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29-437: The lake reaches a depth of about 5.7 metres, and most of it is less than 4 metres deep. Areas that are less than 3 metres deep are completely covered by water lilies , while much of the swampy shoreline is covered with papyrus and the invasive water hyacinth . The papyrus also forms floating islands that drift between a number of small permanent islands. Extensive wetlands fed by a complex system of streams and rivers surround

58-402: A sister taxon , the family Cabombaceae , indicate, however, that the flowers of extant water lilies with the most floral parts are more derived than the genera with fewer floral parts. Genera with more floral parts, Nuphar , Nymphaea , Victoria , have a beetle pollination syndrome , while genera with fewer parts are pollinated by flies or bees , or are self- or wind-pollinated . Thus,

87-459: A long pedicel and usually floating or raised above the surface of the water, with girdling vascular bundles in receptacle . Some species are protogynous and primarily cross-pollinated, but because male and female stages overlap during the second day of flowering, and because it is self-compatible, self-fertilization is possible. Female and male parts of the flower are usually active at different times, to facilitate cross-pollination, although this

116-433: A morphologically aberrant species of Nymphaea , and is now included in this genus. The genera Euryale , of far east Asia, and Victoria , from South America, are closely related despite their geographic distance, but their relationship toward Nymphaea need further studies. The sacred lotus was once thought to be a water lily, but is now recognized to be a highly modified eudicot in its own family Nelumbonaceae of

145-578: A radial notch in Nymphaea and Nuphar , but fully circular in Victoria and Euryale . Water lilies are a well-studied family of plants because their large flowers with multiple unspecialized parts were initially considered to represent the floral pattern of the earliest flowering plants. Later genetic studies confirmed their evolutionary position as basal angiosperms . Analyses of floral morphology and molecular characteristics and comparisons with

174-598: A similar level of diversity in terms of feeding. The Kyoga cichlids include both described species like Haplochromis latifasciatus and H. worthingtoni , and undescribed like H. sp. "Kyoga flameback" and H. sp. "ruby" . As in Lake Victoria, the Kyoga cichlids have been decimated by the introduced Nile perch and some species are already extinct. Because Kyoga generally is shallow and swampy, some subsections—"satellite lakes"—are isolated to various degrees from

203-478: Is a family of flowering plants , commonly called water lilies . They live as rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate and tropical climates around the world. The family contains five genera with about 70 known species. Water lilies are rooted in soil in bodies of water, with leaves and flowers floating on or rising from the surface. Leaves are oval and heart-shaped in Barclaya . Leaves are round, with

232-538: Is a small family of three to six genera: Barclaya , Euryale , Nuphar , Nymphaea , Ondinea , and Victoria . The genus Barclaya is sometimes given rank as its own family, Barclayaceae , on the basis of an extended perianth tube (combined sepals and petals ) arising from the top of the ovary and by stamens that are joined in the base. However, molecular phylogenetic work includes it in Nymphaeaceae. The genus Ondinea has recently been shown to be

261-548: Is an aggregate of nuts, a berry, or an irregularly dehiscent fleshy spongy capsule. Seeds are often arillate, more or less lacking endosperm . Nymphaeaceae has been investigated systematically for decades because botanists considered their floral morphology to represent one of the earliest groups of angiosperms . Modern genetic analyses by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group researchers has confirmed its basal position among flowering plants. In addition,

290-543: Is considered symbolic of the grief of separation; it is considered to evoke imagery of the sunset, the seashore, and the shark. Water lilies were depicted by the French artist Claude Monet (1840–1926) in a series of paintings . The main job of the Maya rulers during pre-Columbian Mesoamerica was to obtain clean and drinkable water for their citizens during both the wet and dry seasons. Their success in accomplishing this

319-507: Is instead a liquid flowing directly from water lily flowers that were on the heads of certain gods. It is likely that the Maya ingested these plants to create a non-ordinary state of consciousness, which makes sense because there is a class of opiate alkaloids in Nymphaeaceae. Overall, these examples show just how important this specific form of water symbolism was throughout the Maya region. Basal angiosperms The basal angiosperms are

