62-611: Los Alamos usually refers to Los Alamos, New Mexico . Los Alamos may also refer to: Los Alamos, New Mexico Los Alamos ( Spanish : Los Álamos , meaning The Cottonwoods ) is a census-designated place in Los Alamos County, New Mexico , United States, that is recognized as one of the development and creation places of the atomic bomb —the primary objective of the Manhattan Project by Los Alamos National Laboratory during World War II . The town
124-525: A postal box ) is a uniquely addressable lockable box located on the premises of a post office . In some regions, particularly in Africa, there is no door-to-door delivery of mail; for example, in Kenya . Consequently, renting a PO box has traditionally been the only way to receive mail in such countries. Generally, post office boxes are rented from the post office either by individuals or by businesses on
186-536: A PO Box until the box is closed, and then only to one address for all subscribers. As part of the agreement to rent a PO Box, if the PO Box is used for business, the Post Office will provide, upon request, the geographical (street) address of the business. Until 2012, only items mailed or shipped via USPS could be received at a USPS PO Box. However, a service called Street Addressing has begun to change this. Once
248-447: A bachelor's degree or higher was estimated to be 50.6% of the population. 22.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 97.6 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that
310-481: A basis ranging from monthly to annual, and the cost of rent varies depending on the box size. Central business district (CBD) PO boxes are usually more expensive than rural PO boxes. In the United States, the rental rate used to be uniform across the country. Now, however, a postal facility can be in any of seven fee groups by location; in addition, certain customers qualify for free box rental, usually because
372-489: A code to a door keypad . In addition, some post offices are located in rented facilities such as shopping malls. As a result, PO boxes can only be accessed while that facility is open. If a parcel does not fit in a PO box, the postmaster will leave a note advising that customer to pick up that parcel from the counter. In some post offices, a key will be left in the PO box that corresponds to a larger, locked box (parcel locker) where
434-511: A delay. If an item is shipped using Street Addressing in which the box holder did not properly sign up for, it will be returned to sender. Street Addressing will have the same street address of the post office, plus a "unit number" that matches the P.O. Box number. As an example, in El Centro, California , the post office is located at 1598 Main Street. Therefore, for P.O. Box 9975 (fictitious),
496-419: A fee). Other restrictions also exist, including the same limitations on items that cannot otherwise be mailed by ground service though USPS. (Not to be confused with items that cannot be shipped by air.) In many cases, the package may require one additional business day for delivery, and the service was never intended for overnight delivery. Also, federal holidays not observed by the private shipper might cause
558-471: A given location. In Australia , wall-mounted PO boxes come in five sizes: small, medium, large, jumbo and A4. The different sizes boxes can be mixed almost completely arbitrarily on the wall. There is also an option for locked private bag which comes in two different sizes as well: small and large. PO boxes and private locked bags can be combined. In New Zealand , customers have the option to select between two sizes of PO Boxes: small and large. There
620-460: A memorandum instructing them to travel to Santa Fe and report to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers office at 109 East Palace Avenue. At that location, Dorothy McKibbin provided newcomers with the necessary documentation to get through security checkpoints (initially, letters signed by J. Robert Oppenheimer himself, and later, security passes), along with specific directions to the Hill. The project
682-643: A permission form is completed by the box holder, Street Addressing allows private shippers, such as United Parcel Service (UPS) or FedEx , to ship items to a modification of the actual street address of the Post Office where the PO Box is located. The Post Office accepts the item, and places it in the PO Box or, for larger items, handles them the same way they would a package sent via USPS. (Some have storage lockers .) Only certain Post Offices offer Street Addressing, and even for ones that do, it may not be available to all of its PO Box customers (e.g., boxes without
