41-740: Baron Strange is a title which has been created four times in the Peerage of England . Two creations, one in 1295 and another in 1326, had only one holder each, upon whose deaths they became extinct. Two of the creations, that of 1299 and that of 1628, are extant. The surname Le Strange was Latinized as Extraneus (i.e. "Foreigner, Stranger"). The arms of Le Strange of Knockin Castle in Shropshire were: Gules, two lions passant argent . All four baronies of Strange were created by writ , which means that they can also pass through female lines. Following
82-463: A writ of summons to Parliament; now, however, hereditary peers do not have the automatic right to a writ of summons to the House. A peer who disclaims the peerage loses all titles, rights and privileges associated with the peerage; if they are married, so does their spouse. No further hereditary peerage may be conferred upon the person, but a life peerage may be. The peerage remains without a holder until
123-492: A bendlet sable. (See L'Estrange baronets of Hunstanton, created in 1629, which male line continued until 1762)). Joan le Strange, suo jure 9th Baroness, daughter and heiress of the 8th Baron who died without male issue, married George Stanley, 9th Baron Strange , son of Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby , who was summoned to Parliament as Lord Strange in her right. Her son Thomas Stanley succeeded as both 2nd Earl of Derby and 10th Baron Strange. The titles remained united until
164-584: Is the present holder's son Hon. John Adam Humphrey Drummond (b. 1992). The style Lord Strange was used as a courtesy title by the Earls of Derby until James Stanley, Lord Strange (1716–1771), Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster ; he was the son of Edward Stanley, 11th Earl of Derby , who (unlike his 6th cousin, the 10th Earl) did not hold the barony of Strange (it having passed to the Murray family). Nowadays
205-624: The Earls of Derby use the courtesy title of Lord Stanley for heirs apparent . Peerage of England The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. From that year, the Peerages of England and Scotland were closed to new creations, and new peers were created in a single Peerage of Great Britain . There are five peerages in
246-535: The Hailsham peerage his father (Quintin Hogg) had disclaimed, but did not have to disclaim it himself to continue sitting in the House of Commons. In 2004, Michael Ancram inherited the marquessate of Lothian on the death of his father, and was also able to continue sitting as an MP. On their retirements from the House of Commons, Lord Lothian and Lord Hailsham entered the House of Lords as life peers, while Lord Thurso
287-466: The House of Lords and allows newly inherited hereditary peerages to be disclaimed. A disclaimed peerage remains without a holder until the death of the disclaimer, and his heir succeeds to the peerage. The Act resulted largely from the protests of Labour politician Tony Benn , then the 2nd Viscount Stansgate . Under British law at the time, peers of England , peers of Great Britain and peers of
328-441: The House of Lords Act 1999 . On her death in 2005 the title was inherited by her eldest son, the seventeenth and (as of 2017) present holder of the title. The family seat was Megginch Castle , near Errol , Perthshire . This barony was created by clerical error in 1628, confusing Lord Derby with the claimant of the older Barony Strange of Knockin (created in 1299). See Baronies created by error for details. The heir apparent
369-671: The Peerage of England , the Peerage of Scotland , the Peerage of Great Britain , and the Peerage of the United Kingdom . No provision was made by the Act for titles in the Peerage of Ireland to be disclaimed, as the entitlement of new Irish representative peers to be elected to sit in the House of Lords was considered to have lapsed after most of Ireland became independent as the Irish Free State in December 1922 (and
410-532: The House as well was defeated by ninety votes to eight. The Act removed the disqualification of peers of Ireland, by virtue of an Irish peerage, to vote in elections for members of the House of Commons; and to sit in the British House of Commons without losing the privilege of peerage. The Act also granted suo jure hereditary women peers (other than those in the Peerage of Ireland) the right to sit in
451-599: The House of Lords, which introduced twelve new women to the House. This was not the first time that women were members of the House of Lords; the Life Peerages Act 1958 allowed all life peers (men and women) to sit in the House. The 2nd Baroness Ravensdale had already entered the Lords in 1958 through the receipt of a life peerage. The women who took their seats in the House after the Peerage Act 1963 and before
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#1732783183331492-532: The House of Lords. When William Wedgwood Benn , Tony Benn 's father, agreed to accept the Viscountcy, he ascertained that the heir-apparent, his eldest son Michael, did not plan to enter the House of Commons. However, within a few years of the peerage being accepted, Michael Benn was killed in action in the Second World War . Tony Benn, his younger brother, became heir apparent to the peerage and
533-402: The House of Lords. Knights , dames and holders of other non-hereditary orders, decorations, and medals are also not peers. The following tables only show peerages, still in existence. For lists of every peerage created at a particular rank, including extinct, dormant, and abeyant peerages, see: Each peer is listed only by their highest English title. Peers known by a higher title in one of
574-504: The House on 19 November 1963 as the first female peer to do so under the provision of the Peerage Act 1963 . On her death in 1974 the titles were inherited by her son, the fifteenth Baron Strange, who had already succeeded his father as second Viscount St Davids. As of 2013 the titles are held by the second Viscount's grandson, the fourth Viscount and seventeenth Baron Strange. The third creation came in 1326 when Sir Eubulus le Strange
