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51-608: Laveen School Auditorium is a historic structure located in Laveen, Arizona . It was constructed in 1940 and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. It is a one-story adobe building with a full basement, with some elements of American Craftsman style in its dormers, gable outriggers, bargeboards , and Spanish roof tile. It has also been known as Building A, Laveen School. Laveen, Arizona Laveen ( / l ə ˈ v iː n / lə- VEEN )

102-514: A barbershop , repair garage , two pool halls , and a building for the Laveen Women's Club. These businesses served as important gathering places for the greater Laveen community, which includes: modern south Phoenix, and the neighboring Gila River Indian Community (GRIC). In the early 1900s, Walter Emanuel Laveen and his family homesteaded an area encompassing all four corners of present-day 51st Avenue and Dobbins Road, where they also built

153-414: A razor blade, penetrating oil or a heat gun . Home remedies also include using common household items, such as WD-40 or paint thinner . Before bumper stickers, advertisers used other methods of displaying their wares. In the horse-drawn carriage era, advertisers printed on horsefly nets with the name of a business. In the 1930s and 1940s, bumper signs were printed on metal or cardboard and wired to

204-583: A campus at 59th Avenue and Vineyard Road. The K-8 tribal school Gila Crossing Community School, affiliated with the Bureau of Indian Education , is in Komatke , with a Laveen address. Laveen is in Arizona's 7th Congressional District, and is served by Representative Ruben Gallego , a Democrat . Laveen is also represented by Phoenix City Council's 7th district, and Arizona Legislative district 27. Laveen

255-666: A candidate while still maintaining some anonymity. Bumper stickers have caused legal issues between people and states. In 1989, a man with a bumper sticker containing indecent wording was convicted. The man's conviction was reversed in Cunningham v. State (1991). The court referenced the First Amendment , stating "the provision regulating profane words on bumper stickers reaches a substantial amount of constitutionally protected speech and unconstitutionally restricts freedom of expression". Considerable variation exists around

306-509: A chapter in 1947, and the group was organized statewide by 1949. In 1956 alone, the Laveen Cowbelles affixed 138,000 stickers reading "Beef for Father's Day" to envelopes mailed by various banks and businesses, and in 1959, the statewide group had the then-Governor, Paul Fannin , proclaim "Beef for Father's Day." The Cowbelles also gave members the ability to "communicate with one another about their collective identity." Their mascot

357-513: A dairy. In 1919, the Cheathams sold their dairy, and moved to Laveen along with Cheatham's brother, Shelton. Dee and Shelton bought the general store from the Laveens, along with 40 acres (160,000 m ) of farmland on the southeast corner of 51st Avenue and Dobbins Road. They sold the store after running it for a few years, and used the proceeds to set up separate farms. Shelton's farm was on

408-497: A result, there are plans for a new Laveen hospital, regional retail centers, and potential Spring Training expansion in 2011–2012. A new retail development, called Laveen Park Place, opened around the time of the freeway opening. Laveen supports two golf courses: the former Bougainvillea Golf Club (formerly private), which became a public course under new management in October 2012, and now known as Southern Ridge Golf Club ; and

459-410: A route for advertising and a few companies offer to match car owners to advertisers willing to pay for the ad. " Shirat Hasticker " ("The Sticker Song") by Hadag Nachash is an Israeli song composed entirely of bumper sticker slogans. Variants of the bumper sticker have developed in recent years, including vinyl decals meant to be applied to a car's rear windshield, and chrome emblems to be affixed to

510-473: A ten- or twenty-minute commute of the Interstate 10 corridor and downtown.” — Laveen Planning Commission In 2000, a commercial home builder broke ground on "Arlington Estates," a large residential development in what, at the time, was rural Laveen. Since that time, the community has experienced explosive residential growth. That growth has been tempered, however, by community activist groups, such as

561-620: A variety of events, including: a cow milking competition, pot-belly pig racing, country music, and more. World War II Alamo Scout (US 6th Army Special Reconnaissance Unit) Joshua Sunn was born and raised in Laveen. The endangered Maricopa language is spoken by fewer than 100 members of the Maricopa (or Piipaash) tribe, most of whom live at the Maricopa Colony near Laveen. Laveen became less isolated as bridges were built across

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612-595: Is a community in Maricopa County , Arizona , United States, situated eight miles (13 km) southwest of Downtown Phoenix , between South Mountain and the confluence of the Gila and Salt rivers. Parts of Laveen constitute an unincorporated community in Maricopa County, while the remainder falls within the city limits of Phoenix, constituting the city's "Laveen Village" an urban village within

663-461: Is linked to the number of markers a person has on their car, regardless of the messages portrayed. Early bumper stickers had printed directions on the back removable liner for applying them to the bumper of a car. Due to the movement of the vehicle and changing weather conditions, the sticker needed to adhere well to the bumper surface. There are some "easy to remove" bumper stickers and magnetic bumper stickers. Bumper stickers can be removed with