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#1732773131345744-426: A pilot program with a computerized parcel locker kiosk system, called "gopost" which installed larger boxes to handle package pickup from an unstaffed station. A given box can be used by multiple customers thanks to the integration of a computer which accepts a delivery code. Until 2012, package delivery to USPS post office boxes was not available from private carriers like UPS , FedEx and others. In early 2012,
806-521: A post office. In urban areas with PO Boxes for rent there also may be home delivery of mail. In rural areas Post Boxes are often compulsory as no street deliveries take place. In the areas for which there is no street delivery, Post Boxes are not charged for. Boxes and Street delivery postal codes may be the same in an area, or may differ. Private Bags are available for recipients of large mail volumes. In Hong Kong, PO boxes are available in two different sizes. They are available in many post offices throughout
868-420: A wall of the post office, either an external wall or a wall in a lobby, so that staff on the inside may deposit mail in a box, while a key holder (some older post office boxes use a combination dial instead of a key) in the lobby or on the outside of the building may open their box to retrieve the mail. In many post offices in the United States, the PO box lobby is separate from the window-service lobby, so that
930-530: Is 93.3%, in comparison to New Mexico's 76.9% rate and America's average rate of 85%. The University of New Mexico also has a branch campus in Los Alamos. Los Alamos is the fifth-fastest-growing city in New Mexico, after Albuquerque , Rio Rancho , Las Cruces , and Ruidoso . The median household income in Los Alamos is $ 98,458, and per capita income is $ 54,067. Income is significantly higher than
992-650: Is an extensive system of trails within the canyons and into the mountains above the town, catering to all skill levels of running, hiking and mountain biking . The Aquatic Center is an indoor, Olympic-length public swimming pool with a therapy pool and lazy river, and a public 18-hole golf course (par 72, 6500 yards) has existed since 1947. Winter sports include skiing at the community-owned Pajarito Mountain Ski Area on 10,440 ft. Pajarito Mountain between November and April. The county maintains New Mexico's only refrigerated, NHL regulation, outdoor ice skating rink on
1054-560: Is demographically unique compared to its surrounding counties and the state as a whole. Over 35% of the population of surrounding counties ( Rio Arriba , Santa Fe , and Sandoval ) and the state of New Mexico are Hispanic or Latino, while only about 20% of Los Alamosans are Hispanic or Latino. The white and especially the Asian populations of Los Alamos are significantly higher than the rest of New Mexico. The geography of Los Alamos lends itself to several sports and recreational activities. There
1116-504: Is located on four mesas of the Pajarito Plateau , and had a population of about 13,200 as of 2020. It is the county seat and one of two population centers in the county known as census-designated places (CDPs); the other is White Rock . Los Alamos is a Spanish place name that typically refers to poplar or cottonwood trees . Alternatively, Los Alamos could refer to the large groves of quaking aspen that intersperse
1178-463: Is only available at post office with valid ID, seal for receiving registered mail, and key fee (usually around 10,000 won). Seoul CPO box room is the only PO box in Korea with fully automated mail retrieving system. In Austria, PO Boxes come in one size, and four different versions Only mail from Austrian Post can be delivered to an Austrian Post PO Box, but there are also private companies offering
1240-405: Is the area's largest employer with approximately 10,500 employees, and is foundational to the economy of Los Alamos, with an annual budget of about $ 2.45 billion. Approximately 40% of the laboratory's employees live in Los Alamos, while the remainder commute from Santa Fe, Española, Taos, and Albuquerque. About 66% of the people who work in the national laboratories commute daily to the lab; some take
1302-452: Is the only hospital in Los Alamos and is a LifePoint Health hospital. The hospital provides "complete medical, surgical, obstetrical, pediatric, emergency, and diagnostic services" and employs about 300 Northern New Mexicans. Medical Associates of Northern New Mexico (MANNM) is a group of medical providers that offers family medicine, internal medicine, cardiology, nephrology, radiology, and endocrinology among its many services. During