615-467: The United Kingdom in total. English Peeresses obtained their first seats in the House of Lords under the Peerage Act 1963 from which date until the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999 all Peers of England could sit in the House of Lords . The ranks of the English peerage are, in descending order, duke , marquess , earl , viscount , and baron . While most newer English peerages descend only in
656-401: The United Kingdom who met certain qualifications, such as age (21), were automatically members of the House of Lords and could not sit in or vote in elections for the other chamber, the House of Commons . At the time of the Act, thirty one peers in the Peerage of Scotland also had held titles in the respective peerages of England, Great Britain and the United Kingdom and were thus members of
697-430: The age of 21 at the time of succession, before the peer's 22nd birthday. If, at the time of succession, the peer is a member of the House of Commons, then the instrument must be delivered within one month of succession, and until such an instrument is delivered, the peer may neither sit nor vote in the lower House. Prior to the House of Lords Act 1999 , a hereditary peer could not disclaim a peerage after having applied for
738-407: The barony of Strange - see below). The barony of Strange remained in abeyance for the next 327 years. However, the abeyance was terminated in 1921 in favour of Elizabeth Frances Philipps, Viscountess St Davids , who became the fourteenth Baroness. She was the second wife of John Philipps, 1st Viscount St Davids . The abeyance of the ancient baronies of Hungerford and de Moleyns was terminated at
779-565: The death of his grandson, the ninth Earl and third Baron, in 1702. The earldom was inherited by the late Earl's younger brother, the tenth Earl, while the barony fell into abeyance between the Earl's two daughters, Lady Henrietta and Lady Elizabeth. On Lady Elizabeth's death in 1714 the abeyance was terminated in favour of Henrietta, who became the fourth Baroness. She married, firstly, John Annesley, 4th Earl of Anglesey, and after his death, secondly, John Ashburnham, 1st Earl of Ashburnham . Lady Strange
820-456: The death of his great-grandson, the fifth Earl and 13th Baron, in 1594. The earldom was inherited by his younger brother, the sixth Earl, while the barony of Strange (as well as the baronies of Mohun of Dunster and Stanley, also held by the Earl) fell into abeyance between the late Earl's three daughters Lady Anne, Lady Frances and Lady Elizabeth (however, the sixth Earl of Derby erroneously assumed
861-456: The death of the peer who had made the disclaimer, whereupon it descends to his or her heir in the usual manner. The one-year window after the passage of the Act soon proved to be of importance at the highest levels of British politics, after the resignation of Harold Macmillan as Prime Minister in October 1963. Two hereditary peers wished to be considered to replace him, but by this time it
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#1732783183331902-463: The earlier 1295 barony, which was still extant on its creation. He was the eldest son and heir of John le Strange IV of Knockin, the eldest son of John le Strange III of Knockin, and was therefore the nephew of the baron of the 1295 creation. Hamo le Strange , younger brother of the 2nd Baron, founded the family of Le Strange of Hunstanton , Norfolk (which ancestral manor was given to him by the 2nd Baron in 1309), and bore his paternal arms differenced by
943-491: The general right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords, and the consequent removal of the general disability of such peers to sit in or vote for the House of Commons, it is no longer necessary for hereditary peers to disclaim their peerages for this purpose. In 2001, the 3rd Viscount Thurso became the first British hereditary peer to be elected to the Commons and take his seat. Later that year, Douglas Hogg inherited
984-468: The last surviving Irish representative peer had died in 1961). The Act granted peers of Scotland the same right to sit in the House of Lords as peers of England, Great Britain or the United Kingdom, thereby ending the election of Scottish representative peers and increasing the number of peers of Scotland in the Lords (who did not already sit as holder of another British peerage) from 16 to about 46. An amendment that would have allowed Irish peers to sit in
1025-424: The male line, many of the older ones (particularly older baronies) can descend through females. Such peerages follow the old English inheritance law of moieties so all daughters (or granddaughters through the same root) stand as co-heirs, so some such titles are in such a state of abeyance between these. Baronets , while holders of hereditary titles, as such are not peers and not entitled to stand for election in
1066-464: The other peerages are shown in blue, and peers with more than one title of the same rank in the Peerage of England are shown in orange. Subsidiary title Subsidiary title Peerage Act 1963 The Peerage Act 1963 (c. 48) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that permits female hereditary peers and all Scottish hereditary peers to sit in
1107-564: The passing of the Peerage Act 1963 , Elizabeth Frances Philipps, 14th Baroness Strange (of the 1299 creation), became the first female to take her seat in the House of Lords by virtue of an hereditary peerage. The first creation came in 1295 when Roger le Strange "of Salop" (i.e. Shropshire ) was summoned to the Model Parliament by writ addressed to Rogero Extraneo , by which he is deemed to have become Lord Strange . He
1148-534: The previous day, thereby disqualifying himself from the House ( outright resignation is prohibited ), and Benn was then re-elected in Bristol South East at the ensuing by-election. To disclaim a hereditary peerage, the peer must deliver an instrument of disclaimer to the Lord Chancellor within one year of succeeding to the peerage, or within one year after the passage of the Act, or, if under