714-664: Is located near the confluence of the Salt and Gila Rivers , southwest of downtown Phoenix . The area of Laveen contains approximately 48 square miles (120 km ) of largely undeveloped, agricultural property, as well as several groups of residential housing developments. It is bounded on the north by the Salt River , on the south by South Mountain Park , on the west by the Gila River Indian Community , and on

765-652: Is served by the Laveen Elementary School District and Roosevelt Elementary School District (for both elementary and middle school students), and the Phoenix Union High School District . In addition to the original Laveen School, now a K-8 school named Laveen Elementary, the community supports seven other K-8 schools: Bernard Black, Cheatham Elementary, Desert Meadows, M.C. Cash Elementary, Rogers Ranch, Trailside Point, and Vista del Sur (a traditional school that

816-508: The Aguila Golf Course (public), 18-hole pro golf course featuring 3 lakes that is owned by the city of Phoenix. Southern Ridge, located at 59th Avenue and Baseline Road, was an 18-hole, par-72 course with six par 5's, 4's, and 3's, as well as a driving range. Aguila is an 18-hole public course located at 35th Avenue and Dobbins Road. In addition to its main course, Aguila has a 9-hole par-3 executive course as well. The community

867-560: The United States to display political support during elections, their prevalence is comparatively lower in countries like the United Kingdom . Before the emergence of bumper stickers, advertising took various forms, including horsefly nets, metal or cardboard bumper signs, and window shield decals . The advancement of fluorescent inks during World War II and the accessibility of pressure-sensitive and adhesive materials in

918-508: The Arizona Supreme Court ruled on January 12, 1952, that percolating water was not private property. Several residents had sued Dee Cheatham for what they believed was excessive pumping of ground water, causing their wells to run dry. The court cited the principle "Rock stays, water moves." However, on February 26, 1952, the court reversed itself, ruling that ground water should be limited to "reasonable" use, but still fell under

969-457: The LCC and two newer groups, "Laveen Citizens for Responsible Development" (LCRD), and "South Laveen Against High Density" (SLAHD). These groups put pressure on developers to include equestrian trails , open spaces , and other bucolic and rural elements in new developments. For example, when Walmart opened its Laveen location in 2007, it looked “a little different than most other Walmart. The face of

1020-580: The Salt River. The store, barber shop, and one of the pool houses burned down. Roger Laveen, later elected Maricopa County Recorder, tore down the other pool hall. The Laveen Women's Club donated its building to the community, which moved it west of Laveen School. The LCC restored the building – now called "Building A" – using barbecue proceeds as well as federal funds. Although some dairies and farms have sold out to residential and commercial developers, some remain, contributing to

1071-718: The UN's Geneva Convention on Road Traffic (1949) and Vienna Convention on Road Traffic (1968). Often the country code is displayed on the license plate itself. These have (usually in the United States) been appropriated into tags indicating a country with which the driver affiliates, or more humorously to indicate things like a region ( OBX ), support for rabbit rescue groups ( BUN ), etc. People who opt to exhibit their individuality through these decals may take part in more acts of road rage . Colorado State University social psychologist William Szlemko found that aggressive driving

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1122-809: The United States, bumper stickers are a popular way of showing support for a candidate for a government seat and become more common during election years. In others, such as the United Kingdom, they are rarely seen in any form. One variety of bumper stickers is the country tag . This is typically used for cars crossing international borders, and is overseen by the United Nations as the Distinguishing Signs of Vehicles in International Traffic , being authorized by

1173-471: The area's first general store on the southeast corner. Members of the Laveen family donated land adjacent to their store for a school built in 1913, and named "Laveen School." A second general store, the Del Monte Market , was built in 1908 at 27th Avenue and Dobbins Road, and is considered the oldest still-standing building in Laveen. In 1915, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation noted the community

1224-578: The baseball fields at Laveen School, although donations to the March of Dimes continued into the 1970s. By 1984, the barbecue had raised a cumulative $ 71,000. The date of the event was gradually moved into early February. In recent years, the barbecue has grown into a very large event held at Corona Ranch, a venue in Laveen with rodeo grounds. The event attracts vendors from all over Arizona, and serves as an opportunity for community members to come together. The barbecue has held tight to its rural roots, and hosts

1275-590: The beef industry. Their parent group, the Arizona Cowbelles, was formed in Douglas, Arizona , in 1938 to "cement the goodwill and friendship among the wives and mothers of cattle men in Cochise County ." They were initially a local service organization, putting together socials and picnics, but eventually expanded their mission to include promoting the industry's beef products. Laveen women formed