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#17327731313451364-637: The Cold War , workers at LANL were in contact with radiation and other toxins, causing many of these individuals illness. A non-profit organization called Cold War Patriots provides these individuals and their families with information about the healthcare benefits available to them. The radio telescope located in Los Alamos is one of ten dishes composing the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). Post office box A post office box (commonly abbreviated as P.O. box , or also known as
1426-554: The United States Postal Service (USPS). They are usually arranged from the smallest boxes at the top to the largest boxes at the bottom. The two largest sizes may be configured as drawers. To rent a PO Box, two different forms of identification are required. At least one of them must be a valid photo ID. This also applies to others who wish to share the box with the original subscriber's permission, and are of legal age. The post office will not forward mail from
1488-517: The attacks of September 11, 2001 , Pajarito Road has been restricted to LANL badge holders for security reasons. Los Alamos County Airport , located on the eastern edge of Los Alamos, is the only airport in the county. The main source of activity is from small private aircraft, with intermittent commercial commuter service. Albuquerque International Sunport is a 100-mile drive south of Los Alamos, and serves most national destinations. The 47-bed acute-care facility known as Los Alamos Medical Center
1550-566: The Atomic City Transit, Rail Runner Express, use the Park and Ride, or carpool with other employees. Other major employers in Los Alamos include Los Alamos County , Los Alamos Public Schools , Los Alamos Medical Center , Smith's Food and Drug , Enterprise Bank & Trust, and Del Norte Credit Union. Los Alamos provides several transportation services: Los Alamos is relatively isolated, and can only be accessed from NM 4 from
1612-581: The Postal Service does not offer carrier-route delivery to their physical addresses. In the United Kingdom, Royal Mail PO boxes are often little more than pigeon-holes in the secure section of a sorting office and are accessible only by staff. In such cases, the renter of the PO box will be issued with a card showing the PO box number and delivery office name and must produce this to the desk staff when collecting mail. For an additional fee,
1674-469: The Ranch School and all remaining homesteads in the area so that the relatively isolated location could be used for the secretive Manhattan Project , which ultimately developed the world's first nuclear weapons. Facilities for research and development were quickly built and scientists and engineers from all over the world were assigned to the project; however, all information about the town and project
1736-599: The Rio Grande and the eastern rim of the Valles Caldera on the Pajarito Plateau, approximately 35 mi (56 km) to the northwest of Santa Fe . The elevation at the post office is 7,320 feet (2,230 m) and total land area is 11.14 square miles (28.9 km ). The Los Alamos Townsite and White Rock are located on flat mesa tops separated by steep canyons, known as potreros . This location
1798-617: The Royal Mail will deliver received items to the renter's geographical address. Some private companies (e.g., United Parcel Service and commercial mail receiving agencies ) offer similar services of renting a mailbox in a public location. The difference is that mail sent there is addressed to a street address (along with the private box number), instead of just addressed to "PO Box CSX". Virtual mailboxes are similar to P.O. boxes but usually provide additional services such as scanning or forwarding. Post office boxes are usually mounted in
1860-587: The Street Addressing would be: 1598 Main Street Unit 9975, El Centro, CA. Nationally, the first five digits of the ZIP Code may or may not be the same as the P.O. Box address, and the last four digits (Zip + 4) are virtually always different. Except for a few of the largest post offices in the U.S., the 'Street Addressing' (not the P.O. Box address) nine digit Zip + 4 is the same for all boxes at
1922-553: The USPS introduced a P.O. Box Street Address (PBSA) service that allows box-holders to combine the street address of the post office where their box is located with their post office box number into a street address format. A mailing industry publication called the new service "a great service for people who already have a PO Box and don't want their packages delivered to their home." Users receiving very large quantities of mail can use " locked bags ", which are numbered like PO boxes. In
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1984-447: The United Kingdom, anyone applying for a Royal Mail PO box must produce documentation to verify their home or business address. Post can be forwarded to the real address or collected by the addressee. In Canada and the United States, Postal Boxes are available in five different sizes (A, B, C, D, and E). They are generally available in all post offices throughout the country. In the United States, PO Boxes are generally available through