1189-612: The runner-up, the Conservative Malcolm St Clair . In 1963, the Conservative Government agreed to introduce a Peerage Bill, allowing individuals to disclaim peerages; it received royal assent on 31 July 1963. Tony Benn was the first peer to make use of the Act. St Clair, fulfilling a promise he had made at the time of taking his seat, accepted the office of Steward of the Manor of Northstead
1230-399: The same time in her favour. On 31 July 1963, the Peerage Act 1963 came into effect, which, among other things, enabled women to sit and vote in the House of Lords by virtue of an hereditary peerage. Following the passage of the Act, Lady St Davids applied for a writ of summons to the House of Lords in right of her Strange barony, which was subsequently issued to her, and she took her seat in
1271-498: The three daughters of the fourth Duke of Atholl, Lady Charlotte, Lady Amelia Sophia and Lady Elizabeth. The abeyance was terminated by the Queen in 1965 in favour of John Drummond of Megginch, who became the fifteenth Baron. He was the great-grandson of Lady Charlotte and her second husband Admiral Sir Adam Drummond of Megginch. However, on his death in 1982 the peerage once again fell into abeyance, this time between his three daughters. It
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1312-411: Was elected as an excepted hereditary peer after losing reelection as an MP. Since the chief purpose for the Act ended in 1999, there has only been one further disclaimer: Christopher Silkin, 3rd Baron Silkin , disclaimed his title in 2002. As of 2024, the barony of Silkin is the only title currently disclaimed under the terms of the Peerage Act 1963. The Peerage Act 1963 only applies to titles held in
1353-585: Was a younger son of John le Strange III of Knockin Castle in Shropshire, Sheriff of Shropshire and Staffordshire in 1236. On his death in 1311 the title became extinct. The second creation came in 1299 when John le Strange V was summoned to the House of Lords by a writ directed to Johanni Lestraunge de Knokyn , by which he is deemed to have become Lord Strange . This creation is referred to as Baron Strange de Knokyn or Baron Strange of Knokyn ( aliter Knokin or Knockin, etc.), named after his seat of Knockin Castle in Shropshire, which thus distinguishes it from
1394-511: Was called out of abeyance in 1986 in favour of the eldest daughter, Cherry, who became the sixteenth Baroness. She was the wife of Captain Humphrey ap Evans (1922–2009), who along with his wife assumed the name of Drummond of Megginch by decree of the Lord Lyon in 1965. Lady Strange was one of the ninety hereditary peers that were allowed to remain in the House of Lords after the passing of
1435-415: Was considered requisite that a prime minister sit in the Commons. The 2nd Viscount Hailsham and the 14th Earl of Home took advantage of the Act to disclaim their peerages, despite having inherited them in 1950 and 1951 respectively. Sir Alec Douglas-Home , as Lord Home now became, was chosen as prime minister; both men later returned to the House of Lords as life peers . Since the abolition in 1999 of
1476-471: Was created Earl Strange and Baron Murray of Stanley in the Peerage of Great Britain . The dukedom and barony remained united until the death of his great-great-grandson, the ninth Duke and fourteenth Baron, in 1957 (see the Duke of Atholl for more detailed information on the holders during this period and for later history of the title). The barony of Strange fell into abeyance between the representatives of
1517-511: Was elected to the House of Commons in 1950. Not wishing to leave it for the other House, he campaigned through the 1950s for a change in the law. In 1960, the 1st Viscount died and Tony Benn inherited the title, automatically losing his seat in the House of Commons as a member for the constituency of Bristol South East . In the ensuing by-election , however, Benn was re-elected to the Commons, despite being disqualified. An election court ruled that he could not take his seat , instead awarding it to
1558-429: Was succeeded by her daughter from her second marriage, Henrietta Bridget, the fifth Baroness. However, she died unmarried at an early age and was succeeded by her aforementioned great-uncle, the tenth Earl of Derby, who became the sixth Baron Strange. Lord Derby was childless and was succeeded in the barony by his first cousin once removed James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl , who became the seventh Baron Strange as well. He
1599-444: Was summoned to Parliament as Lord Strange . However, the title became extinct on his death in 1335. His nephew Roger le Strange, 4th Baron Strange of Knockyn, was his heir. In 1594 William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby (1561-1642), following the death of his elder brother the 5th Earl of Derby, incorrectly assumed the title Baron Strange (created in 1299) (see above). In 1628 his son and heir apparent, James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby ,
1640-402: Was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration as Lord Strange . When it was discovered that his father's assumption of the barony was erroneous, it was deemed that there were two baronies of Strange, one created in 1299 then in abeyance, and another created "accidentally" in 1628. James Stanley later succeeded his father as 7th Earl of Derby. The titles remained united until
1681-439: Was the grandson of Lady Amelia Anne Sophia Stanley, daughter of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby . On his death the dukedom and barony separated. He was succeeded in the dukedom by his nephew John Murray, 3rd Duke of Atholl , while the barony passed to his daughter Charlotte, the eighth Baroness. She married her first cousin, the third Duke of Atholl. They were both succeeded by their son, the fourth Duke and ninth Baron. In 1786 he