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348-617: Is just one of several reproductive strategies used by these plants. There are 4–12 sepals , which are distinct to connate , imbricate , and often petallike. Petals lacking or 8 to numerous, inconspicuous to showy, often intergrading with stamens . Stamens are 3 to numerous, the innermost sometimes represented by staminodes. Filaments are distinct, free or adnate to petaloid staminodes, slender and well differentiated from anthers to laminar and poorly differentiated from anthers; pollen grains usually monosulcate or lacking apertures. Carpels are 3 to numerous, distinct or connate. The fruit

377-661: Is the national flower of Iran , Bangladesh and Sri Lanka . The Emblem of Bangladesh contains a lily floating on water. It is also the birth flower for the month of July. The Nymphaeaceae, which is also called (Nilufar Abi in Persian), can be seen in many reliefs of the Achaemenid period (552 BC) such as the statue of Anahita in the Persepolis . Lotus flower was included in Kaveh the blacksmith 's Derafsh and later as

406-405: Is what allowed them to grow their polity by attracting dry-season laborers. They did this by constructing water systems such as reservoirs , wetland reclamation, and dams and channels to capture and store rainwater. With their knowledge of the wetland biosphere, they transformed artificial reservoirs into wetland biospheres. One way that they tested whether the water systems were working properly

435-524: The Gulf Coast of North America, is planted throughout the continent. It has escaped from cultivation and become invasive in some areas, such as California's San Joaquin Valley . It can infest slow-moving bodies of water and is difficult to eradicate. Populations can be controlled by cutting top growth. Herbicides can also be used to control populations using glyphosate and fluridone . The water lily

464-457: The Singida and Victoria , have become very rare, except in some satellite lakes). In 2006, only 4% of catches were haplochromine cichlids. Lake Kyoga has flora that includes; Pistia stratiodes (Water Lettuce), Cyperus Papyrus , Hyppo Grass , water Lily. Nymphaeaceae Extant genera Fossil genera Nymphaeaceae ( / ˌ n ɪ m f i ˈ eɪ s i . iː , - ˌ aɪ / )

493-619: The flowering plants which diverged from the lineage leading to most flowering plants. In particular, the most basal angiosperms were called the ANITA grade , which is made up of Amborella (a single species of shrub from New Caledonia), Nymphaeales (water lilies, together with some other aquatic plants) and Austrobaileyales (woody aromatic plants including star anise). ANITA stands for A mborella , N ymphaeales, I   lliciales , T rimeniaceae , and A ustrobaileya . Some authors have shortened this to ANA -grade for

522-416: The Nymphaeaceae are more genetically diverse and geographically dispersed than other basal angiosperms. Nymphaeaceae is placed in the order Nymphaeales , which is the second diverging group of angiosperms after Amborella in the most widely accepted flowering plant classification system, APG IV system . Victoria Euryale Nymphaea Ondinea Barclaya Nuphar Nymphaeaceae

551-511: The first two, and at least 60 in the last. Conversely, the small satellite lakes Nakuwa and Nyasala where Nile perch is abundant have less than 30 and 5 surviving haplochromines respectively. This also means that fishing in the Lake Kyoga system has gradually shifted from once targeting many native species, to now primarily targeting the native Lake Victoria sardine, the introduced Nile perch and introduced Nile tilapia (the two native tilapias,

580-653: The five groups comprising the mesangiosperms diverged from each other. Amborella , Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales , in that order, are basal to all other angiosperms. Amborella Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales Mesangiospermae Paleodicots (sometimes spelled "palaeodicots") is an informal name used by botanists (Spichiger & Savolainen 1997, Leitch et al. 1998 ) to refer to angiosperms which are not monocots or eudicots . The paleodicots correspond to Magnoliidae sensu Cronquist 1981 (minus Ranunculales and Papaverales) and to Magnoliidae sensu Takhtajan 1980 (Spichiger & Savolainen 1997). Some of