2046-429: The United States, this service is called caller service, and the assigned number is called a caller number, although mail is typically addressed to "PO Box (caller number)." Each country has its own rules and regulations as to how one can retrieve mail at a PO Box. Some countries, such as the United States or the United Kingdom, may require one or more forms of identification. Not all countries offer locked PO Boxes. In
2108-576: The United States, two forms of identification are required when signing up for a PO Box; one of which must be a photo ID. Many countries offer some type of PO Boxes for different uses. There are an increasing number of private companies that provide similar PO Box services to the official postal service privately under the guise of mail forwarding . Cameroon uses the PO Boxes in Kumba, Yaoundé, Duoala, Bamenda, and other provinces. In Namibia, PO boxes are
2170-445: The age of 18 and 3.6% of those ages 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States census , there were 12,019 people with a population density of 1,078.7 inhabitants per square mile (416.5/km ). The median age is 40 years. 24.8% of the people are under the age of 18, 4.8% are ages 18 to 24, 29.2% are ages 25 to 44, 28.2% are ages 45 to 64, and 12.9% are ages 65 years or older. For every 100 females, there were 101.3 males. Los Alamos
2232-632: The area. "Over 200 species of birds have been reported" in the Pajarito Ornithological Survey conducted by LANL. Among these are broad-tailed hummingbirds , hairy woodpeckers , zone-tailed hawks , common ravens , western bluebirds , and great horned owls . Wildfires have affected the county, but the most destructive to the townsite was the Cerro Grande Fire of May 2000, which caused an estimated $ 1 billion in damages and destroyed more than 400 homes. The CDP
2294-440: The coniferous forest on the mountainsides above the townsite, where they are distinctly visible during the autumn months due to their spectacular autumn colors . The ruins of Puebloan settlements, such as those located in nearby Bandelier National Monument and Tsankawi , and numerous other sites such as cliff dwellings indicate that the area has been inhabited during various eras since around 1150 AD. The first settlers on
2356-514: The county, and are primarily (but not exclusively) on DOE property. Contaminated sites vary widely in significance. Corrective action and environmental restoration has been deemed necessary for certain areas; LANL takes part in this process. Some residents have voiced concern about a lack of public participation and opportunity to comment on the cleanup schedule and funding. The 2020 United States census counted 13,179 people, 5,653 households, and 3,522 families in Los Alamos. The population density
2418-400: The former may be kept open for longer hours or around the clock, while the latter is locked after business hours. In the U.S. since the 1980s, in cities and large urban areas, post offices have tended to close box lobbies overnight because of the tendency of homeless people to use them for sleeping quarters. As a result, some box lobbies are accessible after hours by customers who are provided
2480-572: The homesteaders later moved down to the warmer Rio Grande Valley. In 1917, homesteader Harold H. Brook sold part of his land and buildings to Ashley Pond II, a businessman from Detroit who founded the Los Alamos Ranch School . The area was used to teach young men basic ranching and other outdoor survival skills. In 1943, during World War II , the United States Department of War exercised eminent domain over
2542-421: The laboratory itself and opened up the town for visits by the general public. The first visitor to enter the town that year without a permit from the federal government was New Mexico Governor Edwin L. Mechem . The AEC was later succeeded by the U.S. Department of Energy . Los Alamos became the shooting location and setting for the 2023 film Oppenheimer . Los Alamos is located in northern New Mexico between
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2604-423: The median household income was $ 114,034 (with a margin of error of +/- $ 9,349) and the median family income was $ 139,184 (+/- $ 15,168). Males had a median income of $ 83,875 (+/- $ 7,095) versus $ 57,000 (+/- $ 11,331) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $ 72,606 (+/- $ 8,291). Approximately, 3.2% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 4.2% of those under