1326-557: The body of the car itself, generally on the rear (the " Jesus fish " and its " Darwin fish " counterpart are popular examples). License plate frames and vanity plates can serve a similar purpose to bumper stickers, although the law may place restrictions on messages they display. Stickers are sometimes used for commemoration. After the attack at the Bataclan club in Paris in 2015, a wave of commemoration began through stickers across

1377-639: The building has more of a rural design, and there is more dense and mature landscaping than other Walmart stores.” Although official zoning recommendations for the area of Laveen falling within the city of Phoenix come from the Laveen Planning Commission (LPC), the Phoenix City Council has historically taken the recommendations of both the commission and the LCRD into consideration when voting on zoning matters. Zoning in both

1428-529: The chrome bumpers. Lester Dill, promoter of Meramec Caverns in Missouri, was an ardent adopter of the bumper sign to attract motorists to his site. Using a windowshield decal was another option. These paper strips could be wetted and placed inside a car window. However, these strips did not hold up well when placed on a bumper. Various factors contributed to the development of the bumper sticker. Developments in material manufacturing during World War II led to

1479-542: The church purchased land for a permanent building on the northeast corner of 51st Avenue and Dobbins Road, across from the school. The church added a parsonage in 1948, and had a full-time pastor by the 1970s. Today, Laveen supports seven churches, and has an Islamic mosque under construction on the site of the old Laveen General Store, named the Islamic Center of Laveen. The Laveen Cowbelles were women from Laveen ranching and dairy families who worked to promote

1530-417: The city of Phoenix. Laveen Village is split between District 7 and District 8, both notable as minority-majority districts for the city. Although Laveen has been home to "pastoral alfalfa, cotton, and dairy farms" since the 1880s, housing and commercial developments have been increasingly urbanizing the area. The Laveen area was first settled by farmers and dairymen in 1884. Despite its proximity to Phoenix,

1581-418: The city. Thousands of stickers bearing the words " Je Suis Paris " (I am Paris) were affixed as an act of commemoration and solidarity with the victims. Some of them bore the names of the victims of the attack. After the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel , the victims of the attack and those killed in the war that broke out after the attack were memorialized in the public space with stickers. In New Zealand there

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1632-460: The community set up a public-use hydrant south of the store, where people, including members of the Maricopa and Pima tribes, came for their drinking water. Tribe members would bring wagon loads of milk cans to fill with water, and firewood to trade for groceries. During the winter, the store would sell excess wood to wood lots in and around Phoenix. In a landmark water rights ruling involving several Laveen residents, Bristor v. Cheatham ,

1683-481: The community was isolated from its larger neighbor by the Salt River , which carried water year-round until the Roosevelt Dam was completed in 1911. The only bridged crossing was at Central Avenue , more than six miles (9.7 km) away. Because of its isolation, like the rest of south Phoenix, early Laveen was autonomous of Phoenix, and became relatively self-sufficient , supporting two general stores ,

1734-470: The continued rural feel of the area. “As development pressures increase throughout the valley and city leaders continue to focus on infill of properties near central Phoenix, the area's proximity to downtown and access to the future South Mountain Loop will bring these pressures to bear on Laveen. The area contains approximately 28 square miles (73 km ) of largely undeveloped and agricultural property within

1785-499: The cotton by hand would arrive, swelling the local population. Most farms provided housing for the workers. The seasonal migrant population has dropped off due to the increased use of farm machinery in harvesting cotton. Laveen School had the area's only deep well , which also supplied the Laveen Store. Water from residents' shallow wells was acceptable for washing and crop cultivation, but too salty for culinary use. Therefore,

1836-526: The county and city areas of Laveen is guided by a master plan called the "Southwest Regional Growth Study." In the 1980s, the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) proposed building part of the 202 Freeway through Laveen. ADOT later shelved its plans due to funding problems. However, the freeway construction eventually began, and the extension, passing through most of Laveen at about 59th Avenue, officially opened on December 21, 2019. As

1887-425: The dairy, the Cheathams had to clear the site of mesquite and rattlesnakes . Once complete, it was one of the larger dairies in Arizona and used registered Holstein cattle . The Cheathams grew their own hay on nearby land for the operation, and originally used a large herd of Belgian and Suffolk Punch draft horses to pull the hay mowers, rakes, baler, and wagons. Although tractors eventually took over most of

1938-524: The east by 27th Avenue. After several annexations from the mid-1990s to the present, a large portion of the community lies within the city limits of Phoenix, and is designated by the city as Laveen Village (an urban village ). Laveen is located entirely within the Sonoran Desert , an arid climate. High temperatures in the summer season can average over 105 degrees Fahrenheit . The daily high temperature ranges from over 115 °F (46 °C) during

1989-433: The famous signs painted on the roofs of barns throughout the southeastern USA. Tourist attraction staff would circulate through the parking lot, applying the promotional sticker to every car. The first documented presidential election that used adhesive bumper stickers in political campaigns was the 1952 election between Dwight D. Eisenhower and Adlai Stevenson II . Bumper stickers allowed citizens to show support for