609-656: The flag of the Sasanian Empire Derafsh Kaviani . Today, it is known as the symbol of Iranians Solar Hijri Calendar . Lily pads, also known as Seeblätter , are a charge in Northern European heraldry, often coloured red ( gules ), and appear on the flag of Friesland and the coat of arms of Denmark (in the latter case often replaced by red hearts ). The water lily has a special place in Sangam literature and Tamil poetics, where it

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638-465: The flowers were prevalent in their iconographic records. Aristocrats and religious figures wore masks and/or headdresses during celebratory events that had water lilies and/or water lily symbols to appear like gods. There is also evidence that water lilies were used as cultural entheogenic . Some interpretations of ritual scenes drawn out by the Maya have been blood being extracted from perforated body parts. However, more close examinations show that this

667-431: The lakes. Its extensions include; Lake Kwania , Lake Bisina , lake Bugondo and Lake Opeta . Nile crocodiles are numerous, as is aquatic fauna. There are at least 60 haplochromine cichlid species, as well as a smaller number of other fish species like Lake Victoria sardine and marbled lungfish . Many of the haplochromine cichlids are endemic , but very closely related to the Lake Victoria species, and showing

696-761: The large number of relatively unspecialized floral organs in the Nymphaeaceae is not an ancestral condition for the clade. The Nymphaeaceae are aquatic, rhizomatous herbs. The family is further characterized by scattered vascular bundles in the stems, and frequent presence of latex , usually with distinct, stellate-branched sclereids projecting into the air canals. Hairs are simple, usually producing mucilage (slime). Leaves are alternate and spiral, opposite or occasionally whorled, simple, peltate or nearly so, entire to toothed or dissected, short to long petiolate , with blade submerged, floating or emergent, with palmate to pinnate venation. Stipules are either present or absent. Flowers are solitary, bisexual, radial, with

725-463: The main lake. The number of surviving haplochromine cichlids in each subsection is directly related to the status of the Nile perch. Despite being the largest by far, less than 50 haplochromine species survive in the main section where the Nile perch is common. In comparison, the much smaller satellite lakes Lemwa, Nyaguo and Nawampasa lack Nile perch, but at least 50 haplochromine species survive in each of

754-847: The order Proteales . Several fossil species are known, including Cretaceous representatives of Nymphaea , as well as fossil genera such as Jaguariba from the Cretaceous of Brazil , Allenbya from the Ypresian of British Columbia , Notonuphar from the Eocene of Antarctica , Nuphaea from the Eocene of Germany, and Susiea from the Late Paleocene Almont Flora of North Dakota, USA. The beautiful nature of water lilies has led to their widespread use as ornamental plants . The Mexican waterlily , native to

783-511: The paleodicots share apparently plesiomorphic characters with monocots, e.g., scattered vascular bundles, trimerous flowers, and non-tricolpate pollen . The "paleodicots" are not a monophyletic group and the term has not been widely adopted. The APG II system does not recognize a group called "paleodicots" but assigns these early-diverging dicots to several orders and unplaced families: Amborellaceae, Nymphaeaceae (including Cabombaceae ), Austrobaileyales , Ceratophyllales (not included among

812-495: The three orders, A mborellales, N ymphaeales, and A ustrobaileyales, since the order Iliciales was reduced to the family Illiciaceae and placed, along with the family Trimeniaceae, within the Austrobaileyales. The basal angiosperms are only a few hundred species, compared with hundreds of thousands of species of eudicots , monocots , and magnoliids . They diverged from the ancestral angiosperm lineage before

841-442: Was if the Nymphaeaceae were thriving. Water lilies became a visual sign of water cleanliness, so the Maya elite began to associate themselves with the flowers. The Maya began to use water lily iconography depicted on stelae , monumental architecture, murals, and in hieroglyphic writing . Even in Maya settlements like Palenque , where the main water supplies were springs and flowing streams (places where water lilies cannot grow),

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