2666-447: The median value of owner-occupied housing units is $ 281,500. Median gross rent is $ 921. 31.4% of households have children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.4% are married couples living together, 6.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% are non-families. 29.8% of all households are made up of individuals, and 7.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. Los Alamos National Laboratory
2728-503: The metropolitan areas are often full and a new user expects to wait for years or more. In the Philippines, PO boxes are available for rent in selected post offices. PO boxes, also known as lock boxes, are available in three sizes: small, medium and large. In South Korea, PO boxes are available in one size at selected post offices. There is no charge for renting PO box, but renter must fetch mail at least once in 30 days. Application
2790-435: The only form of mail delivery to private individuals. Even small settlements feature a block of PO boxes for rent. In Windhoek , capital and the only large town, blocks of PO boxes are scattered all over the city and not necessarily located at post offices but at shopping malls, in pedestrian zones or on public places. The South African Post Office has Post Boxes available for rent. These are usually attached to or close to
2852-418: The patron may pick up their package if a signature is not required. Most often, in this case, once the key is used to open the larger, locked box, the key cannot be removed again by the patron, but the door cannot be secured either. Notes will also be left in the PO box in respect of cash on delivery (COD) and registered mail that has to be signed for. In 2011, the United States Postal Service (USPS) began
2914-522: The plateau are thought to be Keres speaking Native Americans around the 10th century. Around 1300, Tewa settlers immigrated from the Four Corners Region and built large cities but were driven out within 50 years by Navajo and Apache raids and by drought. In the late 19th century, homesteaders utilized the land for ranching. Most homesteaders built simple log cabins that they only lived in during warm weather to feed livestock. Many of
2976-519: The public; being announced by the White House at 11 am on 6 August. A set of press releases were given out over three days. In the years after World War II, the laboratory was formally established as a research government facility under the civilian control of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission , and is now known as Los Alamos National Laboratory . In 1957, the AEC pulled back the security perimeter to
3038-718: The region (in the valleys and at the base of the mountain). White Rock lies at the top of White Rock Canyon. Much of Los Alamos County is within the Española Ranger District of the Santa Fe National Forest . Los Alamos has a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) with four distinct seasons. Summer days are moderately warm in the 70s°F (low 20s°C) and 70s°F (high 20s°C), but reach 90 °F (32 °C) on only 5 days per year on average. Los Alamos' geographical location causes its wildlife and vegetation to be diverse compared to surrounding areas in
3100-586: The rest of New Mexico. Los Alamos has the highest millionaire concentration of any US city, with 12.4 percent of households having at least $ 1 million in assets. This is a result of chemists, engineers, and physicists working at LANL since the Manhattan Project. Only 6.6% of people are below the poverty line; one-third the rate of New Mexico. As of January 2015, there were zero homeless individuals. There are 5,249 households and an average household size of 2.23 people. There are 5,863 housing units, and
3162-481: The same services. In Serbia, anyone can apply for Post Office Box (in Serbian: Поштански фах) for very small yearly fee (currently, cost is two standard postal stamps). Application contains identification and address information of a user. User may choose what mail should be delivered to postal office Box and what should be delivered to the real address. If not specified otherwise, all mail goes to Post Office Box. In
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#17327731313453224-690: The south and NM 502 from the east. NM 502 sees significantly more traffic because it connects with US 84/285, which delivers access to several Pueblo communities between Española and Santa Fe. Approximately 10,000 commuters use NM 502 daily. NM 502 begins at Pojoaque , and traverses San Ildefonso Pueblo and the Rio Grande . Interstate 25 is the nearest major interstate highway, and passes through or near Santa Fe , Albuquerque and Denver . There are three access roads between White Rock and Los Alamos—Main Hill Road, Jemez Road and Pajarito Road. Since