2040-713: The hottest days of summer, to about 65 °F (18 °C) in winter. There are two wet seasons : first in spring, and then in late summer, when sometimes-powerful monsoon thunderstorms roar through the area. Occasionally, a winter storm will leave snow on the nearby Estrella Mountains , which occurred between March 11–12, 2006 and on March 2, 2023. Bumper sticker Bumper stickers serve various purposes, including personal expression, promotion, humor, or political activism . They encompass commercial, religious, secular, military, and sports-related themes, allowing individuals to showcase affiliations or support for various causes, regions, or groups. While they are widely used in

2091-400: The late 1940s and beyond. Early widespread uses of the advertising bumper sticker were for tourist attractions, such as Marine Gardens, Florida, Seven Falls, Colorado, Meramec Caverns in Missouri, and Lookout Mountain, Tennessee . Another popular advertisement was the " See Rock City " sticker. In the 1940s and 1950s, visitors to the site had a sticker applied to their car, which duplicated

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2142-449: The original 40 acres (160,000 m ), while Dee and Lula moved south to 51st Avenue and Elliott Road, where they set up not only a new farm, but also a dairy. “Come to Laveen and smell our 'Dairy-Air'” — Laveen Community Council bumper sticker By 1941, the Cheathams' dairy operation had outgrown their farm, so they bought 360 acres (1.5 km ) of land south of Baseline Road , between 43rd and 51st Avenues. While constructing

2193-723: The ownership of landowners. Although many of the early settlers were religious, including the Clevengers who were Mormons , through April 1939, various attempts by churches to set up a Sunday School in Laveen had failed. However, that month, members of the Central Baptist Church of Phoenix leased space in the Laveen School Auditorium , and after their "mission" took hold, grew into the Laveen Baptist Church by 1943. That year,

2244-405: The post-war period played a significant role in the development and widespread adoption of bumper stickers. Bumper stickers can be commercial, religious, secular, humorous, or in support of a sports team or other organization. They may promote or oppose a particular philosophical or political position. Or they may go a different route and show a funny cartoon or punchline. In some countries, such as

2295-453: The production of paper strips with adhesive on the back. In addition, increased use of vinyl by the general public after World War II led to the eventual use of this material in bumper stickers. Many experts credit Forest P. Gill, a silkscreen printer from Kansas City, USA, as the developer of the bumper sticker. Gill recognized that the self-adhesive paper used during the second world war could be used to advertise promotional products in

2346-432: The widespread use of daylight fluorescent inks , which were invented by Bob Switzer and his brother Joe. These inks appeared to glow during the daytime and were useful to support various wartime activities ; they were favored by early bumper sticker manufacturers after the war. In addition, the first commercially produced pressure-sensitive stickers appeared after World War II; new developments in adhesive materials led to

2397-480: The work, the horses were still used for feeding the dairy herd until the operation was shut down in 2003, and the family sold most of the land to developers. Several farmers in Laveen raised (and continue to raise) cotton. In 1916, Andrew Benton Clevenger moved his family from St. George, Utah , onto rented land in Laveen. With the whole family's help, they put in a cotton crop. Other farmers planted cotton as well, and around harvesting time, migrant workers who picked

2448-590: The world as to the context and purpose of stickers. For example many Veterans and military family members use military and war related stickers on their cars. They have also been extensively applied to rear windows as well, where legislative measures have not banned such use. For instance, in Sweden, this is the normal place to put them; bumper stickers are referred to as " bakrutedekal " in Swedish, meaning "rear window decal". More recently, bumper stickers have become

2499-598: Was "an ample-bosomed, blonde caricature named Lil' Dudette." In 1950, the Cowbelles organized a barbecue to give the community a chance to gather on the last Sunday of the year, and to raise money for the March of Dimes . In 1960, the non-profits and churches in Laveen formed the Laveen Community Council (LCC), which took over the barbecue, and began channeling most of the proceeds to pay for lights on

2550-491: Was called Laveen and had a population of less than 25. In March 1918, Walter Laveen was appointed the area's first postmaster, and operated the post office in the back of his store. Laveen later served as Sheriff in Pinal County . Armon Deconda "Dee" Cheatham succeeded Walter Laveen as postmaster, and served in the post for the next 30 years. Cheatham and his wife, Lula, were from Duncan, Arizona , where they had owned

2601-627: Was named the #1 Elementary School in the state of Arizona in 2012 by the Arizona Department of Education ). Rogers Ranch Elementary, the seventh school in the district with a curriculum focused on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (" STEM "), opened in August 2012. There are two charter schools in Laveen, and a private school in nearby Maricopa Village. Laveen has two high schools ( Fairfax High School and César Chávez High School ), and South Mountain Community College plans to build

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