each district must contain a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The national government attempted to link the local schools with local society and culture and local governments. The school districts were dissolved in 2003 by the "legge finanziaria" (law about the government budget) in an attempt to trim the national budget. In the Republic of Ireland, 16 Education and Training Boards (ETBs) administer

1242-623: The November general election. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the district's day-to-day operations and a business administrator to supervise the business functions of the district. Seats on the board are allocated based on population, with Lower Township assigned seven seats and Cape May and West Cape May assigned one seat each. The respective taxation rates differ for each of the three constituent municipalities (Cape May City, Lower Township, West Cape May Borough). The formulas are derived from annual property evaluations, originating from

1288-466: The United States tend to be different from the demographics of the students. This difference is "most pronounced in majority nonwhite jurisdictions and school districts with the largest racial achievement gaps ." There were 130,000 school districts in the country in 1930, with an average student population of 150. From 1942 to 1951 the number of school districts declined from 108,579 to 70,452,

1334-419: The age of 18 living with them, 60.7% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.2% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.24. In the CDP the population was spread out, with 28.4% under

1380-460: The age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $ 64,261, and the median income for a family was $ 69,063. Males had a median income of $ 45,694 versus $ 21,923 for females. The per capita income for

1426-494: The average homeowner in Lower Township would increase by more than $ 400. In 2012, Cape May contributed $ 6 million in property taxes and sent 120 students to the regional district, an average of $ 50,000 per student. In 2013, the district received a proposal that had been prepared for the Cape May City Council that addressed concerns that the city's property tax base meant that it was paying a disproportionate share of

Lower Cape May Regional School District - Misplaced Pages Continue

1472-641: The census-designated place. The Cape May County Herald , and the Press of Atlantic City describe the school complex as being in Erma. The elementary schools are in as follows: David C. Douglass Memorial Elementary School (pre-Kindergarten and Kindergarten) is in Villas CDP . The other three elementary schools are in Cold Spring : Carl T. Mitnick (grades 1–2), Maud Abrams (grades 3–4), and Sandman Consolidated (grades 5–6). Students are also eligible to attend Cape May County Technical High School in

1518-469: The district or the local government to approval their annual budget, but school districts in Virginia have no taxing authority and must depend on another local government (county, city, or town) for funding. A district's governing body, usually called a school board , is typically elected by direct popular vote but may be appointed by other governmental officials. The governing body might also be known as

1564-421: The district's administration are: The district's board of education is comprised of nine members who set policy and oversee the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with three seats up for election each year held (since 2012) as part of

1610-650: The district's funding formula based on assessed property values unfairly penalizes Cape May, which has higher property values and a smaller number of high school students as a percentage of the population than the other constituent districts, especially Lower Township; Cape May has 6% of students while its share of property taxes for the district is one third. A change to base contributions on the number of students would cut property taxes in Cape May by $ 1,250 per home and in West Cape May by almost $ 1,100, while taxes for

1656-527: The district's tax levy. Cape May raised possible means in which the imbalance could be addressed. In 2013, the Lower Cape May Regional School District received a feasibility study that would look at ways to reconfigure the district. The study considered Cape May City withdrawing from the regional district or the dissolution of the district, converting the existing PreK-6 Lower Township School District to serve PreK-12, as

1702-480: The issue." In 2013, the city government asked the Cape May County Board of Education to have city voters vote on a new tax rate but the county board declined. In 2014, Degener stated that the city government of Cape May "is trying to leave the school system over what it claims are excessive costs". Superintendent Chris Kobik retired in 2019. Schools in the district (with 2022–23 enrollment data from

1748-493: The local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J. The district was established in 1956. When the district was established, municipalities paid in proportion to how many students attended from each municipality. In 1975 the State of New Jersey established a new regional school district taxing regimen based on property values instead. This led to political conflict between

1794-528: The newly created Alaska Unorganized Borough School District, which was broken apart into twenty-one school districts the following year. In the 2022 Census of Governments, the United States Census Bureau enumerated the following numbers of school systems in the United States: School districts in the US have reduced the number of their employees by 3.3%, or 270,000 between 2008 and 2012, owing to

1840-504: The overall education policies. On the other hand, school buildings are mostly run and funded by municipal governments on different levels of the municipal system (municipalities proper, districts), depending on the size and specialization of a certain school or the population size of a certain municipality. As with other fields of government, for more specialized schools, special government bodies ("Zweckverband") can be established, where municipalities, and not voters, are members; these are to

1886-414: The population were under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 34.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.4 years. For every 100 females, the population had 96.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 94.3 males. As of the 2000 United States census of 2000, there were 2,088 people, 751 households, and 561 families living in

Lower Cape May Regional School District - Misplaced Pages Continue

1932-416: The population. Of the 821 households, 26.6% had children under the age of 18; 55.9% were married couples living together; 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present and 27.4% were non-families. Of all households, 22.9% were made up of individuals and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.04. 21.2% of

1978-441: The power to levy taxes and incur debt, except for the five cities with a population of over 125,000 ( Buffalo , Rochester , Syracuse , Yonkers , and New York City ), where the schools are operated directly by the municipalities. The Hawaii State Department of Education functions as a single statewide school district, unique among states. According to a 2021 study, the demographics of voters who elect local school boards in

2024-413: The regional district's school facilities are located in the township. Cape May City and West Cape May could see annual savings approaching a combined $ 6 million from the dissolution. in 2013 Richard Degener of The Press of Atlantic City wrote that the city government of Cape May "has been complaining for years about the city's share of the costs, and City Council recently hired an attorney to study

2070-556: The state's counties. A 2010 study by economist William A. Fischel found that "two-thirds of medium-to-large American cities have boundaries that substantially overlap those of a single school district" with substantial regional and state variations in the degree of overlap, "ranging from nearly perfect congruence in New England , New Jersey, and Virginia, to hardly any in Illinois, Texas, and Florida." Older and more populous municipalities "tend to have boundaries that closely match those of

2116-411: Was taken by an employee to Iraq, where he was called as a reservist. In the 2008–2009 school year the LCMR district had 1,602 students from Lower Township. In the 2012–2013 school year the LCMR district had 1,356 students from Lower Township. The decline in the students from Lower Township was the primary reason for the decline in enrollment in LCMR schools. Circa 2007–2012, the numbers of students from

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