3286-603: The state. "The variation in elevation creates precipitation and temperature gradients that support a wide diversity of plant communities..." There are six different plant communities within the county; each is home to unique flora and fauna . Ponderosa pine trees are the most common trees at the elevation of Los Alamos (7,000 and 8,000 feet (2,100 and 2,400 m)). Common shrubs in the area include sagebrush , Gambel oak , and wild rose . Black bears (brown-color variation), elk , mule deer , bobcats , gray foxes , skunks and chipmunks are examples of mammals living in
3348-913: The sun-shaded floor of Los Alamos Canyon, almost beneath the Omega Bridge. Snowshoeing and cross-country skiing are possible at Valles Caldera National Preserve and other locations, weather permitting. Los Alamos is host to several sporting events: On November 10, 2015, the National Park Service and the U.S. Department of Energy announced the establishment of Manhattan Project National Historical Park in Los Alamos, along with units in Hanford, Washington and Oak Ridge, Tennessee . Los Alamos Public Schools provides public Kindergarten through High School education (5 elementary schools, 1 middle school, and 1 high school: Los Alamos High School ). The graduation rate, as of March 6, 2021,
3410-438: The territory. In Japan, PO boxes are available at most post office locations. There is no cost to rent a post office box as the box is provided to ease the effort in delivering postal items to regular customers. Therefore, renters must receive at least one postal item every day and are expected to visit and retrieve mail regularly (daily, in principle) from the box. The renter must also rent the box for six months or more. Boxes in
3472-524: Was 1,186.4 inhabitants per square mile (458.1/km ). There were 6,026 housing units at an average density of 542.5 per square mile (209.5/km ). The racial makeup was 73.15% (9,640) white or European American (67.79% non-Hispanic white ), 0.99% (131) black or African-American , 0.74% (98) Native American or Alaska Native , 7.96% (1,049) Asian , 0.09% (12) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian , 3.95% (520) from other races , and 13.12% (1,729) from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race
3534-429: Was 17.35% (2,287) of the population. Of the 5,653 households, 30.6% had children under the age of 18; 50.4% were married couples living together; 22.0% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 32.4% of households consisted of individuals and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 2.9. The percent of those with
3596-419: Was chosen for its relative inaccessibility to help protect the secret activities of the Manhattan Project. The town of Los Alamos was built on four potreros—Barranca Mesa, North Mesa, Los Alamos Mesa and South Mesa—along with the connecting communities at the base of the mountain. Los Alamos National Laboratory occupies half of South Mesa, Two Mile Mesa, Frijoles Mesa, Mesita de Buey and several nearby areas in
3658-444: Was evacuated for eight days. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) built temporary housing on North Mesa for those who were displaced by the fire. Though there was no loss of life, other effects include damage to LANL facilities ( nuclear material was not affected), flash-flooding, and erosion. The Las Conchas Fire of June 26, 2011 burned about three times as many acres and also prompted evacuation of Los Alamos, but there
3720-427: Was further concealed by designating its mailing address as PO Box 1663, Santa Fe, N.M. All incoming truckloads were falsely labeled as common items in order to conceal the true nature of their contents, and any outbound correspondence by those working and living in Los Alamos was censored by military officials. Not until after the bombing of Hiroshima in 1945 was information about the Manhattan Project released to
3782-419: Was held secret from the public. Los Alamos was referred to under the code name " Site Y " by military personnel, and was known only as "The Hill" by many in nearby Santa Fe. Los Alamos was originally built as a closed city accessible from the outside world through only two gates. The specific location of the project was a tightly guarded secret. All employees recruited to work at the Los Alamos site were given
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#17327731313453844-507: Was no damage to property in Los Alamos. It was the biggest wildfire New Mexico had endured until the Calf Canyon-Hermits Peak fire in 2022. Wildfires have altered plant communities in the area. Plant species are migrating to cover burn areas. Over two thousand sites in the area have been determined to have been impacted as a result of past activities at LANL. The location of these sites have been identified throughout
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